• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2011

Objectives : To estimate the shelf-life by long-term storage test of Pyungwi-san. Methods : Experiments were conducted to evaluate the stability such as the selected physicochemical, heavy metal, microbilogical experiment under an acceleration test and long-term storage test of Pyungwi-san in different storage under room temperature, refrigeration and freezing. Futhermore, HPLC analysis was performed for the determinations of glycyrrhizin in the Pyungwi-san on an Inertsil ODS-3 column(250 mm ${\times}$ 4.6 mm, 5 um) using solvent 35% acetonitrile include 0.05% phosphoric acid at 254 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results : The significant change was not showed in pH, heavy metal, microbiological, identification test and quantitative analysis based on acceleration test and long-term storage test. Retention time of glycyrrhizin in HPLC chromatogram was about 16.065 min and calibration curve showed good linearity($R^2$ = 0.9999). The contents of glycyrrhizin in acceleration test and long-term storage test were 0.068~0.076 mg/mL and 0.066~0.077 mg/mL, respectively. Shelf-lifes of room temperature, refrigeration and freezing by long-term storage test were predicted 41, 24 and 34 months, respectively. Conclusions : The suggested shelf-life would be helpful on the storage and distribution of herbal medicine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.868-872
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the long term effects of dehulled soybean meal (DHSM) as fish meal (FM) replacer in the diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, for 42 wk at a commercial fish farm. The four experimental diets were MP (moist pellet based on raw fish), $DHSM_0$ (fish meal based dry pellet), $DHSM_{30}$ (30% fish meal was replaced by DHSM) and COMD (commercial dry pellet). Fish were fed one of the four diets containing 50% crude protein and 16.7 kJ available energy/kg diet for 42 wk. Fish averaging $3.20{\pm}0.04g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were initially distributed to each tank as a group of 6,000 fish reared in a flow-through system. At the end of the experiment, average body weight of fish was $315{\pm}9.3g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) ). Weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed MP, DHSM0 and DHSM30 showed no significant difference among the diet treatments. However, WG and FE of fish fed MP were significantly higher than those of fish fed COMD (p<0.05). Specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival of fish fed all diets were not significantly different among the dietary treatments. Therefore, these results indicate that DHSM could replace up to 30% white fish meal with amino acid supplementation in olive flounder diets for long-term feeding practice at the commercial farm.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.695-723
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• 2018

Recently, extreme weather due to climate change has become more frequent, and increase of fine dust has worsen air quality in Korea. Therefore, not only negative perception on coal-fired power generation is dominant, but also the social acceptance of nuclear power generation declines. This study aims at deriving consumer preferences on the mid and long term power mix with various energy sources. Willingness to pay for each generation source was estimated and the preference heterogeneity of consumers was examined by using mixed logit and latent class models. Mixed logit estimation results show that the preference heterogeneity of consumers is especially large for the nuclear power relative to renewable or coal energy. According to the estimation results from the latent class model, group 1 prefers renewable energy while group 2 prefers coal energy. Group 3 shows lexicographic preference which means restricted rationality. As for the policy implication, it is necessary to understand the preference heterogeneity of consumer groups in planning the mid to long term power mix.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the long term effect of a pleasantly designed interior on pro-saptial behavior. For pleasantly designed interior, the existing interior was remodeled through the change of finishing materials for major architectural elements such as wall, floor and ceiling, and changes of furniture and it's arrangement . Pro-spatial behavior was operationalized as seat arranging behavior and measured through the arranged condition and observable arranging behavior. Time-series design, one of quasi-experimental design was used. The data in this study were extracted from an existing field experimental research. Five hundred survey video tapes record during 2 years period were used. In conclusion, the pleasantly designed environment has a long term effect on the pro-spatial behavior change . While self-centered pro-spatial was improved continuously and even reinforced , altruistic pro-spatial behavior was improved but diminished as time passed. There were no differences in the effect between male and female children. The result of the research provide scientific background of an answer to why Interior Design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.48-49
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• 1995

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.175-176
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.772-781
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• 2010

In this study, a revegetation reinforced earth retaining wall to strengthen the strength than construction and make up for the weakness; eco-friendly part, of the existing facilities is new construction method. The special attention is that Eco-Metal reinforced retaining wall is not use concret. Before test construction on the scene, the stability of Eco-Metal reinforced retaining wall was checked by an experiment with a model and numerical analysis. The result of an experiment with a model was that the loaded tensile stress 40.2KN/m was more than long-term design tensile strength 29.4KN/m at Geogrid and a safety factor of numerical analysis was 1.14.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.481.1-481.1
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• 2014

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been extensively investigated as the next generation energy source. Despite attractive features of simple fabrication process and its economical efficiency, there are some problems such as low efficiency and low long-term stability. Many groups have attempted the proposed way to improve the cell efficiency and long-term stability such as low recombination rate between $TiO_2$ surface and electrolyte, the development of new dye molecules capable of light adsorption as broadly as possible, the fabrication of a solid-state DSSC by replacing the liquid electrolyte, and protective coating on glass. In this work, we confirmed new dye-coating conditions to maximize the dye adsorption between the dye and $TiO_2$ nanoparticle surface. The experiment results coating conditions with the coating temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, the dye concentration of 10 mM and the coating time of 3 min. Conditions have two times, three times cycle the experiment in progress efficiency rises.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2007

In this study, for the establishment of the performance evaluation methods of repair material and method for reinforced concrete structure and the quality control standards of durability recovery method, the quantitative exposure data by exposure experiment under the coastal and normal atmosphere environment is accumulated and analyzed. Investigating and evaluating the result of exposure experiment during 54 months of exposure age under the coastal and normal atmosphere environment, Micro crack, swelling and spatting of surface coating material, crack of repair boundary parts and the great potential difference between repair part and non-repair part were somewhat generated. And the result shown that exposure specimen of coastal environment had lower electrode potential than exposure specimen of normal atmosphere environment.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2009

The present study was set to evaluate the effect of pomegranate extracts on improvement of the menopausal syndromes such as face flushing in ovariectomized rats by carrying out short- and long-term experiments. Pomegranate extracts used to feed rats were prepared from the pulp part which does not contain the rid of the pomegranate, and were dissolved in propylene glycol. From the short-term (16 days) experiment, it was clear that when the 25, 250, 1,250 mg/kg/day concentrations of pomegranate extracts were orally fed to ovariectomized rats, the body temperature of the rats in all the 3 groups were decreased with statistical significance compared to other control groups which were fed with propylene glycol only. Especially, the body temperature decreased by $2.7^{\circ}C$ compared to control groups even when the pomegranate extracts were fed at the low concentration of 25 mg/kg/day implying the usefulness of pomegranate extracts in improving face flushing troubles. In addition, the body weight of the groups fed with pomegranate extracts also decreased when compared to groups fed with only propylene glycol, and the results were also statistically significant. In case of the estradiol level in the blood of rats, the levels were somewhat higher in the groups fed with pomegranate extracts than the control groups, even though the difference was not statistically significant. As found from the results of the short-term experiment, in long-term experiment, the groups fed with pomegranate extracts showed statistically significant decrease in the body temperature and the body weight, whereas the increase of the estradiol levels in blood in each groups were statistically insignificant. During the short- and long-term experiments, no sign of toxicity was found in rats fed with pomegranate extracts indicating no toxic side effects of the pomegranate extracts when orally fed. The concentrations of pomegranate extracts 25, 250, 1250 mg/kg/day treated to ovariectomized rats in this study can be estimated to be 1.5, 15, and 75 g/day when treated to women whose body weight is 60 kg which is average for women with menopausal syndromes. Since even the 75 g/day of high concentration of pomegranate extracts did not show any toxicity in short- and long-term experiments, taking 1.5 g/day concentration of pomegranate extracts would be safe dose for not causing any side effects. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results of this study that taking 1.5 g/day of pomegranate extracts for certain period time will improve the menopausal syndromes including face flushing.