• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in health status and the utilization of long-term care service between urban and rural aged residents in Korea. Methods: Through convenience sampling, 1,405 elders (829 from urban areas and 576 from rural areas) were selected during March 1 to May 31 in 2004. All the subjects agreed to participate and filled out the survey questionnaire after signing the consent form. The instruments utilized in this study were the impairment of physio-sensory function, ADL IADL, cognitive function, and psycho-social function scale. This instrument was developed by modifying the scab developed by Gurland & Wilder (1984). Data was analyzed using the SPSS Win program. Results: There were significant differences in economic status, duration of living and type of medical insurance between rural and urban elderly(p<.05). Physio-sensory functions (t=4.53. p<.001), ADL (t=3.61. p<.001), IADL (t=2.45, p=.014), cognitive functions (t=-2.63. p=.024) and psycho-social functions (t=3.69. p<.001) were significantly different between the two groups. The utilization of long-term care facility in the urban elderly was significantly higher than that in the rural elderly ($x^2=10.14$, p<.001). Conclusion: Considering these findings. the need for long-term care should be assessed by residence characteristics. Because of different utilization of long term care facility according to the elderly's needs, long-term care services should be considered the residence characteristics.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare the oral health related characteristics between a long-term patients and general population. Methods: A direct interview questionnaire was completed by 160 patients and 165 general people from January 16 to April 31, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, subjective health status, oral health behaviors, and needs of oral health. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The long-term patients reported that most of them were denture wearers(38.1%), and had oral disease symptoms(62.5%) and xerostomia(65.6%). Most of the long-term patients were ex-smoker(31.3%) and did not receive regular dental check-up(92.5%). They did not know tooth brushing method(31.3%) and brushed their teeth less than twice a day(47.5%). Those who used tooth brush for more than 6 months accounted for 47.5%. Most of them did not use auxiliary oral hygiene devices(85.6%). The patients answered that oral health is not important(6.9%), oral health education is not necessary(7.5%), and oral cleaning(26.3%) should be included in oral health education. Conclusions: The self-reported oral health status of the long-term patients much more serious than the general population. It is necessary to educate the continuing oral health management program for the long-term patients.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

The long-term settlement characteristics for the cast-in-place bored pile in the deep-thick soft soil are investigated by post-grouting field tests. Six cast-in-place bored engineering piles and three cast-in-place bored test piles are installed to study the long-term settlement characteristics. Three post-grouting methods (i.e., post-tip-grouting, post-side-grouting, and tip and side post-grouting) are designed and carried out by field tests. Results of the local test show that decreased settlements for the post-side-grouted pile, the post-tip-grouted pile and the tip and side post-grouted pile are 22.2%~25.8%, 30.10%~35.98% and 32.40%~35.50%, respectively, compared with non-grouted piles. The side friction resistance for non-grouted piles, post-side-grouted pile, post-tip-grouted pile and the tip and side post-grouted pile undertakes 89.6~91.3%, 94.6%, 92.4%~93.0%, 95.7% of the total loading, respectively. At last, the parameters back analysis method and numerical calculation are adopted to predict the long-term settlement characteristics of the cast-in-place bored pile in the deep-thick soft soil. Determined Bulk modulus (K) and a creep parameter (Ks) are used for the back analysis of the long-term settlement of the post-grouted pile. The settlement difference between the back analysis and the measurement data is about 1.11%-7.41%. Long-term settlement of the post-grouted piles are predicted by the back analysis method, and the predicted results show that the settlement of the post-grouted pile are less than 6 mm and will be stable in 30 days.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to re-examine the disclosure effect of stock splits and long-term performance after stock splits using stock split data over the past 10 years, and infer the motivation (signal or opportunism) of stock splits. In addition, we focus on exploring the determinants of the short- and long-term market response to stock splits. Design/methodology/approach - We measure the short-term market response to a stock split and the long-term stock performance after the stock split announcement using the event study method. We analyze whether there is a difference in the long-term and short-term market response to a stock split according to various company characteristics through univariate analysis and regression analysis. Findings - In the case of the entire sample, a statistically significant positive excess return is observed on the stock split announcement date, and the excess return during the 24-month holding period after the stock split do not show a difference from zero. In particular, the difference between short-term and long-term returns on stock splits is larger in companies with a large stock split ratio, small companies, large growth potential, and companies with a combination of financial events after a stock split. Research implications or Originality - The results of this study suggest that at least the signal hypothesis for a stock split does not hold in the Korean stock market. On the other hand, it suggests that there is a possibility that a stock split can be abused by the manager's opportunistic motive, and that this opportunism can be discriminated depending on the size of the stock split, corporate characteristics, and financing plan.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.522-537
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of the cognitive function and activities of daily living of the beneficiary older adults at home based on Korean Long-term Care Insurance System. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted from November 2010 to May 2011, the final respondents were 1,026 beneficiary older adults taking home visit care covered in Korean long-term care insurance system. The questionnaire included general characteristics of subjects, cognitive function, ADL(Activity of daily living). The data was analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 version. There was significant difference in cognitive function and ADL between 1st Grade, 2nd Grade and 3rd Grade of long-term care classification. The correlated factors of cognitive function were ADL, long-term care grade, disability of arm and leg, limitation of joint, bed sore and tube feeding. The correlated factors of ADL were cognitive function, long-term care grade, disability of arm and leg, bed sore and tube feeding. This study suggests that cognitive functions have to be mainly considered in long-term care grade. It is necessary to make an effort to develop long-term care grade in Korean long-term care insurance system an cognitive function improvement program for the beneficiary older adults. Above all things government will be seriously contemplating of revise contents for long-term care grade to provide quality of care for the older adults.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to empirically verify whether there are differences according to group characteristics in the effect of job characteristic requirements on practice performance in university long-term on-site training. Specifically, the relationship between job characteristics (job scope, job content, coaching, benefits), practical satisfaction, and occupational competencies was examined according to the group characteristics (gender types, major types, corporation types). For this purpose, the survey data were collected and analyzed for 752 students who participated in K university long-term on-site training. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that the job characteristics (job scope job content, coaching, benefits) had structural relationship affecting occupational competence through mediation of practice satisfaction. Second, As for the differences according to the group characteristics, there were differences in the relations. Based on the result, theoretical and practical implications and follow-up studies were proposed.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between demographic characteristics, hospitalization-related characteristics, and the severity of long-term hospitalization in a high-level general hospital, and to analyze the factors influencing decisions of all patients. Methods: General and clinical characteristics of the participants were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Differences in these characteristics, contingent upon whether a power source was requested, were analyzed using independent t-Test and Chi-squared tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors related to the presence or absence of power requests. Results: The factors impacting the decision to refer a dependent variable include medical treatment (neurosurgery) (B=2.118, SE=0.960, p-value=.027, OR=8.314, 95% CI=1.267-54.551), infection isolation (CRE) (B=1.336, SE=0.666, p-value=.045, OR=3.804, 95% CI=1.032-14.021), and the utilization of tertiary antibiotics (B=3.076, SE=1.362, p-value= .024, OR=21.663, 95% CI=1.502-312.530). Conclusion: This study found a significant association between medical treatment (neurosurgery), infection isolation (CRE), and the use of tertiary antibiotics as dependent variables. These findings indicate that continuous monitoring can contribute to a reduction in long-term financial burdens.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.18-29
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• 2019

In the field of Human-Computer Interaction design, persuasive design has gradually been applied to the system development and design process, especially for mobile application design. However, most mobile applications have hitherto a very short using lifecycle. Especially, design features with long-term persuasive effectiveness remain to be further researched and developed. In this study, we focused on investigating and identifying the durative persuasive design characteristics through a data mining process and evaluating the durative effectiveness through a long-term observation process. Total five hundred healthcare-related mobile applications were selected from Apple iTunes Store and a mixed method was conducted to extract the most common persuasive design characteristics. Based on the results of extraction, a representative healthcare-related mobile application was selected as experimental subject. Total one hundred and twenty participants were observed during a six-months experiment and the monitoring data of app usage of all participants was collected once a week. According to the evaluation model for behavior change identification process, participants with habit formation features were proved to have a significant long-term perception level for ten persuasive design characteristics. Further interview research was performed to investigate the participant's long-term perceptions on those characteristics for the purpose of identifying the durative persuasions. The results indicated that a long-term durative effectiveness can be observed and healthcare-related apps designed with those characteristics could have durative effectiveness. This study may contribute to the improvement of future mobile application designs in user experience and durative persuasion, as well as bringing future benefits for both mobile application developers and users.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.565-569
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• 2003

One-year-long groundwater-level data have been collected from 18 wells in Cheon-an area. The result of barometric efficiency, autocorrelation, cross-correlation and statistical distribution evaluated from the measurement data shows that groundwater-level measurements from observation wells are the principal source of information about aquifer characteristics. Data from WA-2 has high barometric efficiency as well as steady decreasing auto-correlation coefficient, which means nonleaky confined aquifer, Most aquifers in this study show the unconfined properties so that barometric efficiencies are mostly low and the coefficients of cross-correlation between groundwater-level and precipitation are commonly high. This study showed that the long-term groundwater-level monitoring data without artificial stress such as pumping would give accurate information about aquifer characteristics.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2018

Long-term deformation of a steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) column is different from that of a reinforced concrete (RC) column due to the different moisture distribution. Wide-flange steel in an SRC column obstructs diffusion and makes long-term deformation slower. Previous studies analyzed the characteristics of long-term deformation of SRC columns. In this study, an additional experiment is conducted to more precisely investigate the effect of wide-flange steel on the long-term deformation of SRC columns. Long-term deformation, especially creep of SRC columns with various types of wide-flange steel, is tested. Wide-flange steel for the experiment is made of thin acrylic panels that can block diffusion but does not have strength, because the main purpose of this study is to exclusively demonstrate the long-term deformation of concrete caused by moisture diffusion, not by the reinforcement ratio. Experimental results show that the long-term deformation of a SRC column develops slower than that in a RC column, and it is slower as the wide-flange steel hinders diffusion more. These experimental results can be used for analytical prediction of long-term deformation of various SRC columns. An example of the analytical prediction is provided. According to the experimental and analytical results, it is clear that a new prediction model for long-term deformation of SRC columns should be developed in further studies.