• 공학교육연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between post - employment job satisfaction and both short-term (4-12 weeks) and long-term (12+weeks) on-site training. For this purpose, 405 graduates who had completed on-site training (205 short-term, 200 long term) during the school year were surveyed. The results of the comparative analysis of both short-term and long-term on-site training participants are as follows: In both short-term and long-term on-site training, it was found that on-site performance during the school year did not directly affect post-employment job satisfaction. In the case of short-term on-site training participants, job match and organizational commitment were found to have no mediating effect on the correlation between on-site training performance and job satisfaction. On the other hand, in the case of long-term on-site training participants, the analysis showed that job match and organizational commitment had mediating effects on the correlation between on-site training performance and job satisfaction. These effects are not solely attributable to differences in duration of training; the differences in operating systems and the degree of preparation derived from these systems also affect the level of on-site training for students, businesses, and schools. This paper summarizes these findings and suggests the following improvement plans for on-site training in the future: First, short-term on-site training is required to establish a systematic basis in order to enhance students' preparedness level. Second, both short-term and long-term on-site training should improve the skills and field understanding for students' majors through systematic quality management during the training period. Third, it is necessary for universities to increase expectations and quality of short-term on-site training for all involved while simultaneously reducing the gap between educational goals and practice in this field.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2014

Variability factors of transship cargo in the container transportation market analysis short term factors. In the past, studies on the factor of variability in container cargo volume have focused on long term volume forecast and increase in investment and competitiveness from strategic perspectives. Unlike previous studies, this paper analyzes factors of variability in transshipment volume rapidly varying in short term and seeks measures. Since it was identified that transshipment volume depends on vessel operation cost and port volume in long term but effectively on special strategies launched by port authorities in short term, the port authority experienced rapid drop in volume should continue to observe strategies of competition ports and to make use of strategies seeking appropriate countermeasures.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-91
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to re-examine the disclosure effect of stock splits and long-term performance after stock splits using stock split data over the past 10 years, and infer the motivation (signal or opportunism) of stock splits. In addition, we focus on exploring the determinants of the short- and long-term market response to stock splits. Design/methodology/approach - We measure the short-term market response to a stock split and the long-term stock performance after the stock split announcement using the event study method. We analyze whether there is a difference in the long-term and short-term market response to a stock split according to various company characteristics through univariate analysis and regression analysis. Findings - In the case of the entire sample, a statistically significant positive excess return is observed on the stock split announcement date, and the excess return during the 24-month holding period after the stock split do not show a difference from zero. In particular, the difference between short-term and long-term returns on stock splits is larger in companies with a large stock split ratio, small companies, large growth potential, and companies with a combination of financial events after a stock split. Research implications or Originality - The results of this study suggest that at least the signal hypothesis for a stock split does not hold in the Korean stock market. On the other hand, it suggests that there is a possibility that a stock split can be abused by the manager's opportunistic motive, and that this opportunism can be discriminated depending on the size of the stock split, corporate characteristics, and financing plan.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study examines when the optimism impact on financial asset price forecasting and the boundary condition of optimism in the financial asset price forecasting. People generally tend to optimistically forecast their future. Optimism is a nature of human beings and optimistic forecasting observed in daily life. But is it always observed in financial asset price forecasting? In this study, two factors were focused on considering whether the optimism that people have applied to predicting future performance of financial investment products (e.g., mutual fund). First, this study examined whether the degree of optimism varied depending on the direction of the prior price trend. Second, this study examined whether the degree of optimism varied according to the forecast period by dividing the future forecasted by people into three time horizon based on forecast period. Research design, data, and methodology - 2 (prior price trend: rising-up trend vs falling-down trend) × 3 (forecast time horizon: short term vs medium term vs long term) experimental design was used. Prior price trend was used between subject and forecast time horizon was used within subject design. 169 undergraduate students participated in the experiment. χ² analysis was used. In this study, prior price trend divided into two types: rising-up trend versus falling-down trend. Forecast time horizon divided into three types: short term (after one month), medium term (after one year), and long term (after five years). Results - Optimistic price forecasting and boundary condition was found. Participants who were exposed to falling-down trend did not make optimistic predictions in the short term, but over time they tended to be more optimistic about the future in the medium term and long term. However, participants who were exposed to rising-up trend were over-optimistic in the short term, but over time, less optimistic in the medium and long term. Optimistic price forecasting was found when participants forecasted in the long term. Exposure to prior price trends (rising-up trend vs falling-down trend) was a boundary condition of optimistic price forecasting. Conclusions - The results indicated that individuals were more likely to be impacted by prior price tends in the short term time horizon, while being optimistic in the long term time horizon.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1271-1279
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 단기 관측자료를 활용하여 장대교량 현장의 기본풍속을 추정하는 방법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 기상관측소로부터 거리가 먼 장대교량의 내풍설계시 현장의 기본 풍속을 추정하기 위해 현장의 장기 풍속자료를 통계처리하는 것이 필요하다. 현장에 풍관측탑을 설치하고 단기간의 풍관측 자료를 확보하였고 선형회귀분석 및 MCP 방법을 이용하여 인근 기상관측소와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 기상관측소의 장기풍자료를 지형보정을 한 후 상관관계식에 의해 현장의 장기 풍속자료를 얻었고 풍속자료의 극치 확률분포 분석에 의해 기본풍속 산정을 할 수 있었다. 연구결과에서는 선형회귀분석의 방법이 MCP 방법에 비해 풍속을 낮게 추정하고 있으며, 향후 여러 현장에서 일련의 상관관계 분석을 수행한다면 종합적으로 두 방법에 의한 기본풍속 산정의 차이를 보다 명확히 보여줄 것이다. 또한, 장기자료의 질 관리가 풍속추정에 매우 중요하다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2020

This scholarly work is an effort to capture the effects of oil prices on the actual exchange rate between dollar and rupee. This is done with reference to the U.S. dollar as oil prices are marked in USD (U.S. Dollar) in the international market, and India is among the top five importers of oil. Using monthly data from January 2001 to May 2020. The study used the real GDP, money supply, short-term interest rate difference between two countries, and inflation apart from the crude oil prices per barrel as the factors that help define the exchange rate. The analysis, through cointegration and vector error correction method (VECM), suggests long and short-run causality amid prices of oil and the rate of exchange fluctuations. Oil prices are found to be negatively related to the exchange rate in the long term but positively related in the short term. The result of the Wald test also indicates the short-run causation from the short-term interest rate and the prices of crude oil towards the exchange rate. The present study shows that oil prices are evidence of the existence of short-term and long-term driving associations with short-term interest rates and exchange rates.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2018

Objectives : It was to classify and its affecting factors to the patients of Korean medicine hospital with short term and long term hospitalization. Methods : I focused on long-term hospitalized patients. I was conducted on 344 hospitalized patients among the original data of usage and consumption of Korean medical report in 2014. Among those patients, I have classified them into long term inpatients(131 patients) and short term inpatients(213 patients) based on 16 days of hospitalization. Also multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the hospitalization, treatment satisfaction and dissatisfaction, the characteristics of long term hospitalization according to the sociodemographic of the subjects, the top 21 diseases and the distribution of human bodies, side effects and kinds of Korean medicine. Results : There was a statistically significant difference between the short term and long term hospitalized patients due to age, occupation, marital status, all 21 diseases and institutional fees, experience of Korean medical treatment due to traffic accidents. There was no significant difference in gender, education level, residence, income level, type of medical insurance, whether private insurance, type of medical treatment for Korean medicine, medical expenses for car accidents, reason for dissatisfaction with treatment. The number of long term patients at Korean medicine hospitals increased by a statistically significant by age in model 1 where confounding factors were differently controlled. In model 2, the number of long term patients at Korean medicine hospitals increased by a statistically significant by age, among those who earned 5,000,000 Korean won or more, and among those with nerve diseases. The number of long term patients at Korean medicine hospitals decreased by a statistically significant amount among the unemployed and others in model 2. In model 3, the number of long term patients at Korean medicine hospitals increased by a statistically significant by age, among those who earned 5,000,000 Korean won or more, and among those with nerve diseases, while the number decreased by a statistically significant amount among the married. Conclusions : These results suggest that the factors affecting the short term and long term hospitalization of patients with Korean medicine hospital are different from each other. Especially it was significant by age, over 5,000,000won Income per month, nerve disease, but decrease significant married.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2000

This study aims to present a more reasonable control value than the exiting one by comparing and analyzing control values and field instrumentation values of the whole excavation depth of the four case sites using geometric averaging as a statistical method. The range of the study is confined to three things: (1) the axial force of the braced excavation walls among a variety of items prescribed in the control values by stress deformation of walls and adjacent structures; (2) by approximation of the allowable and design value; (3) and by safety factor. As a res it is desirable to revise "(Long term allowable stress + Short term allowable stress)/2 ~ Short term allowable stress," presented in the present control values by stress deformation of walls and adjacent structures, to "(Long term allowable stress + Short term allowable stress)/5 ~ (Short term allowable stress)/3." The result also shows that since there is a difference of about 3.5%, it is not necessary to revise 70, 90, and 100 percent of LEVEL I, II, and III, prescribed in the control values by the allowable and design value approximation. In addition, modifying the control value by the safety factor, now 1.07, is unnecessary, although it varies little difference from the present value.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2009

The short term (24-hr) and long term (21 days) effects of copper, cadmium, fenbendazole and sulfathiazole on the survival of the Korean fairy shrimp Branchinella kugenumaensis were evaluated. The 24-hr median lethal concentrations ($LC_{50}$) of copper, cadmium, fenbendazole, and sulfathiazole were 39, 512, 182, and 31,818 ${\mu}g/L$, respectively. The toxicity of copper is highest among 4 chemicals used in this study, while sulfathazole the lowest. After the long term (21 days) exposure experiment, the $LC_{50}$ copper, cadmium, fenbendazole, and sulfathiazole were 1.12, 2.1, 0.1, 6.6 ${\mu}g/L$, respectively. The long term effects of antibiotics were highly enhanced while the short-term effects were not strong. The sensitivities of B. kugenumaensis to copper and cadmium were higher than or comparable to those of other freshwater branchiopods (Streptocephalus spp., Thamnocephalus sp.), and far higher than the marine species (Artemia sp.). There were significant effects on the survival of B. kugenumaensis after long term exposure to relatively lower concentrations of copper, cadmium, fenbendazole and sulfathiazole. Therefore, B. kugenumaensis seems quite a good candidate species for the ecotoxicological assessments of freshwater environments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1527-1533
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• 2001

Garole is a prolific, rare, less known and small size Indian sheep breed found in low and humid Sunderban region of West Bengal. Although information on stored Garole ram liquid semen upto 24 h is available, but there is a need to further investigate the short-term and long-term preservability of Garole ram semen for extensive utilization of this valuable germplasm by artificial insemination. The aim of the present study was to apply computer-assisted sperm analysis technique for assessing the motion characteristics of Garole ram semen stored (i) in liquid state at refrigeration temperature for short-term preservation upto 48 h and (ii) in frozen state at $-196^{\circ}C$ for long-term preservation after packaging in mini straws. Short-term preservation had a significant effect on motility (p<0.01) as the motility progressively decreased from 90.1% at 0 h to 85.5% and 73.2% after 24 and 48 h of storage, respectively. Although the decline in rapid moving sperms was also significant (p<0.01) on storage but the decrease was more pronounced at 48 h as compared to 24 h of storage period. Storage of chilled semen had also a significant effect on % linearity (p<0.05), % straightness (p<0.01), sperm velocities (p<0.01), amplitude of lateral head displacement (p<0.01) and beat frequency (pO.Ol) of spermatozoa. The replication had a significant effect for all the variables except average path and straight line velocity. However, the interactions of short-term storage and replication were non-significant for most of the variables except % of medium moving sperms, sperm velocities and beat frequency. On long-term preservation of Garole ram spermatozoa under controlled conditions the mean post-thaw recovery of 70.4 and 71.4% motile spermatozoa was achieved having 48.8 and 48.9% of rapidly motile spermatozoa, respectively in both the replicates. The effect of replication on cryopreservation was significant (p<0.05) on amplitude of lateral head displacement and beat frequency, but there was no significant effect on motility, rapidly motile spermatozoa, linearity, straightness and sperm velocities of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. It can be concluded from these results that an average 70% motility can be achieved on storage of Garole ram semen in chilled liquid state upto 48 h or in liquid nitrogen after freezing under controlled conditions in straws. However, further studies are required to evaluate the fertility of short-term and long-term preserved Garole ram semen for extensive use of this prolific sheep breed.