• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.2002-2011
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the levels of physical function (ADL, IADL) and to reveal its association with the related factors in the elderly people. The study subjects were 1,756 (male 872, female 884) people aged over 70 who received medical check-ups and long-term care services between 2009 and 2012 from the National Health Insurance Corporation. As a result, the distribution of impaired ADL and IADL increased significantly with age. Logistic regression showed that the risk ratio of impaired ADL was increased significantly in the following groups: female, urban, low weight, stroke history group, smoking, alcohol drinking, and not regular exercise group. The risk ratio of an impaired IADL were increased significantly in the group of females, low weight, smoking, alcohol drinking. On the other hand the risk ratio of an impaired ADL and IADL was similar in each age group. As above results, the levels of ADL and IADL in the study subjects are closely related to the socio-demographic characteristics and health related behaviors. In particular, they suggested that the levels of ADL and IADL were lower in the poor group of the health-related behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and regular exercise.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1920-1927
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• 2015

This study examined health insurance costs of occupational therapy in stroke patients. The subjects were stroke patients, who underwent occupational therapy by hospitalization or out-patient centers in 2010. The cost of occupational therapy was analyzed from the insurance claims data of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in 2010. The kinds of occupational therapy were divided according to the insurance fee of occupational therapy in 2010. In-patients who received occupational therapy paid the highest rehabilitation treatment fee, whereas outpatients paid the highest nervous system function test fee. The cost of occupational therapy in the special rehabilitation treatment fee was highest by 25.3 billion won. The number of uses of general hospitals was the highest by 180 thousand but the total cost of long-term care hospital was highest by 10.4 billion won. The number of uses and cost by regional groups was highest in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. This study is meaningful in that a cost analysis of occupational therapy in stroke patients was performed for the first time using the stroke data from the whole country. The result can be used to provide basic data to improve the insurance fee in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.253-261
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• 2016

This study discusses the effective management of mixed-ages classes in kindergarten. For the study, 300 kindergarten teachers in charge of mixed classes for regular courses completed a self-reported questionnaire through a web survey. The data were analyzed by chi-square test and presented by frequency and percentage. Mixed-ages classes had relatively fewer children than one-age classes and they were prevalent in public kindergartens and rural areas. The results were as follows. First, mixed-ages classes were induced by the small number of young children. Second, teachers managed their classes with difficulty due to the lack of supporting staff and few chances for additional teaching training. Third, teachers needed supporting human resources for their teaching and administration assistances. About 23.0% of kindergartens received assistance such as additional training, financial assistance, and consulting supervision from related institutions. The study results suggested the challenges in regulations of age ratio in mixed-ages class, additional teaching training for teachers in mixed-ages classes and replacement of mixed-ages class to same age class as the long-term plan.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.270-281
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• 2010

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is necessary to neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for survival and growth because of impossible of enteral feeding. Long-term TPN can be associated with a broad spectrum of hepatobiliary disorder, ranging from mild hepatic dysfunction to severe end-stage liver disease. Cholestasis developed most commonly in neonate, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is widely used in adult with cholestatic and non-cholestatic liver diseases but there have been limited data on the effects in neonate with PNAC. This study was performed retrospectively to review all medical histories of the total 30 neonates with was administrated UDCA for treatment to parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) at Chungbuk National University Hospital NICU from April 2002 to December 2008. UDCA was administrated at bilirubin is over 2 mg/dl. The criterias for drug evaluation were included hepatic biochemical marker such as direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT, TPN therapy period, cholestasis development period, UDCA treatment period, UDCA dosage and adverse effect. In the results, Post-UDCA treatment significant was decreased direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST and ALP (p<0.05), and was decreased GGT (p>0.05) and slightly was increased ALT (p>0.05). Reffective timect biDCA was appear at mean $10.5{\pm}1.3$ days, iDCA administration period was mean $64.4{\pm}5.9$ days, cholestasis period was mean $71.9{\pm}6.4$ days and UDCA dosage was mean $22.9{\pm}0.9$ mg/kg/day. Common adverse effects is diarrhea, 5 patients arised mild diarrhea but it possible also related with increased enteral feeding. In conclusion, iDCA can decrease direct bilirubin that major parameter t bcholestasis and oher hepatic biochemical makers. UDCA is effective on PNAC without any serious side effect and cost-effective. Although no greatly shortening cholestasis period, but can protect to develop into severe liver disease and other complication or death. Based on these result, UDCA is recommended for treatment of cholestasis at direct bilirubin is over 2 mg/dl.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1118-1122
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• 1996

From January 1990 through December 1995, 43 patients underwent diaphragmatic plication for the management of phrenic nerve palsy .complicating various pediatric cardiovascular surgery. Their mean age at plication was 11.1 months and sex ratio was 31 males to 12 females. In order of decreasing incidence, the primary cardiovascular procedures included modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (7), total correction for the Tetralogy of Falloff (7), arterial switch operation (6), unifocalization for the pulmonary atresia with VSD (3), modified Fontan operation (3), VSD patch closure (3) and others. The involved sides of diaphragm were right in 17, left in 2) and bilateral in 3. Extensive pericardial resection with electocauterization of resected margin was thought to be the most common cause of phrenic nerve palsy (20). The interval between primary operation and plication ranged from the day of operation to 98 days (median 11 days). The methods of plication were central pleating technique(plication with phrenic nerve branch preservation) in 41, and other technique In 2. 10 patients died after plication (7: early, 3; late), and the causes of death were thought to be unrelated to plication itself. Among the 36 early survivors, extubation or cessation of positive pressure ventilation could be accomplished between 1 and 24 days postoperatively(mean : 4.5). Cumulative follow-up was 92 patient years without major complications. Postoperative follow-up fluoroscopy was performed in 6 patients, and the location and movement of plicated diaphragms were satisfactory in 5 patients. We concluded that diaphragmatic plication with preservation of phrenic n rve branch could lead to cessation of positive pressure ventilation and complete recovery of diaphragmatic function in the long term, unless the phrenic nerve was irreversibly damaged.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-144
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• 2002

This longitudinal quasi-experimental research was conducted to develop parent role education program and to evaluate the effect of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their healthy mothers. The sample consisted of eighteen mother-infant dyads for intervention group and sixteen dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th in 1999 to Jun 20th in 2000. The intervention group received programmed education consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting care. But control group were collected data without programmed education. In this study, the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale(NCATS) devised by Barnard was used to determine the mother-infant interaction, HOME was used to determine the childrearing environment, and Griffiths mental development scale was used to determine the infant development. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win using chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. This study was focused on the results of twelve months time point. Summaries of the results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in mother-infant interaction(NCATS) between intervention group and control group. But both of two groups showed significantly higher in interaction score at twelve months than at six months in the subscales of social-emotional growth fostering, and responsiveness to caregiver. 2. There was no significant difference in childrearing environment(HOME) between two groups at twelve months. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of maternal involvement with child(p=.001), and maternal emotional-verbal responsivity(p=.048). 3. There was no significant difference in GQ of the Griffiths mental development scale between two groups, although significant difference was found in performance subscale. 4. Infant development at twelve months showed significant correlation with mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at six months, although mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at twelve months did not show significant correlations with infant development at twelve months. 5. Developmental scores at six months showed significant correlations with variety in daily stimulation, and mother's emotional, verbal responsivity, whereas developmental scores at twelve months showed significant correlations with acceptance of child behavior at six months, and appropriate play material at twelve months. In conclusion, the maternal education program for primipara showed long term effect in some categories in organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. We suggest further study and implications of parent role education program for high risk parents such as parents in low economic status or with premature babies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 1996

Long-term hemodialysis(HD) patients manifest various signs of protein and caloric malutrition due to poor intake of nutrients and other causes. Poor nutritional status increases the mortality and morbidity rates in HD patients. Thus, mataintnance of adequate nutritional status has been a major task in taking care of patients receiving HD. This study was to evaluate the nutritional status of HD patients and to clarify the degree of nutritional deficit based on usual dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Sixty HD patients comprised a HD group, while the control group consisted of 60 healthy adults whose age and sex matched those of the HD group. Nutritional status was evaluated by dietrary intake using instant nutritional scale, anthropometric measures, serum protein concentrations and the number of lymphocytes. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test and unpaired t-test. The results are as follows. 1. Regarding usual dietary intake of HD group. 1) Estimated caloric intake was significantly lower than the recommended daily allowance(RDA) and among them, 35% were taking calories less than 85% of the RDA. 2) Estimated protein intake was significantly higher than the RDA and among them 40% were taking protein more than 115% of the RDA. 3) Estimated fat intake was lower than the RDA. 4) Vitamin A, B, $B_1,\;B_2$, C and niacin in take was lower than the RDA respectively. 5) Estimated ferrous intake was within the normal limit the RDA while estimated calcium intake was higher than the RDA. 6) Both calorie and protein intake were higher for the 10 patients who had been under continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis than for the patients under HD from the beginning. 2. Regarding anthropometric measures : 1) Body mass index(BMI), midarm circumference(MAC), and triceps skinfold thickness(TSF) were lower in the HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 47.1% were within the normal limit of BMI, while 86.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, 35.0% were within the normal limit of MAC, while 83.3% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, only 8.3% were normal, 30.3% were mild deficit status of TSF, while 50% were normal and 48.3% were mild deficit status in the control group. 3. Regarding biochemical laboratory tests 1) Albumin, transferrin concentrations and the number of lymphocytes were lower in HD group than in the control group. 2) Among HD group, 98.3% were within the normal limit of albumin concentration and all were within the same limit in the control group. 3) Among HD group, only 11.7% were within the normal limit of transferrin concentration, while 81.7% were within the same limit in the control group. 4) Among HD group, 25% were within the normal limit, while 93.3% were within the same limit in the control group. The above findings suggest that HD patients were in nutritional deficit status. Adequate diet therapy and periodical evaluation of the nutritional status in HD patients are needed. Accordingly, it turned out that anthropometric measures were very reliable parameters and easy to use to evaluate nutritional status. So nurses are encouraged to adopt anthropometric measures to examine nutritional deficit status of HD patients.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.791-801
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting the intent of re-employment of inactive registered nurses. This study presents a secondary analysis of data collected in 'Nurse Turnover On-line Survey' by Korean Nurses Association and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2014. The analysis shows that 70.9% of inactive RNs has an intent to return to practice, and most of them preferred 'flexible working options' (47.8%) or 'fixed day shifts' (43.3%) as a work pattern. Main reasons for resigning from their last job have been found to be 'high work intensity' (18.8%) and 'difficulties of night shifts' (16.7%). Inactive married RNs who have working histories in a general hospital or a long-term care hospital or have preferences for traditional shift works showed a stronger intent to return to practice than their reference group. Our study shows that, for inactive RNs to return to practice, it is recommendable to adopt various non-traditional working patterns, to make a staffing distribution considering the labor intensity and to develop education programs designed to increase RNs' professional satisfaction.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.562-570
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• 2008

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a group of hereditary defects of enamel, unassociated with any other generalized defects. It is classified into 14 subtypes according to different clinical and genetic features. According to its clinical features, it is classified into hypoplastic type, hypocalcified type and hypomaturation type. However, these features tend to co-exist often. Dental features associated with amelogenesis imperfecta include quantitative and qualitative enamel deficiencies, pulpal calcification, root malformations, abnormal eruption, impaction of permanent teeth, progressive resorption of root and crown, congenital missing teeth and anterior and posterior open bite occlusions. The first case patient is a 16 month-old child with discoloration of deciduous teeth. All of her deciduous and permanent dentition has shown amelogenesis imperfecta. The restorational, orthodontic and recent prosthodontic treatments have been completed. Another patient is a 9 year and 3 month-old child with amelogenesis imperfecta in both deciduous and permanent dentition. The restoration has been done and the prosthodontic treatment is planned after the completion of growth. Above cases indicate that amelogenesis imperfecta occurs both in deciduous and permanent dentition, and it requires the long term treatment and care.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.119-141
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• 2016

This study analyzed on the basis of the norms and experience the Seongnam youth dividend ordinance. Youth dividend pros in the normative dimension to understand in order to achieve social justice. Further, youth dividend can replace the existing policy. On the other hand, the opposite of youth dividend is pointed out that the policy is ambiguous without morally justifiable. Also it has been pointed out inefficiencies means. Youth dividend Pros empirical dimension is a social considerations measures, there is a need for innovation by the failure of existing measures. On the other hand, youth dividend opposed to target efficiency is low, and that the problem is often to the contents of the salary. Because both sides are too contrast, consensus is difficult, can be political point of view is a significant impact. The basic income is a new thought experiment for human self-realization. Therefore, the production social welfare policy personality is a different policy science. That is, it is a long-term care social policy that requires a holistic life support. In addition, a non-empirical policy that requires a material support for the substantial freedom. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the philosophical meaning than scientific evaluation of traditional policy aiming to realize autonomous life. Therefore, radio waves of basic income through the welfare politics and exercise is still important strategy.