• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1278-1283
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week aerobic exercise training on cardiac QT intervals and cardiovascular risk profiles in type 1 diabetic children. Eleven type 1 diabetic children aged 9-17 years took part in this study as subject. The participants performed aerobic exercise training three times a week for total 12 weeks. The intensity of the training was adjusted at HRR 45% until three weeks and at HRR 55% since four weeks. After a 12-week aerobic exercise training systolic (p<0.05) and diastolic (p<0.05) blood pressure of the subjects was decreased. There was significant decrease in cardiac QT intervals (p<0.05), TC level (p<0.05), and HDL-C level (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study suggest that long-term regular physical activity of type 1 diabetic children considered exercise intensity and frequency may effect and play a important role in the prevention of diabetic complications and cardiovascular health care.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 1999

Background: Measurement of body temperature is an important parameter in patient management in many clinical conditions. Failure to reach minimal acceptable body temperature standards has been associated with physiological derangements and has necessitated the application of additional therapy. The authors developed a new, simple, accurate thermometry system, which could be used to undertake precise temperature measurement for various clinical conditions. Materials and Methods: A new thermometry system using a specially designed temperature detecting and display system was developed. This system contains a temperature detecting sensor(LM 35CZ), which enables multiple serial checking of heat, data collection and processing computer, and 3-dimensional display system. It provides real time volumetric visualization of temperature distribution of a defined volume and stores and prints the data. Results: With this system, temperature can be measured at multiple interesting sites simultaneously, demonstrated as a 3-dimensional temperature distribution and stored. In well-controlled, systematic experiments a significant correlation has been observed between standard temperature and temperature using this system at various measuring points. Conclusion: This thermometry system is a real-time measurement system, which can demonstrate 3-dimensional heat distribution in experimental phantom and human body and can be used for diagnosing abnormal clinical conditions. In addition, this system reduces the nursing staff work load, providing them more time for long term care to patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7917-7922
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• 2015

DNA ploidy is an important prognostic parameter in paediatric B-ALL, but the significance of the S-phase fraction is unclear. In present study, DNA ploidy was assessed in 40 pediatric B-ALL cases by flow cytometry. The DI (DNA index) and percentage of cells in S-phase were calculated using Modfit software. Aneuploidy was noted in 26/40 (65%) cases. A DI of 1.10-1.6 (hyperdiploidy B) was noted in 20/40 (50%) and 6/40 (15%) had a DI>1.60 (triploid and tetraploid range). Some 14/40 (35%) cases had a diploid DI between 0.90-1.05. None of the cases had a DI <0.90 (hypodiploid) or in the 1.06-1.09 (hyperdiploid A) range. The mean S-phase fraction was 2.6%, with 24/40 (60%) having low and 16/40 (40%) high S-phase fractions. No correlation was noted with standard ALL risk and treatment response factors with DI values or S-phase data, except for a positive correlation of low S-phase with high NCI risk category (p=0.032). Overall frequency of hyperdiploidy in our cohort of B-ALL patients was very high (65%). No correlation between hyperdiploidy B and low TLC or common B-phenotype was observed in our study as 42% cases with DI 1.10-1.6 had TLC> $50{\times}10^9$ and 57.1% CD 10 negativity. The study also highlighted that S-phase fraction analysis does not add any prognostic information and is not a useful parameter for assessment in ALL cases. However, larger studies with long term outcome analysis are needed to derive definitive conclusions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4077-4082
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• 2013

The purpose of this descriptive and comparative study was to examine gender differences relevant to pain intensity, opioid prescription patterns and opioid consumption in Taiwanese oncology outpatients. The 92 participants had been prescribed opioid analgesics for cancer-related pain at least once in the past week and were asked to complete the Brief Pain Inventory - Chinese questionnaire and to recall the dosage of each opioid analgesic that they had ingested within the previous 24 hours. For opioid prescriptions and consumption, all analgesics were converted to morphine equivalents. The results revealed a significant difference between males and female minimum pain thresholds (t = 2.38, p = 0.02) and current pain thresholds (t = 2.12, p = 0.04), with males reporting a higher intensity of pain than females. In addition, this study found that males tended to use prescribed opioid analgesics more frequently than females on the bases of both around the clock (ATC) (t = 1.90, p = 0.06) and ATC plus as needed (ATC + PRN) (t = 2.33, p = 0.02). However, there was no difference between males and females in opioid prescriptions on an ATC basis (t = 0.52, p = 0.60) or at an ATC + PRN basis (t = 0.40, p = 0.69). The results suggest that there may be a gender bias in the treatment of cancer pain, supporting the proposal of routine examination of the effect of gender on cancer pain management. These findings suggest that clinicians should be particularly aware of potential gender differences during pain monitoring and the consumption of prescribed opioid analgesics.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-101
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• 2009

This study analyzed a total of 37 studies about bi-lingulism and English education as a foreign language published in 8 academic journals in early childhood education or child development fields. Research topics, participants, methods, and variables in the studies were categorized and descriptively analyzed. The research findings which had been statistically investigated were also summarized. The most frequently studied research topics were children's development and English education program exposure, actual conditions of English education in preschool settings and effectiveness of specific English programs for preschool children. However, children's home characteristics were seldom included as research variables and no research investigated so called English preschools. Several studies reported that bi-lingual children may have different language development paths from mono-lingual children but they eventually have comparable language abilities to mono-lingual children. Also some studies reported that, when learning English as a foreign language in school settings, older children can handle more information regarding English than younger children, resulting in better outcomes of older children. Exposure to two languages in early childhood seems to contribute to young children's meta linguistic awareness but the long term effect of English education in early childhood should be further studied. Several English education programs for preschool settings were developed and the effectiveness were investigated. Even though most of them reported that their programs were effective to children's English ability or interests, the results should be carefully interpreted because their research designs and methods were not rigorous.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive research study to identify Unmet Dementia Information Needs (UDIN) for caregivers of dementia patients at Dementia Relief Center and to understand the effectiveness of the program for workers. The subjects were 114 caregivers and 217 practitioners from dementia relief centers in 25 autonomous districts of S city from November 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020. The UDIN questionnaire is a 7-point Likert scale. The Crisis Management Questionnaire is a Likert 5-point scale consisting of 10 questions from 6 categories. As a result of the study, the proportion of depressed caregivers experiencing UDIN was 12.3times higher than those who did not (p<.001). The program effectiveness was 8.98times better than those who perceived the lack of risk management as good (p=.004), and social workers were 2.81times better than nurses (p=.091). It is necessary to conduct interactive operations to meet the needs of the community residents by listening to their diverse opinions rather than simply implementing a one-sided policy to raise the service of a dementia relief center to the highest level in a short period of time.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of skill level and width between feet on kinematic and kinetic variables during jump rope single under with both feet. Method: Fifteen subjects in the skilled group (age: $10.85{\pm}0.40yrs$, height: $142.13{\pm}5.41cm$, weight: $36.97{\pm}6.65kg$) and 15 subjects in the unskilled group (age: $10.85{\pm}0.40yrs$, height: $143.31{\pm}5.54cm$, weight: $40.81{\pm}10.39kg$) participated in this study. Results: Participants in the skilled group minimized the anteroposterior displacement of their center of mass by modifying the width between their feet and decreased the range of motion (ROM) of their trunk in the sagittal plane. The preferred width during the jump rope decreased by 5.61~6.11 cm (32~37%) in comparison to width during static standing. The induced width was increased by 16.44~16.67 cm (82~85%), regardless of skill level. The kinematic variables of the left and right legs of members of the unskilled group were significantly different from those of members in the skilled group regarding the ROM of the hip, knee, and ankle joint. Otherwise, the members of the skilled group were consistent in terms of the kinematic variables of the right and left legs. Conclusion: The preferred width between feet during the jump rope was found to be beneficial for maintaining dynamic stability. The unskilled group exhibited asymmetry in left and right motion within the ranges of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip joints, regardless of the width. Therefore, long-term accurate jump rope motions will contribute to an improvement in the left and right imbalances of the entire body.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.376-389
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to grasp the status of drug uses in college students, and to investigate the knowledge and attitude when they use it. We collected through questionnaires from Sep. 1 to Oct. 30 in 1999. The subjects were 490 college students in Seoul and northern of the Kyunggi-do. The data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 7.0) and ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. 1. There was no correlation for all factors in the relationship between general characteristics of subjects and knowledge for drugs. On the contrary, in the relation of the general characteristics and attitude for drug of subjects, some factors are statistically significant e.g., department (F=3.049, p<.010), satisfaction for school life (F=6.167,p<.002), body shape(F=8.092, p<.000), and the relationship with ones parents (F=3.728, p<.005). 2. In the analysis of drug use status and knowledge, only in the factor of administration control was statistically significant(F=4.304, p<.014) and in the relation of attitude for drug uses, drug administration was statistically significant (F=4.521, p<.004). 3. In the mean scores for the drug knowledge analysis, the highest factor was 'A narcotic make deformed persons through poisoning of physical and mental' (M=4.14), the lowest factor was 'If catch the flu during the pregnancy, should be take drug as possible as quickly to reduce negative effect for fetal' (M=1.94). 4. In the analysis for drug attitude, the highest factor was 'A drug is alike a poison' (M=3.48), 'Should be keep the usage and dosage of drug' was the lowest (M=1.48). 5. From the investigation for status of drug use, it was revealed that the most subjects (73.6%) were purchase drugs after explain their symptoms to pharmacist. And they take drugs only when they felt painful in 43.1%. The most students (70.4%) were experienced control of drug administration. It was inquired that subjects were mainly obtained information about drugs from pharmacist and television (or radio) advertisement, 33.5% and 33.1%, respectively. In the examination for existence of long-term administrators in their family, 'none' and 'only parents' are 49.6% and 37.3%, respectively. When their parents have illness, the persons go to drugstore and hospital for heath-care, 47.8% and 44.3%, respectively. On the basis of results of this study, we suggest as follows. 1. This study was analyzed data from questionnaires for college students in a part of local areas, so we suggest that the next research should be perform for national-wide students as subjects to generalize the results. 2. It is need more intensive research methodologies such as interview and observation. 3. Additional research is required for knowledge and behaviors of drug uses that will how impact on ones health behavior.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

Objectives : To find an acupuncture point where more exact Surface Electromyography(SEMG) measurement can be drown, through the study of measurement of orbicularis oris. Methods : Of healthy people from 19 to 40 years of age, who did not fall under exclusion criteria (22 males and 22 females), were selected as subjects, after relaxation for 10 minutes, and they were told how to pronounce 'O' and 'U' with their lips puckered. The SEMG figures were measured with attaching disposable electrode on acupuncture point of right-and-left Hwaryo(LI19) and 1 cun away from Seungjang(CV24) on both sides when the subjects pronounced 'O' and 'U'. Results : The average value was highest on left 1 cun away from Seungjang(CV24) in pronouncing 'O' and 'U', and the average SEMG value was higher in the order of right 1 cun away from Seungjang(CV24), right Hwaryo(LI19), left Hwaryo(LI19). Average of the lower orbicularis oris is statistically higher than that of the upper orbicularis oris, which has significant meaning. However, there was no significant difference when compared by pronunciation. Average of percentage mark of differences of right-and-left measured value of each pronunciation and each acupuncture point : Pronounced 'O' and the upper part of orbicularis oris: $16.76{\pm}11.29%$, pronounced 'O' and the lower part of orbicularis oris: $22.41{\pm}12.92%$, pronounced 'U' and the upper part of orbicularis oris: $17.10{\pm}9.89%$, pronounced 'U' and the lower part of orbicularis oris : $19.20{\pm}10.82%$. Conclusion : The difference of pronunciation will not affect the results in SEMG measurement. In addition, the average of the lower orbicularis oris is statistically and significantly higher than that of the upper orbicularis oris.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.137-144
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• 2020

Delirium is among the most common mental disorders encountered in patients with a temporary cognitive impairment such as consciousness disorder, attention disorder, and poor speech, particularly among those who are older. Delirium is distressing for patients and families, can interfere with the management of symptoms such as pain, and is associated with increased elderly mortality. The purpose of this paper is to generate useful clinical knowledge that can be used to distinguish the outcomes of patients with delirium in long-term care facilities. For this purpose, we extracted the clinical classification knowledge associated with delirium using a local covering rule acquisition approach with the rough lower approximation region. The clinical applicability of the proposed method was verified using data collected from a prospective cohort study. From the results of this study, we found six useful clinical pieces of evidence that the duration of delirium could more than 12 days. Also, we confirmed eight factors such as BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index, hospitalization path, nutrition deficiency, infection, sleep disturbance, bed scores, and diaper use are important in distinguishing the outcomes of delirium patients. The classification performance of the proposed method was verified by comparison with three benchmarking models, ANN, SVM with RBF kernel, and Random Forest, using a statistical five-fold cross-validation method. The proposed method showed an improved average performance of 0.6% and 2.7% in both accuracy and AUC criteria when compared with the SVM model with the highest classification performance of the three models respectively.