• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 축산물품질평가원의 돼지도체 등급 세부기준 중 육색등급과 일반적인 기계적 육색측정치와의 상관관계를 알아보기 위한 것인데, 총 538두의 돼지를 도축장에서 도축하여 등급판정 부위인 배최장근(longissimus dorsi)에서 육색등급과 색차계를 이용한 기계적 육색값($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}C$ and H)을 측정하였다. 기계적 육색측정항목은 모두 육색 등급이 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었는데 (p<0.05), 특히 명도 $L^*$ value)는 육색 1등급에서 65.23으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 육색 6등급에서는 45.29로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 한편 모든 기계적 육색측정치는 축산물품질평가원 기준 육색등급과 부의 상관관계(p<0.001)를 나타내었는데, 특히 명도는 r-value가 -0.83으로 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 기계적 육색측정치는 축산물품질평가원 기준 육색등급과 매우 밀접한 상관관계가 있으며, 특히 명도는 돼지도체의 등급판정과 육색등급판정에 있어서 유용한 참고항목이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to detect significant SNPs for carcass quality traits using DNA chips of high SNP density in Hanwoo populations. Carcass data of two hundred and eighty nine steers sired by 30 Korean proven sires were collected from two regions; the Hanwoo Improvement Center of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation in Seosan, Chungnam province and the commercial farms in Gyeongbuk province. The steers in Seosan were born between spring and fall of 2006 and those in Gyeonbuk between falls of 2004 and 2005. The former steers were slaughtered at approximately 24 months, while the latter steers were fed six months longer before slaughter. Among the 55,074 SNPs in the Illumina bovine 50K chip, a total of 32,756 available SNPs were selected for whole genome association study. After adjusting for the effects of sire, region and slaughter age, phenotypes were regressed on each SNP using a simple linear regression model. For the significance threshold, 0.1% point-wise p value from F distribution was used for each SNP test. Among the significant SNPs for a trait, the best set of SNP markers were selected using a stepwise regression procedure, and inclusion and exclusion of each SNP out of the model was determined at the p<0.001 level. A total of 118 SNPs were detected; 15, 20, 22, 28, 20, and 13 SNPs for final weight before slaughter, carcass weight, backfat thickness, weight index, longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling score, respectively. Among the significant SNPs, the best set of 44 SNPs was determined by stepwise regression procedures with 7, 9, 6, 9, 7, and 6 SNPs for the respective traits. Each set of SNPs per trait explained 20-40% of phenotypic variance. The number of detected SNPs per trait was not great in whole genome association tests, suggesting additional phenotype and genotype data are required to get more power to detect the trait-related SNPs with high accuracy for estimation of the SNP effect. These SNP markers could be applied to commercial Hanwoo populations via marker-assisted selection to verify the SNP effects and to improve genetic potentials in successive generations of the Hanwoo populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1745-1752
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• 2008

This study was conducted to compare the growth performance and carcass evaluation of Jeju native cattle (JNC) and its crossbreds (CBK = 25 JNC: 50 Charolais: 25 Brahman and BCBK = 62.5 JNC: 25 Charolais: 12.5 Brahman) fed for a short fattening period. Eight male calves each of JNC (80.$40{\pm}10$), CBK ($113.50{\pm}12.3$), and BCBK ($100.3{\pm}9.5$) were weaned at 4 month of age and were fed similar diets for 18 months of their age. All animals were fed a growing ration until 12 months of age and thereafter switched to a fattening ration for a period of 6 months. Final body weight (BW) and BW gain were significantly higher in CBK and BCBK compared with JNC. The CBK and BCBK gained 27.42% and 25.99% more BW, respectively, compared with JNC. The CBK and BCBK animals consumed significantly less DM than JNC to gain a unit of BW. Body weight gain, DM intake and feed conversion efficiency were similar between CBK and BCBK. Weight of hot and cold carcass, ribs, boneless meat and Longissimus dorsi muscle area were significantly different among JNC and its crossbreds. The heaviest carcass was observed in CBK followed by BCBK and JNC. Carcass, chest and femur lengths were greater in CBK and BCBK compared with JNC. Chest width, chest depth and hip width were similar in JNC and its crossbreds. Femur width was significantly greater in CBK compared with BCBK and JNC. Femur depth and chest girth were significantly greater in CBK and BCBK compared with JNC. Weight and fat yield in different carcass cuts were greater in crossbreds compared to JNC. Percent moisture, crude ash, and crude protein of meat were similar in JNC and its crossbreds. Percent crude fat in beef was significantly greater in JNC compared with its crossbreds. Beef shear force value, percent water holding capacity, juiciness and tenderness were significantly greater for JNC compared to its crossbreds. In conclusion, CBK and BCBK have shown greater growth rates and produced heavier carcasses with good degree of fatness when compared with JNC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

In order to assess the effect of feeding raw or processed cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on meat and wool production, 30 male crossbred lambs (3-4 months) of uniform body weight were assigned equally to five dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The CSM was processed by three different methods i.e., cooking the meal at $100^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes, treatment with 1% calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) for 24 h and iron treatment in the ratio of 1 part free gossypol (FG) to 0.3 parts of iron for 30 minutes. The lambs were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures, containing 30% deoiled peanut meal (reference diet) and 40% of either raw, cooked, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM for 180 days. The raw and variously processed CSM replaced about 50% nitrogen of reference concentrate mixture. The concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of the protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad libitum chopped maize (Zea mays) hay. The slaughter weight, empty body weight and carcass weight was higher ($p{\leq}0.01$) in lambs fed cooked CSM incorporated diets, compared to diets containing deoiled peanut meal (DPNM). These parameters were not influenced by feeding diets containing either raw, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM in comparison DPNM diets. The carcass length, loin eye area and edible and inedible portion of carcass and the meat: bone ratio in whole carcass were also not affected by feeding CSM based diets. Among various primal cuts, the yield of legs was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) from raw CSM fed lambs in comparison to DPNM fed lambs. The fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle was reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$) in lambs fed processed CSM based diets compared to those fed DPNM diet. Replacing DPNM with either raw or processed CSM based diets did not influence the sensory attributes and overall acceptability of meat. The wool yield was higher ($p{\leq}0.05$) in iron treated CSM fed lambs. The fibre length and fibre diameter were comparable among lambs on various dietary regimes. Among lambs fed variously processed CSM diets, the feed cost per kg of edible meat production was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) on $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM, followed by cooked CSM diet and then on raw CSM based diets compared to DPNM diet. The CSM after 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment or cooking for 45 minutes appears to be a satisfactory protein supplement in lamb diets for meat and wool production to replace at least 50% nitrogen of scarce and costly peanut meal.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2005

The effects of slaughter weight on blood profile and pork qualities of japan berkshires were investigated A total 72 pigs were divided into 3 groups$(125\~130,\;105\~110\;or\;95\~104\;kg)$. At each slaughter weight pigs were conventionally slaughtered and then chilled overnight The carcass characteristics (carcass weight backfat thickness and grades) were determined on those carcass, the muscle longissimus dorsi was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib and meat qualities were evaluated. Blood profile including cortisol, creatine phos-phokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose and phosphorus was not significantly (p>0.05) different among all slaughter weight, However, the calcium contents of pigs at $95\~104\;kg$ were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other weights. The carcass weight and backfat thickness of pigs slaughtered at $125\~130\;kg$ were higher than those of $105\~110\;or\;95\~104\;kg$. The carcass grade of pigs slaughtered at $125\~130\;kg$ were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the other weight. The moisture contents of pigs slaughtered at $125\~130\;kg$ were significantly lower than the other weights, but crude protein contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher, Cooking loss and shear lone values of pigs slaughtered at $95\~104\;kg$ were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the other weight. CIE $a^*\;and\;b^*$ values of pigs slaughtered at $105\~110\;kg$ were significantly higher than the other weights. These results imply that the carcass characteristics (carcass weight and backfat thickness) could be affected by slaughter weight the cooking loss and shear force values of pigs slaughtered at $125\~130\;kg$ resulted in higher than those of $105\~110kg\;or\;95\~104\;kg$.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.426-430
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• 2006

본 연구는 버크셔종의 성별에 따른 육질 특성을 파악하고자 실시되었으며, 60 kg의 Berkshire 40두를 2 돈방에 암퇘지와 거세돼지 각각 20두씩 배치하여 출하 시(약 110 kg)까지 비육한 후 도축하여 실험에 공시하였다. 신선육 관능검사에서 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지가 육색, 마블링 점수가 높아 전체적인 기호도가 높게 나타났으며, 가열육 관능검사에서도 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지가 육색, 향 및 기호성에서 높은 점수를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성 중 linoleic acid와 arachidonic acid는 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지가 낮아(p<0.05) 필수 지방산과 다가 불포화 지방산도 낮은 경향을 보였으나 전체적으로 성별에 따른 지방산 조성에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다.(p>0.05). 아미노산 조성은 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지가 감미계인 alanine, 방향족인 tyrosine, 필수 아미노산인 arginine은 높게 나타났고, proline과 감미계이자 필수 아미노산인 threonine, 필수아미노산인 histidine은 낮게 나타나(p<0.05) 전체적으로 암퇘지보다 거세 돼지의 풍미가 낮은 경향이었으나 glutamic acid, 감미계, 황함유, 방향족 및 필수 아미노산 각각의 총 함량은 성 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2007

본 연구는 버크셔종의 성별에 따른 육질 특성을 파악하고자 실시되었으며, 60일령의 Berkshire 40두를 2 돈방에 암컷과 거세돼지 각각 20두씩 배치하여 출하 시(약 110 kg)까지 비육한 후 도축하여 실험에 공시하였다. 일반성분은 성 간에 차이를 보이지 않았고, pH는 암퇘지보다 거세돼지가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 보수력, 가열감량, 전단가 및 콜레스테롤 함량은 성 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 육색의 밝기를 나타내는 명도는 암퇘지보다 거세돼지가 높게 나타났으나(p<0.05), 적색도와 황색도는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 지방색도 성 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 돈육의 물리적인 특성 중 표면경도, 경도, 검성은 암퇘지보다 거세돼지가 더 낮게 나타났으나(p<0.05), 응집성, 탄력성 및 씹힘성은 성 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 종합적으로 볼 때 암퇘지에 비해 거세돼지 육이 pH와 명도가 높고 표면경도, 경도 및 검성이 낮아 부드러운 조직을 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2007

본 연구는 도축과정 중 탕침법과 박피법의 탈모기법이 돈육질에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이를 통해 생산된 식육의 냉장 저장성에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 실시하였다. 탈모기법에 따른 온도체중과 등지방은 탕박을 실시한 처리구가 박피 처리구보다 높은 수치를 나타내었으며 등심 근의 온도에서도 등지방이 두껍고 도체중이 무거웠던 탕박 거세돈이 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. pH와 육색에서는 처리구 간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았지만 보수력의 경우는 탕박과 박피 처리에 따른 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타났으며 탕박법에 의해 탈모된 처리구에서 보수력이 저하되는 것으로 분석되었다. 냉장 저장 중 지방산패에 의한 TBA 측정의 변화를 분석한 결과 저장 1일 탕박 거세 돈의 경우가 가장 높게 나타났으나 다른 처리구와 더불어 대부분 신선한 상태를 유지하였다. Metmyoglobin의 경우 저장일 별 처리구 간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 TBA측정치의 변화와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 총균수의 경우도 처리구 간 유의적 차이를 보이진 않았으며 저장 7일과 14일 사이에 급속하게 미생물이 증식하는 것으로 관찰되었고 14일 이후에는 완전 부패하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1581-1590
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to clone alternative splicing isoforms of pig myoneurin (MYNN), predict the structure and function of coding protein, and study temporal and spatial expression characteristics of each transcript. Methods: Alternative splice isoforms of MYNN were identified using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and cloning techniques. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to detect expression patterns in 11 tissues of Large White (LW) and Mashen (MS) pigs, and to study developmental expression patterns in cerebellum (CE), stomach (ST), and longissimus dorsi (LD). Results: The results showed that MYNN had two alternatively spliced isoforms, MYNN-1 (GenBank accession number: KY470829) and MYNN-2 (GenBank accession number: KY670835). MYNN-1 coding sequence (CDS) is composed of 1,830 bp encoding 609 AA, whereas MYNN-2 CDS is composed of 1,746 bp encoding 581 AA. MYNN-2 was 84 bp less than MYNN-1 and lacked the sixth exon. MYNN-2 was found to have one $C_2H_2$ type zinc finger protein domain less than MYNN-1. Two variants were ubiquitously expressed in all pig tissues, and there were significant differences in expression of different tissues (p<0.05; p<0.01). The expression of MYNN-1 was significantly higher than that of MYNN-2 in almost tissues (p<0.05; p<0.01), which testified that MYNN-1 is the main variant. The expression of two isoforms decreased gradually with increase of age in ST and CE of MS pig, whereas increased gradually in LW pig. In LD, the expression of two isoforms increased first and then decreased with increase of age in MS pig, and decreased gradually in LW pig. Conclusion: Two transcripts of pig MYNN were successfully cloned and MYNN-1 was main variant. MYNN was highly expressed in ST, CE, and LD, and their expression was regular. We speculated that MYNN plays important roles in digestion/absorption and skeletal muscle growth, whereas the specific mechanisms require further elucidation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.749-755
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the physico-chemical properties of Holstein steer beef loin (M. longissimus dorsi) and top round (M. semimembranosus) from 18, 21 and 24-mon old. The loin and top round muscles from the 24-mon group had higher intramuscular fat content (%) than the other groups (p<0.05); however, the protein content was not significantly different among the 3 groups (p>0.05). With regard to meat color (CIE), the lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values of the loin were significantly higher for the 21- and 24-mon groups, and those of the top round were significantly higher for the 21-mon group than the same cuts in the other groups. The Warner-Bratzler shear force was the lowest at 24 mon for both the loin and top round muscles (3.69 kg); however, the water holding capacity was significantly higher for loin muscles from the 21-mon group (54.53%, p<0.05). The loin muscles from the 24-mon group contained significantly higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acid and significantly lower levels of saturated fatty acid than those in the other groups (p<0.05). The tenderness, juiciness, flavor-likeness and the overall-likeness scores were significantly higher for beef from the 21- and 24-mon groups than that from the 18-mon group. The results of this study indicate that both the slaughtering age and muscle type significantly affect meat quality. Therefore, fattening the beef for more than 4 mon during the late fattening stage would be advantageous for the meat quality of Holstein steers.