• 에너지공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 기기 스케일 2상 유동(Two-phase flow) 해석 코드 CUPID를 사용하여 CANDU 원자로의 칼란드리아 용기 내부 감속재의 열수력 거동을 분석하기 위한 사전연구를 수행하였다. 먼저, Stern 연구소에서 수행한 단상유동 실험 3종류를 이용하여 CUPID 코드를 검증하였다. 칼란드리아 관다발 영역 격자생성의 복잡성을 피하기 위하여 다공성 매질 모델을 해당 영역에 적용하였고, 다공성 매질 영역의 유동 저항은 실험에서 얻은 관계식을 이용하여 계산하도록 하였다. 계산결과, CUPID 코드는 칼란드리아 용기 내부의 강제 및 자연 대류의 혼합 유동 양식을 성공적으로 예측하였다. 다음으로 2상 유동이 발생하는 경우를 해석하였다. 이들 계산을 통해 CUPID 코드의 CANDU 원자로 감속재 해석 능력을 보였다. 또한, 국부 과냉각 여유도를 예측하는데 사용할 수 있는 유입유량 대비 칼란드리아 용기의 국부 최대 감속재 온도 그래프를 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.705-714
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• 2014

우리나라 질병관리본부는 전염병 예방을 목적으로 국가 필수 예방접종을 정하여 특정 시기에 접종하도록 권장하는데, 대부분의 예방접종이 만 2세 전에 집중되어 있어 필수 예방접종만 투여 받더라도 영아는 14~20회 정도 접종을 받게 된다. DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus) 는 제2군 법정전염병인 디프테리아, 백일해, 파상풍 예방을 목적으로 생후 2, 4, 6, 18개월 영아에게 근육주사하게 된다. 근육주사 시 주사 바늘 천자 및 약물 주입에 따른 통증이 유발되는데, 본 연구는DPT 예방접종을 받는 2, 4, 6개월 영아 49명을 대상으로 예방접종 시 유발되는 통증경감을 위해 국소마취용 크림인 EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics)와 냉각 스프레이의 통증경감 효과를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 EMLA 적용군이 대조군과 냉각 스프레이 적용군에 비하여 주사 전후 맥박수와 산소포화도에 변화가 거의 없어 생리적 반응에서 통증경감 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 EMLA 적용 군이 통증반응에 대한 생리적 변수, 즉 맥박수와 산소포화도를 정상범주로 유지하는데 있어서 냉각스프레이보다 더 효과적인 중재로 검증되었으므로 향후 DPT 예방접종 시 EMLA 크림의 적용 가능성을 시사하는 바이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

Purpose: Many patients have fear for surgery owing to the injection of lidocaine and the possible pain in the course of the operation. To resolve such a problem the cases to do plastic surgery with monitored anesthetic care are increasing, in which something like sedatives is injected into vein without endotracheal intubation and under voluntary respiration, but the usage is now under the controversy. Methods: There were 25 patients who had surgery with local anesthesia, and another 25 patients who had surgery with monitored anesthetic care which belongs to ASA class 1 and 2 from January to April, 2009. Their anesthesia records were collected and surveys were given before and after the surgery and the surgery staff recorded OAA/S during the surgery. The postoperative surveys included the awakening during the surgery, pain, anxiety, and the degree of patient's satisfaction through visual analogue scale to identify the difference between the two methods. Results: The OAA/S results according to time lapse show that it is possible to lead a fast effective sedation and recovery with monitored anesthetic care, and monitored anesthetic care enhances both surgeon's convenience level and patient's satisfaction level, and reduces awakening, pain, and anxiety, compared to local anesthesia. Conclusion: The current paper shows about the plastic surgery, particularly the outpatient surgery, when monitored anesthetic care method is applied, it could gain a fast sedation and recovery or an effective sedation of patients. The method also has some affirmative effects in regard with surgeon's convenience and the patients' satisfaction degree and the reduction of their awakening, pain, and anxiety. With careful and adequate watch on the measures about vital signs like electrocardiogram, the degree of oxygen saturation, and blood pressure, it could clinically be very useful.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.355-364
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• 1995

f-plane 혹은 $\beta$-plane을 갖고 강체 회전중인 균질수에 외부로부터 고밀도의 유체 를 계속 주입시 주입된 고밀도 류의 확장형태와 이와 대응하는 기존의 균질수(상층수) 의 흐름을 관찰하였다. 고밀도류는 주입후 편향력에 의해 서안을 따라 흐르면서 내부 로 침투 확장하여 회전축에 비대칭인 모양을 보인다. 특히 $\beta$-plan에서는 바닥 경사도 의 증가에 따른 압력 경도력의 증가에 의한 서안을 따라 흐르는 속도가 증가되고 결국 편향력의 증가로 서안에서의 폭이 f-plane보다 좁게 나타난다. 그러나 남쪽에 이르러 서는 유입수의 국지적인 두께증가로 인해 확장 속도가 동시에 경계면상에서 의 혼합을 유발시키기도 한다. 유입된 고밀도류의 상층의 와도발생과 관련한 역할은 확장경로상 의 국지적인 지형효과의 유발과 유입으로 인한 상층수의 수직운동, 즉 vortex-tube stretching 효과를 발생시키는 것으로 볼 수 있으나 f-plane의 경우는 후자에 해당하 는 반시계 방향의 축대칭류를 생성시킴으로써 지형효과는 서안 경계층에만 존재하는 것으로 관찰되었으며 이때의 지형효과는 북향의 매우 약한 서안 경계류로 나타나고 있 다. 한편 $\beta$-plan에서 의 유입수의 역할은 실험면적의 동쪽반인 내부흐름에서는 h보다 는 dh/SUB $\beta$/dt의 크기가 우세하여 결국 상대와도의 감소경향인 시계방향의 음의 와 도(negative vorticity)의 발생과 서쪽반에서는 경계면의 경사 (tilting)에 의한 지형 효과가 극대화되어 유입수의 방향과 정반대인 강한 흐름이 나타나고 있다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2014

Background and Objectives : Arytenoid adduction procedure is one of the main surgical options addressed for the correction of glottal incompetence in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Traditionally, a midline approach is used for identifying and suturing around the muscular process, which often needs over-traction of the thyroid cartilage and results in patient's discomfort as well as surgeon's distress. The authors investigated the advantage of a modified procedure, lateral approach, in which the arytenoid cartilage is exposed through the space between strap muscles and sternocleidomastoid muscle. Materials and Methods : Retrospective chart review was performed for 66 patients who received arytenoid adduction surgery at Samsung Medical Center, between the year 1997 and 2014. Operation time, types of anesthesia, voice outcomes and complications were compared between the midline (n=22) and the lateral (n=44) approach group. Results : Operation time was shorter in the lateral approach group ($125{\pm}24min$) than in the midline group ($144{\pm}24min$). Arytenoid adduction was proceeded under local anesthesia in 66% (n=29/44) and 14% (n=3/22) of patients with lateral and midline approach group, respectively. Voice outcomes and complication rates were comparable between the two groups. Injection laryngoplasty in conjunction with arytenoid adduction resulted in more favorable voice outcomes. Conclusion : A lateral approach for the arytenoid adduction procedure showed comparable voice outcomes and similar complication rates with those of a midline approach. However, lateral approach provided less discomfort to the patients and less distress to a surgeon, and therefore, shorter operation time was needed and local anesthesia could be more frequently applied for this modified procedure.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.470-476
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 감각성 neuropeptide인 CCRP의 치수혈류 조절에 관해 교감신경과의 유기적 관계를 연구함으로써 CGRP의 치수혈류 조절기전을 밝히고자 하였다. 열두 마리의 전신마취된 고양이에서 실험하였으며 CGRP를 혈관을 통해 전신적 또는 국소적으로 투여하였다. 견치에서 치수혈류의 변화를 측정하고 paired t-test로 통계분석 하였으며 $95\%$ 수준에서 유의성을 검증하였다. CGRP $(0.31{\mu}g/kg)$를 전신정맥으로 주사시, 전신혈압에 현저한 영향을 나타내면서 치수혈류는 평균 $68.85\%$의 일차적인 증가와 감소를 보였고 이차적으로 다시 평균 $161.8\%$ 증가하였다가 감소하였다. CCRP를 저용량 $(0.03{\mu}g/kg)$으로 국소적으로 투여시, 치수혈류는 평균 $2.92\%$의 미약한 증가를 나타내었다. 교감신경을 전기자극시 (10Hz, 4V, 1.5ms), 전신혈압은 영향을 받지 않으면서 치수혈류가 유의하게 평균 $57.88\%$ 감소하였다. 교감신경 자극으로 치수혈류가 저하되어 있는 동안 주입한 CCRP는 저하된 치수혈류를 유의하게 회복시켰다. CGRP의 이 치수혈류 증가 효과는 $CGRP_{8-37}$에 의해 효과적으로 차단되었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.41.1-41.13
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• 2021

Correlation between vaccine reactogenicity and immunogenicity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Thus, we investigated to determine whether the reactogenicity after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination is associated with antibody (Ab) titers and T cell responses. This study was prospective cohort study done with 131 healthcare workers at tertiary center in Seoul, South Korea. The degrees of the local reactions after the 1st and 2nd doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (ChAdOx1) vaccination were significantly associated with the S1-specific IgG Ab titers (p=0.003 and 0.01, respectively) and neutralizing Ab (p=0.04 and 0.10, respectively) in age- and sex-adjusted multivariate analysis, whereas those after the BNT162b2 vaccination did not show significant associations. T cell responses did not show significant associations with the degree of reactogenicity after the ChAdOx1 vaccination or the BNT162b2 vaccination. Thus, high degree of local reactogenicity after the ChAdOx1 vaccine may be used as an indicator of strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2012

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of fluoroscopy-guided anterior approach for suprascapular nerve block (SSNB). Methods: Twenty patients with chronic shoulder pain were included in the study. All of the nerve blocks were performed with patients in a supine position. Fluoroscopy was tilted medially to obtain the best view of the scapular notch (medial angle) and caudally to put the base of coracoid process and scapular spine on same line (caudal angle). SSNB was performed by introducing a 100-mm, 21-gauge needle to the scapular notch with tunnel view technique. Following negative aspiration, 1.0 ml of contrast was injected to confirm the scapular notch, and 1 % mepivacaine 2 ml was slowly injected. The success of SSNB was assessed by numerical rating scale (NRS) before and after the block. Results: The average NRS was decreased from $4.8{\pm}0.6$ to $0.6{\pm}0.5$ after the procedure (P < 0.05). The best view of the scapular notch was obtained in a medial angle of $15.1{\pm}2.2$ ($11-19^{\circ}$) and a caudal angle of $15.4{\pm}1.7^{\circ}$ ($12-18^{\circ}$). The average distance from the skin to the scapular notch was $5.8{\pm}0.6$ cm. None of the complications such as pneumothorax, intravascular injection, and hematoma formation was found except one case of partial brachial plexus block. Conclusions: SSNB by fluoroscopy-guided anterior approach is a feasible technique. The advantage of using a fluoroscopy resulted in an effective block with a small dose of local anesthetics by an accurate placement of a tip of needle in the scapular notch while avoiding pneumothorax.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2016

Objectives : Facial nerve palsy is a rare but well-known complication that occurs after a tooth extraction. The paralysis follows the injection of a local anesthetic, but patients typically recover after a few hours. However, there are a number of reports of delayed paralysis, and the cause of delayed facial palsy remains uncertain. This study is the first case report detailing how Korean medicine can be used to treat facial nerve palsy following tooth extraction. This study reports our experience of a patient's favorable recovery. Methods : A 25-year-old male patient experienced acute facial palsy after four premolar teeth were extracted. He was hospitalized in the Pusan National University Korean Medical Hospital. We provided complex Korean traditional medical treatments such as acupuncture, cupping, use of a hot water steamer, and herbal medicine for 18 days. Results : Using the Yanagihara Grading Score, we found improvements in the patient's voluntary facial movement as his score increased from 22 to 34. Furthermore, his accompanying symptoms, such as dry eye and facial pain, disappeared. However, the patient reported transient pain around acupoints after the acupuncture intervention. Conclusion : Our study suggests that Korean medical treatments might be effectively used to treat facial nerve palsy after tooth extraction, although further research should be conducted due to the limited number of cases in this area.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2006

Objectives & Methods : I investigated 45 literature of Oriental and Western medicine about the treatment of pain in shoulder and arm. Result and Conclusion : 1. The etiological causes of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are attack of wind-heat on the lung, wind cold, damp-heat struggle between the vital energy and pathogenic factor and six pathogenic factors. And all these causes are the conception of blockage syndrome, Qi and blood stagnating in meridian system. 2. The treatment of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on Oriental medicine is mainly composed of both medical therapy for Bi syndrome due to pathogenic wind, deficiency of both Qi and blood, consumption of the liver and the spleen, and also acupuncture and moxibustion treatment by selection for acupoint. And those treatments are for treating etiology. And also there are treatments using the meridian system and Twelve Muscle Region and Ashihyeol for the purpose of treating the symptoms. 3. The etiological causes of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Western medicine are degenerative cut of tendon and nerve symptoms caused by tendonitis, bursitis, calcification, ruptured cervical disc and thoracic outlet syndrome. 4. The treatment of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on Western medicine is for alleviation of pain, such as giving an anodyne, steroid products, local anesthetic injection and stretching and strengthening the muscles.