• 한국가스학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1998

기-액 2상유동장에서 유동양식은 압력강하, 보이드율분포, 유동장의 기하학적 형상과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 한편 원유수송, 비등이 발생하는 유동, 펌프에서 발생하는 케비테션 현상, 그리고 화학 반응로와 같은 상변화 장치 등의 2상유동에서 고분자물질에 의한 저항감소 현상의 적용이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 2상유동장에서 고분자물질에 의한 저항감소에 관한 연구는 매우 미비하다. 그래서 본 연구는 2상유동장에 합성고분자물질(A611p)에 의한 저항감 소율을 실험을 통하여 계측 및 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 고분자물질의 농도를 증가시킬수록 국부보이드율의 최고치가 관의 중심에서 관의 벽쪽으로 이동하며 2상유동의 유동양식이 변화됨을 규명하였다. 그래서 저항감소율과 유동양식과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 예측할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 1984

매우 작은 규모 LOCA 분석에 RETRAN코드 적용에 있어서 중요 문제점의 하나는 upper plenum에 Bubble rise model의 사용에 있다. 왜냐하면, Bubble rise model은 수리적 발산을 야기할지 모르며, 그 모텔에 사용되는 계수는 큰 규모 냉각재 상실 사고의 실험적 결과에 바탕을 두기 때문이다. 여기서, Bubble rise model을 사용하지 않고 upper plenum의 mixture level을 예측하게 해주는 방법이 제시되었다. 이 방법을 위해 노심과 upper plenum내의 지역 void 분포가 간단한 slip 모델을 이용 괘 유도되었다. 유도된 식으로부터의 결과는 실험 데이타와 매우 잘 일치한다는 것이 발견되었다. 또한, Upper Plenum에 있어서 지역 void는 대규모 LOCA에 있어서 선형 분포와는 달리 균일한 분포를 하고 있다는 것이 발견되었다. upper plenum과 upper head사이의 냉각재 교환이 연구되었다. Taylor instability 개념 도입에 의해 그들 사이에 counter-current flow가 가능하다는 것이 증명되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1072-1087
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• 2008

A mixed volume and boundary integral equation method (Mixed VIEM-BIEM) is used to calculate the plane elastostatic field in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing an isotropic or anisotropic inclusion and a void subject to remote loading parallel to the traction-free boundary. A detailed analysis of stress field at the interface between the isotropic matrix and the isotropic or orthotropic inclusion is carried out for different values of the distance between the center of the inclusion and the traction-free surface boundary in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing three different geometries of an isotropic or orthotropic inclusion and a void. The method is shown to be very accurate and effective for investigating the local stresses in an isotropic elastic half-plane containing multiple isotropic or anisotropic inclusions and multiple voids.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.2586-2594
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• 1995

Two phase flow phenomena are observed in many industrial facilities and make much importance of optimum design for nuclear power plant and various heat exchangers. This experimental study has been investigated the classification of the flow pattern, the local void distribution and convective heat transfer in swirl and non-swirl two phase flow under the isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. The convective heat transfer coefficients in the single phase water flow were measured and compared with the calculated results from the Sieder-Tate correlation. These coefficients were used for comparisons with the two-phase heat transfer coefficients in the flow orientations. The experimental results indicate, that the void probe signal and probability density function of void distribution can used into classify the flow patterns, no significant difference in voidage distribution was observed between isothermal and non-isothermal condition in non-swirl flow, the values of two phase heat transfer coefficients increase when superficial air velocities increase, and the enhancement of the values is observed to be most pronounced at the highest superficial water velocity in non-swirl flow. Also two phase heat transfer coefficients in swirl flow are increased when the twist ratios are decreased.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1081-1084
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• 1995

Internal voids located within an insulation will arise partial discharge that causes local breakdown and even the entire insulation breakdown. For HV apparatuses, it is usual case that several voids are formed within non-uniform electric field condition rather than single void within uniform field, which can be solved analitically. The purpose of this work is to study partial discharge and breakdown characteristics of an insulation according to the distribution pattern of two disc-type voids that are located within non-uniform field. The results from numerical field analysis and experiments show that the electric field within the voids decreases as they are arranged more serially, which accordingly results in the increase of partial discharge inception field(PDIF) much higher than that of single void model. With parallel arranged voids, PDIF is almost the same as that of single void model. On the other hand, AC breakdown strength decreases as voids are arranged more serially, which is a natural result considering the reduction of effective insulation thickness. For parallel voids, this effect cannot he noticed where as they show different pattern compared with single void and serial void models in $\Phi$-Q-N analysis. Considering these results may leads us to the conclusion that, in the evaluation of insulating products through PD test, it is not sufficient to determine only PDIV or existence of PD at predetermined voltage level. We could evaluate more accurately by considering all the available data such as PDIV, PD magnitude, PD occurring phase, number of PD pulses, and etc.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1993

가압경수로형 원자로의 정상 비정상 운전시의 열수력학적 거동을 예측하기 위해서는 원자로내기포계수의 분포를 정확히 계산하는 것이 필수적이다. 이러한 기포계수의 정확한 예측을 위하여 많은 모델들이 제시되었다. 이중 drift-flux모델은 그 계산의 정확성과 간결성에 의하여 널리 사용되고 있다. 이러한 drift-flux 모델을 사용하여 보다 더 정확한 기포계수를 예측하기 위해서는 각 상간의 슬립률과 flow regime 에 따른 기포의 운동의 변화가 정확히 고려되어야 한다. Drift-flux 모델에서는 이러한 두 가지 요소가 drift-flux parameter인 $C_{o}$ 와 (equation omitted), 에서 고려된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 $C_{o}$ 의 실험적 결정을 위하여 원자로 노심을 모사한 4개의 전열봉이 있는 비등이 발생하는 수직사각 유로를 구성하였으며, 완성된 유로내에서 기포계수의 분포 및 기포속도의 분포를 측정하였다. 국부적 기포계수 및 기포속도 분포의 측정에 사용된 방법은 이중탐침법이며 측정이 이루어진 유로내의 유동 상태는 유속이 비교적 느린 low flow rate condition이며 유로내 압력은 3기압 이하이다. 본 실험에서는 액상의 속도는 측정되지 않았으며, 따라서 $C_{o}$ 의 계산을 위하여 (equation omitted)의 실험 상관관계식을 사용하여 유로내 평균 기포계수의 함수로 나타내었다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2013

In the previous work, a new forging process design, which included incremental upsetting, diffusion bonding and cogging, was suggested as a method to manufacture 1.9wt%C ultrahigh carbon workrolls. The previous study showed that incremental upsetting and diffusion bonding are effective in closing voids and healing of the closed void. In addition, compression tests of the 1.9wt%C ultrahigh carbon steel revealed that new microvoids form within the blocky cementite at temperatures of less than $900^{\circ}C$ and that local melting can occur at temperatures over $1120^{\circ}C$. Thus, the forging temperature should be controlled between 900 and $1120^{\circ}C$. Based on these results, incremental upsetting and diffusion bonding were used to check whether they are effective in closing and healing voids in a 1.9wt%C ultrahigh carbon steel. The incremental upsetting and diffusion bonding were performed using sub-sized specimens of 1.9wt%C ultrahigh carbon steel. The specimen was deformed only in the radial direction during the incremental upsetting until the reduction ratio reached about 45~50%. After deformation the specimens were kept at $1100^{\circ}C$ for the 1 hour in order to obtain a high bonding strength for the closed void. Finally, microstructural observations and tensile tests were conducted to investigate void closure behavior and bonding strength.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.681-689
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• 1994

A model to predict the onset of significant void (OSV) in vertical flow between parallel plates has been developed. The model was compared to the experimental data of Whittle and Forgan (1967) and Dougherty et al. (1990), showing excellent agreement. The model was also compared with the Saha-Zuber(1974) correlation, which has been widely used in computer codes for nuclear safety analysis. The present theory is more conservative than this correlation, and further shows that, contrary to this correlation, the Stanton number is not solely related to the Peclet number. This may explain the large error margins required for the Saha-Zuber correlation, and also the scatter beyond the error margins specified by the authors. The steady-state OSV heat fluxes for equal and unequal heating cases between parallel plates were compared. The arithmetic mean of heat fluxes for unequal heating cases is less than the heat flux for equal heating cases. The result may imply that OSV is controlled by local thermal parameters rather than bulk parameters.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.425-428
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• 2008

교량 바닥판은 공용기간 동안 차량하중 및 외부 열화환경(동결융해, 우수, 융빙제)에 직접적으로 노출되어 있어 교량의 주요 부재 중 가장 많은 결함이 발생되는 부위이다. 따라서, 콘크리트 교량 바닥판의 열화원인을 분석하고 향후 손상방지 및 품질향상 대책을 수립하고자, 고속도로 상에 공용 중인 교량 바닥판 중 19개소에 대해 콘크리트 코어를 채취하고, 콘크리트에 대한 공극특성 분석을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 손상이 발생된 교량 바닥판의 경우, 공기량이 기준치에 미달하거나, 기준치를 만족하는 경우에도 기포간격계수가 외국의 기준에 미치지 못하여 내구성이 저하된 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.310-313
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• 2002

Structures obtained with a direct boning of two FZ silicon wafers joined in such a way that a smooth surface of one wafer was attached to the grooved surface of the other were studied. A square net of grooves was made with a conventional photo lithography process. After high temperature annealing the appearance of voids and the rearrangement of structural defects were observed with X-ray diffraction topography techniques. It was shown that the formation of void free grooved boundaries was feasible. In the cases when particulate contamination was prevented, the voids appeared in the grooved structures could be eliminated with annealing. Since it was found that the flattening was accompanied with plastic deformation, this deformation was suggested to be intensively involved in the process of void removal. A model was proposed explaining the interaction between the structural defects resulted in "a dissolution" of cavities. The described processes may occur in grooved as well as in smooth structures, but there are the former that allow to manage air traps and undesirable excess of dislocation density. Grooves can be paths for air leave. According to the established mechanisms, if not outdone, the dislocations form local defect arrangements at the grooves permitting the substantial reduction in defect density over the remainder of the interfacial area.