• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.313-314
• /
• 2006

Indicating product quantity by real time can be benefit both worker and management. Worker can compare real product quantity with its target and can adjust working speed to match with goal. Therefore, so called JPH equipment developed to indicate target quantity of product. As a main processor PIC16F877 was used and FND display were used to indicate current time, elapsed time, JPH value and target amount of product. Values like JPH and starting time, etc. are can easily be set by $4{\times}4$ numeric keypad and display datum likes target amount of product, current time and elapsed time, etc are displayed on FND by RS232 serial transmit. The operation of JPH equipment are tested and verified through long term test and are proved acting properly on working conditions.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.269-295
• /
• 2011

This paper is about the part-time work and related polices in Netherland, which increased the employment rate for the past 30 years with part-time job creation. Netherland has been successful in making part-time 'good' jobs. There were many factors which contributed to increaing part-time jobs such as market, institution, policies, and industrial relations. There was virtuous cycle between increase in the supply of female labor power and increase in the demand for part-time worker in the labor market. The policies were reinforced which protect part-time workers, introduced the incentive system which was favorable to part-time wokres, guaranteed the right to select working hours to workers. Particularly, the labor market, institutions and policies were created in the midst of the social dialogue. As the polder model has been persisted for almost 30 years, the switch to full-time work or long working-hour model would not be possible. As the poler model is a very specific model based on the Netherland's own social conditions, it is not easy to copy and transplant in other countries.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.19-37
• /
• 2013

From the perspective of labor welfare, forty-hour-a-week working system:(FWS) has been an important goal throughout world, and in fact, advanced countries implemented this a long time ago. However, there are differences in opinions concerning FWS; some people emphasizes the improvement in life quality, while others point out that this measure increases the cost of wages and has limited effectiveness. Thus, discussions about the success of FWS have emerged from diverse perspectives; One thing that should be made clear before debating FWS is that reducing laborers' working hours is already a global trend, and Korea, also intends to extend it. Therefore, in order to maximize the benefits resulting from the execution of the system and to identify measures that can be used to solve the problems related to FWS, it is necessary to consider actual laborers' use of leisure resources and whether they have increased or decreased as a result of FWS. It is also necessary to look at the differences in workers' leisure activity with and without the system. To evaluate and diagnose FWS's political effect from the perspective of laborers' leisure satisfaction and improvements in life quality, this study examines differences in leisure expenses, leisure hours, use of and demand for leisure resources such as leisure space, and types of leisure activity, according to the execution of FWS, This research is based on the "2012 Survey on National Leisure Activity" conducted by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. In addition, through analysis of the differences in leisure satisfaction and happiness levels, the study intends to confirm the necessity of executing FWS and ensuring that the system is in use. The study results can be briefly summed up as followa:: First, regarding the general findings of the study, a significant result was shown in terms of the execution of FWS according to income level. The finding that the execution of FWS works differently according to the working environment or life quality reassures us of the common notion in society that working environment or life quality may differ in relation to social characteristics. The utility of weekday leisure hours did not indicate a statistically significant difference, but in terms of weekend leisure hours, laborers practicing FWS had an additional 30 minutes of leisure time than those who did not. Furthermore, regarding leisure expenses, laborers practicing FWS indicated more monthly average leisure expenses or expected leisure expenses. In relation to leisure activity, those working at a company executing FWS engaged in culture and art activities more frequently than those working at the companies that did not. On the other hand, those working at companies without FWS indicated more hobbies, amusement activities, rest, and other activities than those working at the companies with FWS. In terms of vacation experience, those working at companies with FWS had more vacation time than those working at companies without it; on average, they had longer vacations by 1.64 days. Regarding their leisure life satisfaction and happiness level, those working at companies with FWS indicated higher satisfaction and greater happiness than those working at companies without it. The findings mentioned above represent the preliminary results of this paper, and the remainder of the research will provide more detailed analysis results and suggestions corresponding to them.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.114-114
• /
• 2014

We present our activities linking to planning of possible forms of large program to study on circumstellar H2O and SiO maser sources with KaVA. A great advantage of KaVA for the stellar maser observations is the combination of the unique capability of the multi-frequency phase referencing technique of KVN and the dual-beam astrometry of VERA with the KaVA's relative dense antenna configuration. We have demonstrated this advantage through the test observations conducted by the KaVA Evolved Stars Sub-working Group since 2012 March. Snapshot KaVA imaging is confirmed to be possible in integration time of 0.5 hour at the 22 GHz band and 1.0 hour at the 43 GHz band in typical cases. This implies that large snapshot imaging surveys towards many H2O and SiO stellar masers are possible within a reasonable machine time (e.g., scans on ~100 maser sources within 200 hours). This possibility enables us to select the maser sources, which are suitable for future long-term (10 years) intensive (biweekly-monthly) monitoring observations, from 1000 potential target candidates selected from dual-frequency band (K/Q-bands) KVN single-dish observations. The output of the survey programs will be used for statistical analysis of the structures of individual stellar maser clumps and the spatio-kinematical structures of circumstellar envelopes with accelerating outflows. The combination of astrometry in milliarcsecond(mas) level and the multi-phase referencing technique yields not only trigonometric parallax distances to the masers but also precise position reference for registration of different maser lines. The accuracy of the map registration affects interpretation of the excitation mechanism of the SiO maser lines and the origin of the variety of the maser actions, which are expected to reflect periodic behaviors of the circumstellar envelope with stellar pulsation. Currently we are checking the technical feasibility of KaVA operations for this combination. After this feasibility test, the long-term monitoring campaign program will run as one of KaVA's legacy projects.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2008

This study generally was examined and grasped the working environment of dental hygienist working dental hospitals(clinics) located in the Gwangju area. The findings of the research were listed in the following: First, regarding the total work experience of subjects, less than 36 month accounted for the most percentage(39.9%). According to a working place, more than 61 month accounted for 50.0% in general hospitals, less than 36 month for 51.3% in dental hospitals and less than 36 month for 39.9% in dental clinics(p < 0.001). Secondly, regarding working day by working place, 5 days accounted for 95.0% in general hospitals and for 82.1% in dental hospitals and more than 6 days for 97.7% in dental clinics. Regarding a working hour, more than 9 hours accounted for 85.0% in general hospitals, 92.1% in dental hospitals, and 63.2% in dental clinics(p < 0.001). Thirdly, regarding special and differential treatment for long-term workers by working place, giving an allowance accounted for 50.0% in general hospitals, opportunities for holiday, travel and promotion opportunity for 56.4% in dental hospitals, and no special and differential treatment for 56.8% in dental clinics(p < 0.001). Fourthly, regarding monthly net pay associated with the total working years, less than 1.10 million won accounted for 60.6% in less than 36 month, 1.31~1.60 million won for 41.5% in 37~60 month, 1.31~1.60 million won for 42.0% in more than 61 month(p < 0.001).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.339-350
• /
• 2017

In December 2014, the study analyzed the wage level of Long-term Care Facilities reported by the National Health Insurance Organization Database. From 2008 to 2014, 1,231.357 people in Korea were acquired qualification for care worker. This study tries to the wage of 1,221,085 care workers. We found out that 91.3% of all are women, and 41% out of care worker qualification were between 50-59 years old. And only 14.8% were employed as care workers. About 73.2% of the nursing care workers had less than 3 years of service at the current job, and their wages were 129.2 million won per month for Nursing Home and 6,421 won per hour for the home care center. In order to investigate care workers, it needs to distinguish between Nursing Home and home care center, and it was also confirmed that wage increases was not reached. In addition, we can question the effect of improvement allowance for better working condition, and suggest fundamental problems for care workers' wage and status.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.3860-3871
• /
• 1975

This experiment was carried out to establish the mechanized methods in stumping and root-clearing, which were the most important works in the reclamation of sloping uplands. The determination of optimum teeth interval of rake blades and its operation methods to reduce the quantity of transported topsoil during the works, are the aims of this investigation. A newly designed rake blade, whose net teeth intervals could be regulated by three stages as 15cm, 25cm, and 35cm, was manufactured to attach to the bulldozer of 13ton. The experiments were carried out at Kilsang-Myon, Kwangwha-Gun, from Aug. 9 to Aug. 23, 1975. For each interval, 36 test plots of 50${\times}$10mn in size, which were regulated under three levels of land slopes of 10, 20, and 30% and two different tree stand density of high or medium values, were randomly chosen and arranged by two-replicated split-split plot design. Each stump classified by its diameter was stumped and cleared by the rake dozer to be related between diameter and stumping time. The results obtained in this experiment can be summarized as follows: 1. Stumping times for the diameters ranging from 6 to 18cm of stumps are almost the same and they are not varied by the difference of teeth intervals of rake dozer. 2. By back-ward stumping method, the number of stumps which can be stumped per hour ranges almost from 100 to 170, showing significant difference with respect to the teeth intervals. The working area is sharply varied with not only the stand density of stumps but the teeth intervals. 3. Optimum stumping distance for each teeth interval of rake dozer to minimize the quantity of transported topsoil are varied with such the rates as it is 15m or 20m for 15cm of teeth interval, but 25m for 25cm or 35cm, respectively. The clearing distance could be chosen almost double as long as the operating distance. 4. The working areas per hour of the simultaneous stumping and clearing methods are no significant difference among the various treatments of working conditions, but they are affected by the operating techniques. However, the influencing factors of the working conditions as classified before and the working directions are ranged from 10 to 15 per cent of total working area, respectively. 5. The residual rates of stumps which are not stumped by the rake dozer in each test plot are generally reduced as the teeth interval gets narrower, but there are no significant difference among them. The mean residual rates average to be about 4% for the simultaneous stumping and clearing method. The back-ward stumping method are recommended to be supervised and directed by more than one man, to show the operator where the stumps are located. 6. The results according to the stumping and clearing methods are summarized as Table IV-2. And the selection of working methods is recommended to follow as shown in Fig. IV-9 with respect to the stand density of the field. 7. Generally speaking, the narrower the teeth interval, the better become the working results, but the more the quantity of transported topsoil is increased. Therefore, it is recommended that the teeth interval should be reduced from the present distance of more than 30cm to 25cm or 15cm, by developing suitable working methods through more field works and experiments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.689-699
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This research aimed to investigate the effects of a cognitive rehearsal program (CRP) on workplace bullying among nurses. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed. Participants were 40 nurses working in different university hospitals in B city, South Korea. The experimental group was provided with a 20-hour CRP comprising scenarios on bullying situations, standard communication, and role-playing. To evaluate effects of the CRP, we measured interpersonal relationships, workplace bullying, symptom experience, and turnover intention at preand post-intervention. Follow-up effect was measured in the experimental group only at 4 weeks after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, there were significant differences in interpersonal relationships (F=6.21, p=.022) and turnover intention (F=5.55, p=.024) between experimental and wait-list groups. However, there was no significant difference in workplace bullying or symptom experience between the 2 groups. The beneficial effects on interpersonal relationships and turnover intention lasted at least up to 4 weeks after CRP. Conclusion: The CRP for workplace bullying improves interpersonal relationships and decreases turnover intention. So it can be utilized as one of the personal coping strategies to reduce the the turnover among nurses. Further studies on the effects of unit- or hospital-based CRP and on the long-term effects of CRP are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate cardiovascular risk factors, their interaction, degree of cardiovascular risk and to analyze the effects of related fcators in women workers. Method: A Survey was conducted in 529 employed women in 36 workplaces from October 25, 2002 to December 12, 2002. The survey was distributed and collected by occupational health nurses working at work sites. Result: The result were as followings; The female workers had about 2 cardiovascular risk factors. 82.1% were not exercising more than 3 times a week, 45.9% reported noise-exposure, 38.2% had higher perceived stress, 25.4% were shift-workers, 10.4% were long-time workers(over 60hour/week), 4.4% were frequent drinker, 3.9% were current smokers. The rate of obesity in measured as BMI greater than 25 was 4.0%. Many cardiovascular risk factors were correlated. Job-related and health behavior-related cardiovascular risk factors were correlated statistically. Expose to noise, reported perceived stress were powerful predictors in their degree of cardiovascular risk. Conclusion; Based on the results of this study, cardiovascular prevention programs for women in workplace should be designed as a multifactorial approach, which include stress management and job-related risk factor management as essential components to be effective in addressing the needs of the population.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 2020

The purpose of the study is to investigate infection management status of long term care hospitals and infection prevention knowledge of caregivers. This is descriptive study to investigate the factors affecting caregivers' infection control performance in long term care hospitals. The data collection period was from August, 2018, and a total of 197 caregivers from 8 long term care hospitals. The data analysis were done Win SPSS 20.0 with t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Infection prevention knowledge was positively correlated with infection control performance (p=<.001). The factors influencing performance in a long term care hospital caregivers were over seventy years old (t=2.50, p=.013), eight-hour working time (t=-2.62, p=.010), nursing staffing First grades (t=2.48, p=.014), and infection prevention knowledge (t=2.96 p=.003), which explained 12.9% (F=6.70 p<.001). In summary, we recommend to develop infection education interventions to improve caregivers' infection control performance in long term care hospitals and to improve of the function in long term care hospitals.