• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1998

From May 1994 to May 1995, we performed a prospective controlled double-blind clinical study of 85 patients(85 shoulders). For inclusion in the study all patients met the following criteria: 1) a diagnosis of impingement syndrome by lidocaine injection test; 2) symptoms for at least three months; 3) no previous subacromial injection; 4) no evidence of rotator cuff tear. We excluded the patients from the study who showed a instability or other clear primary cause. The patients were randomized to receive either 5/subcc/ 2% lidocaine with 4ee of 20mg/cc Depomedrol(Group 1) in 45 cases or 5/subcc/ 2% lidocaine solely(Group 2) in 40 cases. At three month follow-up, all results were better in steroid group than control group. But at one year, improvement of pain and daily activity showed no difference between two groups. So we conclude that the use of subacromial steroid injection is effective for short-term therapy in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome, but the long-term effectiveness is doubtful.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.175-175
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• 2008

We report a rare case of late-onset brachial artery occlusion caused by subclavian artery stenosis with excessive scar tissue after open reduction and plate fixation for clavicular fracture. When he referred to us, the right hand were pale and the radial and ulnar pulses at the wrist were absent. CT-angiogram showed compression of subclavian artery by excessive scar tissue beneath the fracture site and angiography revealed stenosis of subclavian artery with thrombus and complete obstruction of blood flow in the brachial artery with emboli. Therefore, we performed embolectomy. 2 years after operation, patient was essentially asymptomatic except mild pain after long standing elevation of arm. We recommend that minimal soft tissue dissection should be needed in the operative treatment of clavicular fracture, especially soft tissue beneath the clavicle should be protected maximally.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2008

Twenty-six patients (12 male and 14 female) with symptomatic scapular winging caused by serratus anterior dysfunction were managed with split pectoralis major tendon transfer (sternal head) with autogenous hamstring tendon augmentation from 1998 to 2006. Twenty-five patients had positive results for long thoracic nerve palsy on electromyography. The mean duration of symptoms until surgery was 48 months (range 12~120 months). Four patients had non-traumatic etiologies and twenty-two patients had traumatic etiologies. At the final follow-up assessment for functional improvement, a Constant-Murley score was used. 21 patients were completely evaluated, while 5 patients who had less than 12 months follow-up were excluded. Pain relief was achieved in 19 of the 21 patients, with twenty patients showing functional improvement. The pain scores improved from 6.0 preoperatively to 1.8 postoperatively. The mean active forward elevation improved from $108^{\circ}$ (range $20^{\circ}\sim165^{\circ}$) preoperatively to $151^{\circ}$ (range $125^{\circ}\sim170^{\circ}$) postoperatively. The mean Constant-Murley score improved from 57.7 (range 21~86) preoperatively to 86.9 (range 42~98) postoperatively. A recurrence developed in one patient. Of the twenty-one patients, eight had excellent results, nine had good results, three had fair results, and one had poor results. Most patients with severe symptomatic scapular winging had functional improvement and pain relief with resolution of scapular winging.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.251-254
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• 2006

The anterior interosseous syndrome is an entrapment neuropathy which can be caused by several different etiologies. It is also clinically known that it weakens flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus to the index and long fingers without loss of finger sensory. We have experienced anterior interosseous syndrome which found to be rare to ordinary conservative treatment, i.e. application of Kenny-Howard brace, given to a patient with acromioclavicular separation type III. We also review related articles.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 1995

The authors performed the arthroscopic decompression and cuff debridement on 47 cases in 45 consecutive patients with either stage II or stage III impingement syndrome from July 1990 to January 1994. The summarized results are as follows. 1. 47 cases in 45 consecutive patients had arthroscopic decompression for the subacromial impingement syndrome. 2. There were 31 males and 14 females and the mean age was 40 years for men and 46years for women. 3. The follow up duration was from 3 years 9 months to 1 year (average 2 years 1month). 4. Among 47 cases, 19 cases were found to have no cuff tear (stageII) 13 cases partial thickness cuff tear (stage IIIa) 10 cases complete tear on cuff less than 3 cm long (stage IIIb) and 5 cases complete tear on cuff more than 3 em in length (stage IIIc). 5. The arthroscopic subacromial decompression and rotator cuff debridement was a good treatment method in stage II and stage IIIa and stage IIIb. in the case of stage IIIc rotator cuff tear, it was useful for pain relief and improvement of shoulder function.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2009

Eleven shoulders (9 patients) with refractory scapulothoracic dysfunction were treated with scapulothoracic arthrodesis between 2000 and 2006. Refractory shoulder dysfunction included facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy in five shoulders (3 patients), refractory scapular winging with long thoracic nerve palsy in one shoulder, scapular winging caused by serratus anterior palsy with trapezius dysfunction in one shoulder, post-surgical thoracic outlet syndrome due to medial clavicle resection in two shoulders, refractory scapular winging with spinal accessory nerve injury in one shoulder, and chronic trapezius rupture caused by cervical spine surgery in one shoulder. The mean active flexion was improved from 82 degrees preoperatively to 112 degrees postoperatively. The mean Constant score was improved from 27.2 points to 68.0 points. Two shoulders (1 patient) that had facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy had broken wires due to nonunion, and one patient had a reactive pulmonary effusion. In ten of the eleven shoulders, the patients were satisfied with their results. The scapulothoracic arthrodesis can cause significant pain relief and functional improvement in refractory scapulothoracic and/or shoulder dysfunction. By selecting patients that present with appropriate indications, and using experienced surgical technique through complete preoperative evaluation, we can diminish the complication rate and make good clinical outcomes.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2005

Epicondylitis, as a tendinopathy characterized by fibroblast and microvascular hyperplasia, is a common musculoskeletal problem especially related with repetitive hand and wrist motion. It has a prevalence of between 0.2% and 5% in general population depending on the amount of exposure to manual labor jobs. Although it is known that the pathological lesions lie in the flexor or extensor common tendons, there could be collateral ligament lesions and/or reactive synovitis accompanied, which may make a case unresponsive to the treatment aimed only at the tendinopathy. Epicondylitis is easy to diagnose with typical pain, tenderness, and positive provocation tests. However, many conditions can mimic epicondylitis that further imaging or electrodiagnostic studies should be undertaken to exclude other possible problems. Ultrasonography provides information about the existence and extent of tendinopathy with relatively high specificity. Magnetic resonance imaging is often required to rule out other problems and confirm the diagnosis of the cases intractable to long term treatment. Many options of treatment are available for epicondylitis while numerous conflicting evidences have been noted, debating one treatment method is better than the others. Since it was reported that over 80% of epicondylitis improved within a year no matter what was done as treatment, it is a challenge to make accurate diagnosis and combine effective therapeutic regimens for the 20% of intractable cases.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1044-1050
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• 2014

Robots used for pipe inspection have been studied for a long time and many mobile mechanisms have been proposed to achieve inspection tasks within pipelines. Localization is an important factor for an inpipe robot to perform successful autonomous operation. However, sensors such as GPS and beacons cannot be used because of the unique characteristics of inpipe conditions. In this paper, an inpipe localization algorithm based on elbow detection is presented. By processing the projected marker images of laser pointers and the attitude and heading data from an IMU, the odometer module of the robot determines whether the robot is within a straight pipe or an elbow and minimizes the integration error in the orientation. In addition, an off-line positioning algorithm has been performed with forward and backward estimation and Procrustes analysis. The experimental environment has consisted of several straight pipes and elbows, and a map of the pipeline has been constructed as the result.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2019

Suture anchors are commonly used in shoulder surgeries, especially for rotator cuff tears. Peri-anchor cyst formation, however, is sometimes detected on follow-up radiologic image after surgery. The purpose of this report is to discuss the case of a patient who presented with regression of extensive peri-anchor cyst on postoperative 4-year follow-up magnetic resonance imaging and had good clinical outcome despite peri-anchor cyst formation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with primary frozen shoulder in a Korean population. Methods: A total of 1,373 patients whose shoulders were diagnosed with primary frozen shoulder across 11 resident-training hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. Various demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics according to gender and presence of diabetes were evaluated. Results: The average age of patients was 55.4 years. Gender proportion was 58.3% females and 41.7% males. The frozen shoulder involved the non-dominant arm in 60.7% of patients and the bilateral arms in 17.6% of patients. The average duration of symptoms was 8.9 months, and 51.3% of patients had experienced nocturnal pain. Comorbidities associated with frozen shoulder in our sample of patients included diabetes (18.7%), cardiovascular diseases (17.7%), thyroid diseases (5.4%), and cerebrovascular diseases (3.6%). The diabetic group was correlated with the following demographic and clinical characteristics: old age, involvement of the dominant arm, nocturnal pain, long duration of symptoms, and no history of trauma. Further, we found that, in males, having a frozen shoulder was significantly correlated with a history of trauma; in females, having a frozen shoulder was significantly correlated with having thyroid diseases. Conclusions: These demographic data of primary frozen shoulder in the Korean population were consistent with those of previously reported epidemiologic studies. Primary frozen shoulder with diabetes was correlated with old age, bilateral involvement, long duration of symptoms, and nocturnal pain.