• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2005

Objective : The skill of locating acupoints accurately is an essential part of acupuncture treatment. Bone-scale has been used as a basic coordinates to locate acupoints and has been considered as an important factor of locating acupoints. This study was designed to stress the impotance of QieXunMenAn, which means pressing and rubbing softly the surface around the part pointed with proportional method, in locating acupoints. Methods and results : All expressions related with QieXunMenAn, among the descriptions of acupoint locations in ${\ulcorner}Zhenjiudacheng{\lrcorner}$, were investigated. The activity of QieXunMenAn has been regarded as an important method of locating acupoints since Neijing. QieXunMenAn means pressing and rubbing softly the surface around the part pointed with proportional method. It is a process of locating acupoint in detail by finger-sensation after locating the point with proportional method. Xianzhang, Dongmaiyingshou, and Wanwanzhong have been used to describe how to locate acupuncture-point through QieXunMenAn procedure. Xianzhong means a small depression or a pit on the surface of the body. Wanwanzhong describes that it feels very soft and tender. Descriptions related with QieXunMenAn procedures were found in around 87% of acupoint locations, thus stressing out its procedure. Conclusions : Bone-scale and QieXunMenAn do not mean different methods but the procedures that should be both performed every time when we locate most of the acupoints. Until recently, QieXunMenAn has been paid less attention that it should be. OieXunMenAn as well as bone-scale may be necessary to help locate acupoints accurately.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2008

Objectives : Accurate location of acupoints is a prerequisite for both practice and research into acupoint specificity. Given that accurate location of acupoints is one of the most important issues in meridianology education, this study aimed at evaluating if the elastic ruler method for locating acupoints is suitable for meridianology practice class. Methods : Fifty-six students who took meridianology practice class participated in the experiment. Firstly, they were asked to locate PC6, CV12 and ST36 without any assisting tools and the distance between standard acupoint and their acupoint location was measured. Secondly, they were again asked to locate the same points this time with an elastic ruler. Then the first and second measurements were compared using a paired t-test. Results : Analysis of the results found using an elastic ruler significantly improved the difference between the student's acupoint location and the standard acupoint: there was a significant difference between 1st and 2nd measurements for PC6 (1.87${\pm}$0.29mm vs. 1.28${\pm}$0.19mm, P=0.037) and for ST36 (2.70${\pm}$0.22mm vs. 1.38${\pm}$0.15mm, P<0.0001). Conclusions : Using an elastic ruler as an assisting tool for locating acupoints in meridianology practice class should be considered for improving accuracy in acupoint location.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to establish an accurate and effective method of locating acupoints of the forearm by studying bone proportional measurement. Methods : A total of 60 volunteers, 30 men and 30 women, participated in this study. 7 parts of the body were measured by a soft ruler or digital vernier calipers. The cun of the upper limb was calculated and analyzed. And the results were compared with the standard cun. Results : The bone proportional cun of the forearm based on height and femur was close to 11. It was different from the standard 12.5, 12 or 10. The cun of the forearm by thumb or finger width measurement was different from the standard too. Conclusions : We suggest that locating acupoints of the forearm needs to be done based on 11 cun. The confusion on locating acupoints of the forearm will be reduced by reflecting the result of the actual measurement.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2023

Objectives : There are many variations in the ST36 acupoint location. The purpose of this article is to suggest a method of locating the ST36 acupoint. Methods : Based on the available research and the neuroanatomical characteristics of the underlying acupoint, we summarized the proper procedure for finding the ST36 acupoint. Results : ST36 is 3 B-cun inferior to ST35 and is vertically situated on the line that connects ST35 and ST41. The ST36 acupoint corresponds to the deep peroneal nerve, which is situated in the tibialis anterior muscle's back. The neurovascular bundles that are located on the interosseous membrane between the interosseous crests of the tibia and fibula include the deep peroneal nerve, anterior tibial artery, and anterior tibial vein. According to both classical and modern literature, this acupoint can be found horizontally between the two muscles, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus. Conclusions : Based on a review of the literature and neuroanatomical features, we suggest that ST36 can be positioned horizontally between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus. Additional imaging studies and clinical proof are required to determine ST36 acupoint.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2004

Background : The cun measurement system, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the directional method is less likely dependable in locating acupoints than the proportional method because the influencing factors are different.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2023년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.563-565
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• 2023

Acupuncture and acupressure apply needles or pressure to anatomical points for therapeutic benefit. The over 350 mapped acupuncture points in the human body can each treat various conditions, but anatomical variations make precisely locating these acupoints difficult. We propose a computer vision technique using the real-time hand and face tracking capabilities of the MediaPipe framework to identify acupoint locations. Our model detects anatomical facial and hand landmarks, and then maps these to corresponding acupoint regions. In summary, our proposed model facilitates precise acupoint localization for self-treatment and enhances practitioners' abilities to deliver targeted acupuncture and acupressure therapies.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.31-47
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• 2008

Objectives : The objective of this study is to apply the contents of "WaHyul(訛穴 : The errors of acupoint locations"of "ChimGuKyungHumBang" to modern acupoint locations. Methods : The text of "WaHyul" was closely examined and analyzed. "WHO standard acupuncture point locations in the western pacific region" was reviewed based on its contents. Results : According to the analysis, the correct 少商(LU11) was mentioned as a spot appropriately distanced from the corner of the nail root under the skin. This is the most accurate and reasonable synthesis of other related texts. Furthermore, the necessity of defining the locations of all the well points was also emphasized and their locations were mentioned that could be located by the same method. There is no further discussion of other acupoints apart from descriptions of their locations from other texts. Some parts that were pointed out as common errors included not only commonly made mistakes, but errors made in acupuncture texts as were true for 神門(HT7) and 肩井(GB21). The standards of 少商(LU11), 合谷(LI4) and 足三里(ST36) presented in the WHO Standardization are not only similar to what 「WaHyul」 indicated as errors in acupoint locations, but also deviate other acupuncture texts; appropriate corrections must be made. The standard of 肩井(GB21) presents a new acupoint locating method never mentioned before in received classic acupuncture texts and so a rediscussion is in need. Other standards, such as the 絶骨(GB39), had some points of controversy, yet somewhat incomplete while HT7 did not go beyond the bounds of "WaHyul". Conclusions : "WaHyul" can be used to revise WHO standards, and has practical value in modern acupoint locating.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2021

Objectives: To compare bone proportional cun and finger-breadth cun in the head area to clearly distinguish the anterior hairline. Methods: In this study, the head area was measured for 50 adult males and females in their 20s with normal hair condition. We compared bone proportional cun and finger-breadth cun in the head area and calculated the error by analyzing the difference between the actual location of the anterior hairline and the location measured with the two methods. Results: There was a significant difference between bone proportional cun and finger-breadth cun in the head area. The two methods showed significant difference from the actual location of the anterior hairline. In addition, as a result of calculating the error between the actual location of the anterior hairline and the location measured by the two methods, the finger-breadth cun had fewer errors than the bone proportional cun. Conclusions: The finger-breadth cun is better than the bone proportional cun as an alternative when it is difficult to find the anterior hairline.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2011

Everyone once in a life experience headaches as symptoms are very common. According to a study in a country of more than a week and as many as those who have experienced a headache amounts to 69.4%. In addition, the high reported prevalence of migraine in 30s for 80% of all migraine sufferers daily life interfere with work or was affected. In Western medicine, the cause of headaches is traction or deformation of pain induced tissue like scalp, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, fascia, extracranial arteriovenous, nerves, periosteum. But it turns out there are not cause why pain induced tissue is being tracted or deformated. Therefore, most of the western-therapy is mainly conducted with regimen for a temporary symptom reduction. Therefore, I examined how it has been developed in Chinese Ming Dynasty, the perception of headache, change in disease stage and an etiological cause. Oriental medicine in the treatment of headache is a more fundamental way to have an excellent treatment. The recognition of head in "素問($s{\grave{u}}$ $w{\grave{e}}n$)" and "靈樞($l{\acute{i}}ng$ $sh{\bar{u}}$)" began to appear in 'Soul-神($sh{\acute{e}}n$) dwelling place' and 'where to gather all the Yang-'諸陽之會($zh{\bar{u}}$ $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\bar{i}}$ $hu{\grave{i}}$)'. Also, head was recognized as '六腑($li{\grave{u}}f{\check{u}}$) 淸陽之氣($q{\bar{i}}ng$ $y{\acute{a}}ng$ $zh{\bar{i}}$ $q{\grave{i}}$) and 五臟($w{\check{u}}$ $z{\grave{a}}ng$) 精血($j{\bar{i}}ng$ $xu{\grave{e}}$) gathering place'. More specific structures such as the brain is considered a sea of marrow(髓海-$su{\check{i}}$ $h{\check{a}}i$) in "內經($n{\grave{e}}i$ $j{\bar{i}}ng$)" and came to recognized place where a stroke occurs. Accompanying development of the recognition about head, there had been changed about the perception of headache and the recognition of the cause and mechanism of headache. And the recognition of headache began to be completed in Ming Dynasty through Jin, Yuan Dynasty. Chinese Ming Dynasty, specially 樓英($l{\acute{o}}u$ $y{\bar{i}}ng$), in "醫學綱目($y{\bar{i}}xu{\acute{e}}$ $g{\bar{a}}ngm{\grave{u}}$)", first enumerated prescription in detail by separating postpartum headache. and proposed treatment of headache especially due to postpartum sepsis(敗血-$b{\grave{a}}i$ $xu{\grave{e}}$). 許浚($x{\check{u}}$ $j{\grave{u}}n$) accepted a variety of views without impartial opinion in explaining one kind of headache in "東醫寶鑑($d{\bar{o}}ng-y{\bar{i}}$ $b{\check{a}}oji{\grave{a}}n)$" 張景岳($zh{\bar{a}}ng$ $j{\check{i}}ng$ $yu{\grave{e}}$), in "景岳全書($j{\check{i}}ng$ $yu{\grave{e}}$ $qu{\acute{a}}nsh{\bar{u}}$)", established his own unique classification system-新舊表裏($x{\bar{i}}nji{\grave{u}}$ $bi{\check{a}}ol{\check{i}}$)-, and offered a clear way even in treatment. Acupuncture treatment of headache in the choice of meridian has been developed as a single acupuncture point. Using the classification of headache to come for future generation as a way of locating acupoints were developed. Chinese Ming Dynasty, there are special treatments like 導引按蹻法($d{\check{a}}o$ y ${\check{i}}n$ ${\grave{a}}n$ $ji{\check{a}}o$ $f{\check{a}}$), 搐鼻法($ch{\grave{u}}$ $b{\acute{i}}$ $f{\check{a}})$, 吐法($t{\check{u}}$ $f{\check{a}}$), 外貼法($w{\grave{a}}i$ $ti{\bar{e}}$ $f{\check{a}}$), 熨法($y{\grave{u}}n$ $f{\check{a}}$), 點眼法($di{\check{a}}n$ $y{\check{a}}n$ $f{\check{a}}$), 熏蒸法($x{\bar{u}}nzh{\bar{e}}ng$ $f{\check{a}}$), 香氣療法($xi{\bar{a}}ngq{\grave{i}}$ $li{\acute{a}}of{\check{a}}$). Most of this therapy in the treatment of headache, it is not used here, but if you use a good fit for today's environment can make a difference.