• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.76-84
• /
• 2008

Researches on fire resistant performance of primary structural elements such as columns and beams located at above the ground have actively been doing than those located at the below the ground from many researchers. But the structural elements such as columns at underground is very important in aspects of not only structural performance but also fire environment. The columns at the basement carry all the structural loads from the above and that means very critical in fire circumstances than that located at above the grounds. To evaluate the fire resistance performance of primary structural elements located at below the ground we conducted several sorts of surveys that contained fire regulations from several countries and structural types, materials and status of passive fire protection methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2012

Global climate change and urban heat island have been the main factors which changed leaf burst timing and leaf growth performance in urban forests. Therefore, the ecosystem in urban forests were modified and the types and composition of wildlives, living in the urban forests, were desperately changed due to the urban heat island. This study was done to identify phenological phenomena appeared in urban forests due to the urban climate change by comparing the morphological changes of leaves due to the change of temperature in Spring. The study focused on nine urban forests distributed in Daegu city, where weekly temperature and the morphological changes of the plants were mainly observed. Urban forests had different temperature depending on where each was located in the urban area. The difference of temperature in forests in and outside the urban area was verified by SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), which divided the urban forests into about three groups; the one located outside the city, another group located in the middle of the city, and the other located close to the outside forests. The forests located in the middle of the city were showing the earlier leaf burst timing and leaf growth performance, while forests, distributed outside the city, were showing relatively late leaf burst timing and leaf performance.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.103-116
• /
• 2016

The location of BL61 has commonly known as directly under the BL60 (Gollyun) which is at the lateral side of the heel. SP2 is located at the front of the big toe joint and SP3 is located at the rear of the big toe joint. These locations are the same with the standard acupuncture points of the WHO/WPRO. However, according to Chimgeumdongin (鍼金銅人), BL61 is located at the center of calcaneal tuberosity, which is close to the bottom of the heel, not at the side. SP2 is located at the rear of the big toe joint, not at the front. SP3 is located at the rear of sesamoid bone, not at the rear of the big toe joint. These can be also found in Douningyou (銅人形) c-544 with the same locations. Moreover, these locations are precisely equal in reference to the acupuncture classics such as < Zhenjiujiayijing : 鍼灸甲乙經 >, < Buzhutongrenjing : 補註銅人經 >, whereas the descriptions of the standard acupuncture points of the WHO/WPRO and the locations of acupuncture points in Zhenjiutongren (鍼灸銅人), Zhinjiuxueweitongren (鍼灸穴位銅人) are totally different from the acupuncture classics. Therefore, there needs to be further examinations on WHO/WPRO Standard Acupuncture Point with various acupuncture bronze men.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1996.04a
• /
• pp.209-209
• /
• 1996

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors contain two highly conserved tyrosine residues which are located within or at the extracellular border of the second transmembrane domain. These tyrosine residues are located at positions 82 and 85 of the sequence of the ml subtype of muscarinic receptors. In this wok, we studied the involvement of these two residues in ligand binding to and agonist-induced activation this receptor subtype. our data suggest an important role for these two tyrosines in these processes, with a more prominent role for the tyrosine residue located at position 82 than that located at position 85. Evidence is also provided that while the aromatic moiety of these tyrosine residues is important for antagonist binding, both this moiety and the tyrosine phenolic hydroxyl group are involved in agonist binding and receptor activation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1725-1731
• /
• 2002

The distribution and activities of hydrolytic enzymes (cellulolyti, hemicellulolytic,pectinolytic and others) in the rumen compartments of Hereford bulls fed 100% alfalfa hay based diets were evaluated. The alfalfa proportion in the diet was gradually increased for two weeks. Whole rumen contents were processed into four fractions: Rumen contents including both the liquid and solid fractions were homogenized and centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed for enzymes located in whole rumen contents (WRE); rumen contents were centrifuged and the supernatant was assayed for enzymes located in rumen fluids (RFE); feed particles in rumen contents were separated manually, washed with buffer, resuspended in an equal volume of buffer, homogenized and centrifuged and supernatant was assayed for enzymes associated with feed particles (FAE); and rumen microbial cell fraction was separated by centrifugation, suspended in an equal volume of buffer, sonicated and centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed for enzymes bound with microbial cells (CBE). It was found that polysaccharide-degrading proteins such as $\beta$-1,4-D-endoglucanase, $\beta$-1,4-D-exoglucanase, xylanase and pectinase enzymes were located mainly with the cell bound (CBE) fraction. However, $\beta$-D-glucosidase, $\beta$-D-fucosidase, acetylesterase, and $\alpha$-L-arabinofuranosidase were located in the rumen fluids (RFE) fraction. Protease activity distributions were 37.7, 22.1 and 40.2%, and amylase activity distributions were 51.6, 18.2 and 30.2% for the RFE, FAE and CBE fractions, respectively. These results indicated that protease is located mainly in rumen fluid and with microbial cells, whereas amylase was located mainly in the rumen fluid.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2015

This paper investigates effective locations for two products in printed media advertisement (in which one is the relatively higher price product and the other is the relatively lower price product), and provides some insights on the effective locations of multiple products in printed media advertisements. For the research purpose, this paper develops 4 different versions of printed media advertisement and conducts an experiment study to compare consumers' responses on the different versions: Type A(the higher price product is located at the left side of advertisement, and the lower price product is located at the right side of advertisement), Type B(the higher price product is located at the right side of advertisement, and the lower price product is located at the left side of advertisement), Type C(the higher price product is located at the top side of advertisement, and the lower price product is located at the bottom side of advertisement), Type D(the higher price product is located at the bottom side of advertisement, and the lower price product is located at the top side of advertisement). The results of the experiment show that marketers can increase consumers' choices on the both products when they locate the higher price product at the left side or the top of advertisement and do the lower price product at the right or the bottom of advertisement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.251-256
• /
• 2007

The crystal structure of fully dehydrated partially Cs+-exchanged zeolite X, [Cs52Na40Si100Al92O384], a = 24.9765(10) A, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21 °C. The crystal was prepared by flow method for 5 days using exchange solution in which mole ratio of CsOH and CsNO3 was 1 : 1 with total concentration of 0.05 M. The crystal was then dehydrated at 400 °C and 2 × 10-6 Torr for 2 days. The structure was refined to the final error indices, R1 = 0.051 and wR2 (based on F2) = 0.094 with 247 reflections for which Fo > 4σ (Fo). In this structure, about fifty-two Cs+ ions per unit cell are located at six different crystallographic sites with special selectivity; about one Cs+ ion is located at site I, at the centers of double oxygen-rings (D6Rs), two Cs+ ions are located at site I', and six Cs+ ions are found at site II'. This is contrary to common view that Cs+ ions cannot pass sodalite cavities nor D6Rs because six-ring entrances are too small. Ring-opening by the formation of ?OH groups and ring-flexing make Cs+ ions at sites I, I', and II' enter six-oxygen rings. The defects of zeolite frameworks also give enough mobility to Cs+ ions to enter sodalite cavities and D6Rs. Another six Cs+ ions are found at site II, thirty-six are located at site III, and one is located at site III' in the supercage, respectively. Forty Na+ ions per unit cell are located at two different crystallographic sites; about fourteen are located at site I, the centers of D6Rs and twenty-six are also located at site II in the supercage. Cs+ ions and Na+ ions at site II are recessed ca. 0.34(1) A and 1.91(1) A into the supercage, respectively. In this work, the highest exchange level of Cs+ ions per unit cell was achieved in zeolite X by conventional aqueous solution methods and it was also shown that Cs+ ion could pass through the sixoxygen rings.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2005

To know the proper setup posture for the various clubs, changes of setup variables according to the change of golf club length was investigated. Swing motions of three male low handicappers including a professional were taken using two high-speed videocameras. Four clubs iron 7, iron 5, iron 3 and driver (wood 1) were selected for this experiment. Three dimensional motion analysis techniques were used to get the kinematical variables. Mathcad and Kwon3D motion analysis program were used to analyze the position, distance and angle data in three dimensions. The variables divided into three categories 1) position and width of anterior-posterior direction 2) position and width of lateral direction 3) angles and evaluated based on the theories of many good golf teachers. Major findings of this study were as follows. 1.The stance (distance between ankle joints) was increased as the length of the club increased but the increasing width was not large. It ranges from 5cm to 10cm and professional player showed small changes. 2. Forward lean angle of trunk was decreased (more erected) as the length of the club increased. It ranges from 30 degrees for iron7 to 25 degrees for driver. 3. Angle between horizontal and right shoulder were increased as the length of the club increased. It ranges from 10 degrees to 20 degrees and professional player showed small changes. 4. Anterior-posterior position of the shoulders were located in front of the foot for all clubs and the difference between the shoulder and knee position was decreased as the length of the club increased. 5. Anterior-posterior position of grip (hand) was located almost beneath the shoulders (2.5cm front) for iron7, but it increased to 10cm for the driver. This grip adjustment makes the height of the posture increased only 5cm from iron7 to driver. 6. Lateral position of grip located at 5cm left for the face of iron7, but it located at the right side (behind) for the face of driver. 7. Lateral position of the ball located at the 40%(15cm) of stance from left ankle for iron7 and located at the 10% (5cm) of stance for driver. 8. Head always located at the right side of the stance and the midpoint of the eyes located at the 37% of stance from the right ankle for all clubs. This means that the axis of swing always maintained consistently for all clubs. 9. Left foot opened to the target for all subject and clubs. The maximum open angle was 25 degrees. Overall result shows that the changes of the setup variables vary only small ranges from iron7 to driver. Paradoxically it could be concluded that the failure of swing result from the excessive changes of setup not from the incorrect changes. These findings will be useful for evaluating the setup motion of golf swing and helpful to most golfers.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 1994

Geographically Cheju Island is located in the southmost part of Korea. Cheju Province, the largest. island in Korea, consists of one major island, Cheju, and other minor islands including Chuja Island. The province is located in around 140 km from Mokpo on the north, about 272 km from Pusan. Tsushima Island of Japan on the northeast, and Shanhai of the China across the East China Sea to the west.(omitted)

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 1994

This paper was made to examine floor plan and block plan of traditional upper-class houses in the north Kyeungsangbukdo region with consideration into city and country each. The results of this study were as following; First, Munkyung area is latitudinally located in northern area along with the Yechon and Andong. However, Munkyung area has open plot system while Yechon and Andong has not. It is because even if Munkyung area is located in the western of Nak-Dong river and belongs to the northern region, it has belonged to the cultural area which is developed around Sangju area. Second, Youngduk area belongs to the east-coast but it had frequent cultural exchange and marriage with Andong which is located on the road along with Tae-Baek Mountain. Due to the cultural exchange, their housing type is very similar to those of Andong which is close plot plan of "ㅁ" type. Therefore, even if Youngduk is located in the east-coast area, it should belong to the cultural background of Andong area. Regionally, the culture of Kyongsangbukdo has been divided into northern area, southern area, and east-coast area. But, the findings of this study indicate that the analysis of location and floor plan of housing should not be based on the natural environment oand geographic characteristics. Hence, it should be based on the all aspects of environment, including social and cultural nature to find more reliable and accurate results.e results.