• 토지주택연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

현존하는 단열재 중 가장 열전도율이 낮은 진공단열재(VIP; Vacuum Insulation Panel)는 특수한 재질의 외피재(Envelope)와 외피재 내부의 심재(Core Material), 그리고 단열재 내부의 공기를 흡착하는 흡착제(Getter)로 구성되어 있고, 단열성능을 극대화하기 위해 내부를 진공처리한 제품이다. 진공단열재의 외피재는 알루미늄 박막 필름이 주로 사용되며, 진공단열재의 수명 및 신뢰성을 결정하는 중요한 소재이다. 본 연구를 통하여 불연성이 확보된 Fiber Glass 심재 진공단열재의 방화성능 및 단열성능 확인과 함께 건축적인 적용가능성을 검토하였으며 그 내용을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1) 20mm 두께의 Fiber Glass 심재 진공단열재의 열전도율이 0.00177W/m·K로, 두께 20mm로 지역별, 부위별 강화된 단열기준을 모두 충족할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 2) 진공단열재에 대한 불연성능시험과 가스유해성시험 결과, 불연재료로 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 3) 불연 진공단열재의 장기내구성 시험결과, 25년이 지나더라도 스치로폼 및 유리섬유에 비해 10배 이상의 단열성능을 유지할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 4) 건물의 외벽 열관류율 0.12W/㎡K 이하를 만족하기 위해, 준불연성능이 확보된 단열재인 "가"등급의 비드법 보온판 2종 4호와 페놀폼을 사용한다면 각각 280mm, 170mm 이상을 써야하지만, 불연 진공단열재는 20mm 두께로 동일 단열기준을 만족할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.5) 고성능 진공단열재는 열관류율 0.12W/㎡K 이하를 기준으로 가격경쟁력이 페놀폼 대비 약 1,500원/㎡ 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

본 연구는 전통주거공간 속에서 환경친화적인 설계기법과 원칙을 파악하여 그 원리를 재정립하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해서 문헌연구를 통해 전통주거공간에 반영된 환경친화성을 자원보전적 측면, 입지적 측면, 공간구성적 측면으로 구분하고, 사례지를 선정하여 현대적 적용방안을 모색하였다. 사례지는 조선시대에 조영된 상류주택 중 비교적 원형이 잘 보존되고 있으며, 양호한 건축년도가 명확한 주택인 독락당을 선정하였다. 입지적 측면에서는 지형의 변경을 최소화하는 건물축조기법을 하고 있었으며, 환경보전적 측면에서는 열환경조절을 위해 실내 온도를 조절한 기법을 볼 수 있었다. 물질순환 측면에서는 자연재료의 재활용을 하고 있었으며, 수순환기법 및 조절을 통해 물을 적극적으로 활용하였다. 또한, 경관조망을 중요시 하여 내부에서 외부로 바라보는 경관의 다양한 조절을 통하여 내부공간을 외부로 확장시키고 끌어들이는 기법을 활용하였다. 현대적 공간에서의 전통성 추구는 단순히 단절된 전통의 복원이나 회복에 있기 보다는 전통 공간 속에 내재하는 구성원리 등을 추출하여 현대의 사회적, 문화적 환경공간에 대한 이해의 바탕위에서 수용 가능하다. 전통주거공간에 있어서 환경친화적 설계기법은 오랜 시간동안 경험에 의해 발전된 것으로 이의 현대적 적용은 지구환경과 에너지 문제를 해결하고 쾌적한 인간의 생활환경을 창출해 낸다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 내포하고 있다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide the design guidelines for the activity spaces in the skilled nursing facilities for the elderly through the investigation of the spatial characteristics and using behavior The researcher interviewed the staff regarding programs in 15 facilities, investigated and observed the use of the spaces from 15th of December, 2004 to 19th of February, 2005. The programs in facilities were categorized into human knowledge, arts, music, exercise, recreation, cooking gardening, religious and social activities, and those were peformed once to 4 times a day. They were conducted in the elderly individual rooms, lounges, program rooms, dining room, or(and) auditorium. The results of the study were as follows: First, investigating the activity spaces, the lounges and elderly individual rooms were mostly on the same floor so that the elderly had no big trouble in access to the lounge. The program rooms of the facilities in suburban and rural area were on the same floor as the elderly individual rooms and they were likely to combine with another usage, compared to those On city were mostly separated from the residence floor. Most of dining rooms and auditorium were on the basement or on the 1st floor. Second, in the programs by the activity spaces, elderly individual room and the program room were used more for the human knowledge and art programs with small group. The lounges were for recreation and social activities with (both of) small or(and) big group and dining rooms were mainly used for cooking programs. In auditorium, recreation, religious and social activity were performed with big group. Third, the individual rooms for the elderly had more capacity if those did not have any beds, but often had a trouble in making a passage way. The lounges needed to remove decorations and displayed furniture obstructing the passages and to arrange both of the western and eastern type of tables for the efficient use of the spaces. It took a long time in preparation of the furniture and other equipment if the program room was with another usage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1350-1357
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• 2017

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate whether the long-lasting, recurrent restricting of sows leads to the physiological and psychological reaction of discomfort. Methods: Sows (Large White) that had experienced restricting for about 0.5 or 3 years and agematched sows kept in a group housing system (loose sows) were compared. Pupillary light reflex parameters were measured at the weaning stage. Immediately after slaughter, blood samples were taken to measure serum cortisol levels, and the brain was dissected, gene expression in the hippo-campus, frontal cortex and hypothalamus was analyzed. Results: The serum cortisol levels were higher in the confined sows than in the loose sows. The full maturity, but not the young adolescent, confined sows had longer latency time in the onset of pupil constriction than their loose counterparts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed an increased expression of interleukin 6 mRNA in the hippocampus and decreased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in hippocampus and hypothalamus and to a lesser extent in the frontal cortex of the full maturity confined sows, compared with the full maturity loose sows. Conclusion: Taken together, these data indicated that recurrent restricting stress in full maturity sows leads to the physiological and psychological reaction of discomfort.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1318-1328
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• 2011

The tropics is not an ideal location for calf rearing as the high temperatures and humidities introduce many potential disease problems to milk fed calves. In addition, the type of dairy farming (generally poorly resourced small holder farming) and the general lack of awareness of the long term implications of poorly reared stock do not encourage farmers to pay close attention to their calf and heifer rearing systems. Surveys of calf rearing systems in Asia, tropical Africa and South America highlight the high calf and heifer mortalities. A range of 15 to 25% pre-weaning calf mortality is typical on many tropical dairy farms. It is often as high as 50%, indicating very poor calf management. This contrasts with US findings of less than 8% mortality from birth to 6 months while surveys of Australian farmers report only 3% losses. Simple extension programs on farms in Sri Lanka and Kenya have drastically reduced calf mortalities and improved pre-weaning growth rates. Improved management strategies leading to lower calving intervals, higher calving rates, reduced still born and pre-weaned calf mortalities and fewer non pregnant heifers can supply many more dairy herd replacements than currently occurs. Such strategies can increase the number of replacement heifer calves in the herd from 15 to over 35%, thus allowing farmers to increase their herd sizes through natural increases. Simple management procedures such as ensuring adequate intake of good quality colostrum within the first 12 hours of life, housing and good hygiene to minimise disease transfer, providing clean drinking water, developing appropriate feeding protocols to encourage early rumen development and paying closer attention to climate control and animal health can all lead to improved calf vigour and performance. Good record keeping is also important so farmers can more easily identify susceptible calves and quickly treat potential problems.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

In our country, the application of the design method of face to face dimension in wall-slab apartment has passed 10 years. So MC design method has fixed in the design step to some degree. In Design and Work Execution of House the exclusive area of the apartment was calculated by face to face dimension. And the term of face to face dimension was known broadly to clients, construction company, etc. But design method of face to face dimension is not to simply extend the room size so far as wall depth in design process but to ensure the actual space should be considered with efficient use and assembly of building components. That is to say, Design method of face to face dimension is not to be defined by design step but to be related with construction and maintenance. However in construction process the point of face to face design method was not understood even now. So the purpose of this study was to extract the effect and question of face to face design method in construction process by survey of actual condition of structure and construction quality, and compare this result with existing construction method. The following project of this study is to survey of actual condition of interior components such as gypsum board, windows & doors etc. Therefore this study is to induce architectural long-life through architectural standardization construction and component's exchange, and, by the subject of the study on Apartment to have design guideline and basis for joining part between Gypsumboard and windows.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2000

The goal of this study is mainly to improve the quality of life for the elderly by understanding the actual condition of the home management which includes their family relationship, family finance, and household work carried out in their domestic lives and diagnosing problems possibly restated from the condition. The result includes the following. The characteristics of rural elderly living alone: They have lived in rural area since their marriage which is over 40 years long in average, The tend to be satisfied with living apart themselves. The majority of the families are the first son in their family. In home management regard: First, in family relationship, the way the elderly in their nuclear family state communicate with their spouse is limited, and they hardly speaks together. So it is encouraged for couples to forge their own specific relationship and to plan for their odd age in their younger age. Also, they tend to be satisfied with living separated from their children, but at the same time, the closer they live in distance from their children, the more often they meet their children as well as they talk on the phone. They especially depend on their first son for offerings for ancestors and matters to occur after their death, while they get emotional support from daughters. Second, in family finance, their income varies in range from 200,000 to 3,000,000 won. In the majority f the famines, the wives are in charge of finance. The cost of living is mainly spent on flood, clothing, and housing, or the cost of offerings for ancestors if they are the head family. Third, Meanwhile, the housewives under 70 years old are positive about household work and tend to consider it pleasant for their children and their husband. Generally, the older they are, the more they dislike household labor. For example, food preparation is especially considered a major problem. Community dinning rooms, food delivery service, volunteers, and home helper and neighborhood could be help.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest planning directions of architectural integrates model by analysing the foreign case of integrated services for the aged and the disabled. For this study, we have researched on three different aspects. Three aspects are the element of barrier-free, architectural planning, information technology and operation. Based on the analysis of overseas examples, the good circumstance for both the disabled and the elder as one of member in the local societies could be defined like the following conditions: that is, (1) IT technology facilitates both barrier-free architecture and life to be easier and safer, and (2) both the disabled and the elder in local societies live together with the non-disabled in the same community. To realize this purpose, for a short-term plan, the system of feedback, examining the results of the research through the examples of housing plan, should be improved. In addition to, the system of public service, such as introducing the institutes for social educations, should be developed to result in the change of social insight. For a long-term plan, the whole society should have the research and plan of the unified model in a dimension of cities, where the network of public welfare is deeply associated with the system of the architecture, traffic, streets, and living-supporting information.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

This study analyzed users' acceptance and intention to use in addition to needs and preferences of smart home technologies, and identified the differences in technology preference and acceptance by different factors. The subjects were residents in the 40s and 60s residing in the Seoul or suburbs of Seoul, and questionnaires were conducted in the 40s while interviews with questionnaires were conducted in the 60s. A total of 105 questionnaires were used as data, and frequency, mean, crossover, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were performaed using SPSS23. The results of this study are as follows. First, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia were the most common diseases among respondents and if there was no discomfort, they would like to continue living in the homes of the current residence. Therefore, the direction of smart home development should support the daily living and health care so that residents can live a healthy life for a long time in their living space. Second, the technologies that residents most need were a control technology of residential environments and a monitoring technology of residents' health and physiological changes. The most preferred sensor types are motion sensors and speech recognition while video cameras have a very low preference. Third, technology anxiety was the most significant factor influencing intention to accept smart home technology. The greater the technology anxiety is, the weaker the acceptance of technology. Fourth, when applying smart residential technology in homes, various resident characteristics should be considered. Age and technology intimacy were the most influential variables, and accordingly there were differences in technology preference and acceptance. Therefore, a user-friendly smart home plan should be done in the consideration of the results.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2018

서울시에서는 주택건설기준 등에 관한 규정 제 2조와 55조에 따라 아파트 단지 개발 시 경로당, 어린이집, 작은 도서관 등의 주민공동시설을 설치해야 한다. 이러한 기준은 해당 조항이 지역 사회의 필요를 충족시키는 지에 대한 충분히 고려 없이 각 공동 주택의 가구 수에 따라 주민공동시설을 요구해왔다. 본 연구는 현재 주민공동시설의 설치 현황과 주민들의 선호도에 대한 일치 여부를 밝혀내는 것을 목표로 한다. 연구 대상지는 서울에 위치한 아파트 단지 중 층화임의 선정한 10개이며, 각각의 아파트 주민들을 대상으로 설문 조사를 수행하였다. 주민공동시설에 대한 선호도를 분석적 계층화 방법(AHP)을 사용하여 분석하고, 설문 조사 결과를 복합 단지의 현재 시설 현황과 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 거주자들의 선호와 조항 사이에 불일치가 나타났다. 주민운동시설, 어린이집 및 작은 도서관이 강하게 선호되었지만, 연구 내 일부 아파트 단지에서는 제공되지 않으나, 경로당과 같은 선호도가 낮은 시설은 모든 단지에 제공되었다. 따라서 아파트 단지의 거주자 선호도를 반영하여 서울 아파트 단지의 주민공동시설 제공에 관한 현행 기준을 변경해야 할 것이다.