• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2017

A new naked oat cultivar, 'Jungmo2005'(Avena nuda L.), was developed for food and forage use by National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010. It was derived from a cross between $F_1$['Early80'/'Gwiri33'] and $F_1$['Early80'/'Gwiri23']. 'Early80', a covered oats, has early heading and high yielding, while 'Gwiri23' of covered type and 'Gwiri33' of naked type has early heading with large-size grain. 'Jungmo2005' has the characteristics of narrow and long leaves of pale green color, middle diameter culm of yellow color and medium grain of whitish yellow color. Cultivar 'Jungmo2005' had 2 days earlier heading date (May 9) than the check cultivar 'Seonyang' (May 11) in field condition. The 'Jungmo2005' showed better winter hardiness than that of the check cultivar, and similar to the check cultivar in respect to lodging resistance. The 'Jungmo2005' had 105 cm of culm length, 21.5 cm of spike length, 658 spikes per $m^2$, 82 grains per spike, 23.3 g of 1,000-grain weight, and 622 g of test weight. The grain yield of 'Jungmo2005' was averaged $3.38MT\;ha^{-1}$, which was 6% higher than that of the check. Average forage fresh and dry matter yield of 'Jungmo2005' harvested at milk-ripe stage were 44.8 and $12.6tone\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, compared with 47.5 and $12.5tone\;ha^{-1}$ of the check. The protein content of the 'Jungmo2005' was similar to the check (7.6% and 7.5%, respectively), while ADF (28.6%) and NDF (51.5%) were lower than the check (31.4% and 57.0%, respectively). TDN content and RFV were higher than those of the check (66.3%, 120.3 and 64.1, 105.2, respectively). 'Jungmo2005' is recommended for fall sowing cropping only in the south area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than $-4^{\circ}C$ in January, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damages is likely to occur. The areas would do better only to sow in spring season.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.170-178
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• 2016

Accuracy and precision of ID methods for different spike isotopes of ⁷⁶Se, ⁷⁷Se, and ⁷⁸Se were compared for the analysis of Selenium using quadrupole ICP/MS equipped with Octopole reaction cell. From the analysis of Se inorganic standard solution, all of three spikes showed less than 1 % error and 1 % RSD for both short-term (a day) and long-term (several months) periods. They showed similar results with each other and ⁷⁸Se showed was a bit better than ⁷⁶Se and ⁷⁷Se. However, different spikes showed different results when NIST SRM 1568a and SRM 2967 were analyzed because of the several interferences on the m/z measured and calculated. Interferences due to the generation of SeH from ORC was considered as well as As and Br in matrix. The results showed similar accuracy and precisions against SRM 1568a, which has a simple background matrix, for all three spikes and the recovery rate was about 80% with steadiness. The %RSD was a bit higher than inorganic standard (1.8 %, 8.6 %, and 6.3 % for ⁷⁸Se, ⁷⁶Se and ⁷⁷Se, respectively) but low enough to conclude that this experiment is reliable. However, mussel tissue has a complex matrix showed inaccurate results in case of ⁷⁸Se isotope spike (over 100 % RSD). ⁷⁶Se and ⁷⁷Se showd relatively good results of around 98.6 % and 104.2 % recovery rate. The errors were less than 5 % but the precision was a bit higher value of 15 % RSD. This clearly shows that Br interferences are so large that a simple mathematical calibration is not enough for a complex-matrixed sample. In conclusion, all three spikes show similar results when matrix is simple. However, ⁷⁸Se should be avoided when large amount of Br exists in matrix. Either ⁷⁶Se or ⁷⁷Se would provide accurate results.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.487-494
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• 2008

An experiment was performed for zone refined Re-filament and normal (nonzone refined) Re-filament to reduce the background effect on the measurement of low level uranium samples. From both filaments, the signals which seemed to come from a cluster of light alkali elements, $(^{39}K_6)^+$, $(^{39}K_5+^{41}K)^+$ and $PbO_2$ were identified as the isobaric effect of the uranium isotopes. The isobaric effect signal was completely disappeared by heating the filament about $2000^{\circ}C$ at < $10^{-7}$ torr of vacuum for more than 1.5 hour in zone refined Refilaments, while that from the normal Re-filaments was not disappeared completely and was still remained as 3 pg. of uranium as the impurities after the degassing treatment was performed for more than 5 hours at the same condition of zone refined filaments. A threshold condition eliminating impurities were proved to be at 5 A and 30 minutes of degassing time. The uranium content as an impurity in rhenium filament was checked with a filament degassing treatment using the U-233 spike by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. A 0.31 ng of U was detected in rhenium filament without degassing, while only 3 pg of U was detected with baking treatment at a current of 5.5 A for 1 hr. Using normal Re-filaments for the ultra trace of uranium sample analysis had something problem because uranium remains to be 3 pg on the filament even though degassed for long hours. If the 1 ng uranium were measured, 0.3% error occurred basically. It was also conformed that ionization filament current was recommended not to be increased over 5.5 A to reduce the background. Finally, the contents of uranium isotopes in uranium standard materials (KRISS standard material and NIST standard materials, U-005 and U-030) were measured and compared with certified values. The differences between them showed 0.04% for U-235, 2% for U-234 and 2% for U-236, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.15
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• pp.1-31
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• 1974

Introducing genes for earliness of wheat varieties is important to develop early varieties in winter wheat. In oder to obtain basic informations on the response of heading to the different day length and temperature treatments and on the inheritance of heading dates, experiments were conducted at the field and greenhouse of the Crop Experiment Station, Suwon. Varieties used in this experiments were, early variety Yecora F70, medium varieties Suke #169, Parker and Yukseung #3, and late varieties Changkwang, Bezostaia, Sturdy and Blueboy. The parents and F$_1$s of partial diallel crosses of above eight varieties were subjected the following four different treatments; 1. high temperature and long day, 2. high temperature and short day, 3. low temperature and long day, and 4. low temperature and short day. The same materials were grown also in field condition. Parents, F$_1$ and F$_2$ generation were grown also in both greenhouse under high temperature and short day and in field. The results obtained were summarized as follow: 1. No effects of temperature and daylength on the number of leaves on the main stem were found when -varieties were vernalized. The number of main stem leaves were fewer for spring type of varieties than for winter type of varieties. 2. The effects of temperature and daylength on the days to flag leaf opening were dependent on the speed of leaf emergence. The speed of leaf emergence were faster for lower leaves than for upper leaves. 3. The response to short day and long day (earliness of narrow sense) of varieties were found to be direct factor responsible to physiology of heading dates in vernalized varieties. Great difference of varieties to heading date was found in high temperature and short day treatment, but less differences were found in high temperature and long day, low temperature and long day and low temperature and short day treatments respectively. The least varietal difference for heading dates was found in the field condition. 4. Changkwang and Parker were found to be the most sensitive to short day treatment (photosensitive) and the heading of these varieties were delayed by short day treatment. No great varietal differences were found among other varieties. 5. Varietal differences of heading dates due to daylength were greater in high temperature than in low temperature. 6. Varietal differences of heading dates due to temperature were not great. but in general the heading dates of varieties were faster under high temperature than under low temperature. 7. Earliness of heading dates was due to partial dominance effect of genes involved in any condition. The degree of dominance was greater under short day than under long day treatment. 8. The varietal differences of heading date under high temperature and long day were due to earliness or narrow sense (response to long day) of varieties. The degree of dominance was greater for Yecora F70, spring type than for other winter type of varieties. No differences or less differences of degree of dominance was found among winter type of varieties. The estimated number of effective factor concerned in the earliness of narrow sense was one pair of allele with minor genes. 9. The insensitivity of varieties to short day treatment in heading dates was due to single dominant gene effect. Under the low temperature the sensitivity of varieties to short day treatment was less apparent. 10. The earliness of short day and long day (earliness of narrow sense) sensitivities of varieties appearea to be due to partial dominance of earliness over lateness. In strict sense, the degree of the dominance should be distinguished. 11. Dominant gene effects were found for the thermo-sensitivity of varieties, and the effect was less, significant than the earliness in narrow sense. 12. One pair of allele, ee and EE, for photosensitivity was responsible for the difference in the heading dates between Changkwang and Suke #169. Two pairs of alleles, ee, enen and EE, EnEn. appeared to be responsible for the difference between Changkwang and Yecora F70. The effects of EE and EnEn were, additive to the earliness and the effects of EE were greater than EnEn under short day. However, the effects of EE were not evident in long day but the effects of EnEn were observed in long day. 13. Two pairs of dominant alleles for the earliness were estimated from the analysis of F$_1$ diallels in the field but the effects of these alleles in F$_2$ were not apparent due to low temperature and short day treatment in early part of growth and high temperature and long day treatment in later part of growth. The F$_2$ population shows continuous variation due to environmental effects and due to other minor gene effects. 14. The heritabilities for heading dates were ranged from 0.51 to 0.72, indicating that the selection in early generation might be effective. The extent of heritability for heading dates varied with environments; higher magnitude of heritability was obtained in short day treatment and high temperature compared with long day and low temperature treatments. The heritabilities of heading date due to response to short day were 0.86 in high temperature and 0.76 in low temperature. The heritabilities of heading date due to temperature were not significantly high. 15. The correlation coefficients of heading dates to the number of grains per spike, weight of 1, 000 grains. and grain yield were positive and high, indicating the difficulties of selections of high yielding lines from early population. But no significant correlation coefficient was obtained between the earliness and the number of spikes, indicating the effective selection for high tillering from early varieties for high yielding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.108-116
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• 2002

This paper presents the measurements and evaluation of voltage waveforms due to human electrostatic discharge(ESD). The principle of operation and design rule of a new device for measuring the ESD fast transient voltages with very fast rise time were described. Peak values and rise time of ESD voltages derived from a charged human body under a variety of experimental conditions were examined. The frequency bandwidth of the proposed voltage measuring system ranges from DC to 400[㎒]. The ESD voltage waveform is nearly equal to the ESD current waveform and the peak amplitude of ESD current waveform is roughly proportional to the ESD voltage in each experimental conditions. A rapid approach results in a discharge voltage with a faster initial rise time than for a slow approach. The voltages caused by direct finger ESDs have an initial slope with a relatively long, 10∼30[ns] rise time, but the amplitude is small. On the other hand, the voltages caused by direct hand/metal ESDs have a steep initial s1ope with 1 ∼3[ns] rise time, but an initial spike is very big. As a consequence, it was found that the ESD voltage and current waveforms strongly depend on the approach speed and material of intruder. These measurement results would be useful to design the ESD protective devices.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2005

Actual vegetation map drown with the scale 1 to 100 and Alnus japonica population in Ja-neup and Woong-neup of the Mujechi moor were described in order to monitor long-termly and preserve permanently, where is a very rare Molinietea moor and a legally protected area. A total of 3036 plots of 5m $\times$ 5m were surveyed during summer 1996. Thiessen polygons of 1491 alder trees were derived from the plot data. Actual vegetation map was illustrated by 6 cover types such as needle spike-rush type, moor-grass type, alder-moor type, eulalia type, oak forest type, and exposed site. Molinia grasses native to the moor and Miscanthus grasses alien to the moor are reciprocally dominant. The area of Molinia grasslands was rapidly in decline and alder population size was dramatically in increase in the moor, particularly in Woong-neup. In Molinietea moor preservation more attention should be focused on the regulation of a nutrient rich soil from forest road and fire.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of injecting cool air from an abandoned mine during the summer time for the growth of Doritaenopsis. The air temperature of abandoned mine in Boryeong was $12{\sim}14^{\circ}C$. The day and night temperatures were set at $22^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively, from June to August in the experimental plastic house. This temperature range was within the suitable range for floral induction in Doritaenopsis. Average outside temperature was $28.4{\sim}32.8^{\circ}C$. The 3% of the crop developed flower stalk in 20 days after the treatment initiation, 65% in 45 days, and 100% in 90 days. The flower stalk length was short (48.7cm) in 30 days and long (62.4cm) in 60 days of treatment. The flower stalk length became longer as time passed. Flower spike and number of florets per stalk displayed the same tendency. Number of nodes was 6~7 and was not affected by the period. The first blooming appeared on 15th of September at 45 days and blooming tended to appear late as the period is lengthened. When the cool air from an abandoned mine was injected, the crop formed flower stalk three months earlier and bloomed four months earlier than the untreated control.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.753-759
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was performed to characterize clinical features of benign convulsions with gastroenteritis(CwG) in infants. Methods : We reviewed clinical features of 67 episodes in 64 patients with afebrile seizure accompanied gastroenteritis admitted to Dept. of Pediatrics Bundang CHA hospital from January 2001 to June 2004. Patients with meningitis, encephalitis/encephalopathy or apparent history of epilepsy were excluded. Results : There were 32 boys and 35 girls. The age of onset ranged from 1 to 42 months($18.5{\pm}6.1$ months). The number of children admitted to the hospital with acute gastroenteritis was 2,887 in the same period. The percentage of patients with CwG was 2.3. Seizure type was exclusively generalized tonic or tonic-clonic seizure. The average number of seizures during a single episode was 3.1 (range, 1-13). Two or more seizures occurred in 53(79.1%) of the 67 episodes. Antiepileptic drugs were administered for 42 episodes. Seizure did not cease after the administration of one kind of antiepileptic drug in 23 episodes(54.7%). The seizures were rather refractory to initial antiepileptic treatment. There were no abnormalities in serum biochemistry test including glucose and electrolytes. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal in all 54 episodes. Stool cultures were negative in 49 episodes. Rotavirus was positive in stools in 51(82.3%) of 62 episodes. Norovirus was positive in stools in 2 episodes and astrovirus in 1 of 18 episodes. CT and/or MRI were performed in 15 cases and demonstrated no neuroradiologic abnormalities. Of 73 Interictal EEG, initial 24 cases showed occasional spike or sharp wave discharges from the mid-line area during stage I-II sleep, which were apparently differentiated from vertex sharp transient or K-complexes. The mean follow-up period was 5.7 months(1-36 months). Three patients experienced a recurrence of CwG, but all patients exhibited normal psychomotor development at the last follow-up. Conclusion : Afebrile infantile convulsions with gastroenteritis are brief generalized seizure in cluster with normal laboratory findings and good prognosis. Therefore CwG is likely to be categorized as situation-related seizure of special syndrome. Recognition of this entity should lead to assurance of the parents and long-term anticonvulsant therapy is not usually warranted.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

To identify the potential area of gas hydrate in the Ulleung Basin, 2-D and 3-D seismic surveys using R/V Tamhae II were conducted in 2005 and 2006. Seismic survey equipment consisted of navigation system, recording system, streamer cable and air-gun source. For reliable velocity analysis in a deep sea area where water depths are mostly greater than 1,000 m and the target depth is up to about 500 msec interval below the seafloor, 3-km-long streamer and 1,035 $in^3$ tuned air-gun array were used. During the survey, a suite of quality control operations including source signature analysis, 2-D brute stack, RMS noise analysis and FK analysis were performed. The source signature was calculated to verify its conformity to quality specification and the gun dropout test was carried out to examine signature changes due to a single air gun's failure. From the online quality analysis, we could conclude that the overall data quality was very good even though some seismic data were affected by swell noise, parity error, spike noise and current rip noise. Especially, by checking the result of data quality enhancement using FK filtering and missing trace restoration technique for the 3-D seismic data inevitably contaminated with current rip noises, the acquired data were accepted and the field survey could be conducted continuously. Even in survey areas where the acquired data would be unsuitable for quality specification, the marine seismic survey efficiency could be improved by showing the possibility of noise suppression through onboard data processing.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.411-422
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• 2024

Naked oat is particularly vulnerable to cold weather among cereal crops, and frequent lodging due to their long culm length. Also it is difficult to cultivate in double cropping system with rice because of late maturity in Korea. In this study, we charaterized 71 naked oat germplasms including two control varieties with agronomic traits, to select superior resources and use them for the improvement of exsiting varieties. The maturity date was May 26th for 'Joyang' and June 1st for 'Daeyang', and there were 5 resources including IT302003, which was earlier than Daeyang. In the case of culm length, the distribution ranged from 62 to 124 cm, and there were 13 resources, including IT209241, that were shorter than 'Joyang' (84 cm) and 'Daeyang' (83 cm). In correlation analysis of agronomic traits, the highest positive correlation (r=0.89) was observed between days to heading and days to maturity. In addition, culm length and spike length (r=0.72) and days to heading (r=0.50) showed a positive correlation. However, Barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV) and grain yield (r=-0.30), lodging tolerance and liter weight (r=-0.37) showed a negative correlation. Cluster analysis, resources with similar traits such as liter weight, husk ratio, days to heading, and days to maturing were subclassified. Through this analysis, 6 resources, including IT302002 (X345-1-B4-20-1), which had short culm length, early maturity, and cold tolerance compared to 'Joyang' and 'Daeyang', were selected. Among the selected excellent resources, the avenanthramide content of the four resources was IT302002 (325.18 ㎍/g), K000010 (557.3㎍/g), K253299 (447.33 ㎍/g), and K253301 (440.49 ㎍/g), respectively, which was higher than 'Daeyang' (301.97 ㎍/g). These excellent resources will be used as breeding materials for the development of new varieties in the future.