• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2015

This project was conducted as part of the Building America program that proposed the overall mission to achieve 30-50% reduction in existing building energy use. The purposes of this project were to analyze architectural styles and features named as archetypes of existing homes within the Great Lakes regions that include Michigan and identify the dominant type that would offer significant potential for energy-efficient retrofit. Housing archetypes were analyzed according to vintage, style, and construction characteristics in two target cities within the region. The findings from an intensive case study targeting the City of Ann Arbor established a fundamental framework for characterizing local housing archetypes and determined the dominant housing archetype that needed energy-efficient retrofit. An extended case study then conducted in Grand Rapids additionally refined this framework for the future application. This paper explained the process and data collection method to develop the framework that can be utilized by other researchers to determine the target housing types for energy-retrofit research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5625-5629
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• 2013

Occurrence of breast cancer is related to genetic as well as cultural, environmental and life-style factors. Variations in diversity of these factors among different ethnic groups and geographical areas emphasize the immense need for studies in all racial-ethnic populations. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan is highest in Asians after Jews in Israel and 2.5 times higher than that in neighboring countries like Iran and India, accounting for 34.6% of female cancers. The Pakistani population is deficient in information regarding breast cancer etiology and epidemiology, but efforts done so far had suggested consanguinity as a major risk factor for frequent mutations leading to breast cancer and has also shed light on genetic origins in different ethnic groups within Pakistan. World-wide research efforts on different ethnicities have enhanced our understanding of genetic predisposition to breast cancer but despite these discoveries, 75% of the familial risk of breast cancer remains unexplained, highlighting the fact that the majority of breast cancer susceptibility genes remain unidentified. For this purpose Pakistani population provides a strong genetic pool to elucidate the genetic etiology of breast cancer because of cousin marriages. In this review, we describe the known breast cancer predisposition factors found in the local Pakistani population and the epidemiological research work done to emphasize the importance of exploring factors/variants contributing to breast cance, in order to prevent, cure and decrease its incidence in our country.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.373-384
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• 2017

This research has its significance on contributing to the establishment of sustainable fashion industry ecosystem of Seongsu area based on the creativity which is the driving force of economic growth in the 21st century. This study reviewed the major activities and processes of Seongsu-dong's regional specialized industries project and the social economic organizations's creation of fashion clusters by using specialized books, previous research, press releases such as newspapers, magazines, and the specialized internet site(www.seoul.go.kr). Also street casual-style clothes were designed based on work-wear that themed Seongsu-dong's industrial scene and social problems. The results of this study are as follows. Seongsu-dong represents the political and economic characteristics of a typical semi-industrial area in which the automobile repair, printing, textile, leather, and handmade industries are concentrated in accordance with the government's business and policy, and shows the technical characteristics through the internal complete industrial ecosystem integration of the handmade industries. In addition, social and cultural characteristics such as various local activities based on creativity are shown by social enterprises, and cultural artists. Based on the results of analyzing the regional characteristics of Seongsu-dong according to political, economic, technological, socio-cultural characteristics, eight fashion designs were made as motifs reflecting the regional characteristics of Seongsu-dong.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• autumn
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• pp.47-56
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• 2000

The northwestern part of Kyongsang Basin largely comprises interbedded sandstone and mudstone with local conglomeratic deposits in the basin margin, representing marginal alluvial fans and fluvial depositional environments. The non-marine successions are divided into successive stratigraphic units, each of which is unique in facies assemblages and architecture of sandstone bodies. Two stratigraphic units, i.e., Sinpyong-Anpyong and Jotap units are examined in terms of stratigraphic architecture and its causative processes. Detailed architectural analysis reveals that the channel systems of Sinpyong-Anyong unit were of braided patterns, whereas those of Jotap unit were dominated by small-scale bedforms. The difference in fluvial styles can be attributed to the changes in amount and caliber of sediment load and water discharge, which might have been ultimately governed by basin tectonics, climate, and base level. Along with the marked change in fluvial style, the two successive units show repeated expansions of distal, water-logged floodplains and lacustrine facies in the basal and uppermost parts of Sinpyong-Anpyong unit, where the proportion of channel sandstone bodies is relatively low. These stratigraphic intervals are succeeded by the sequences with proximal, well-drained floodplain facies and relatively coarser-grained channel sandstone bodies of higher proportion, reflecting the progradation of proximal systems (the middle part of Sinpyong-Anpyong unit and Jotap unit). The overall stratigraphic architecture can be ascribed to the fluctuations in accommodation space and sediment supply induced by repeated basin subsidence.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.118-126
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• 2001

The purpose of this study, which is related with local women's jacket Manufacturing companies in Seoul and Kyeong-Ki areas, is for the research of general problems, badness in those companies, noticing products' quality level, and full solutions of luxurious sewing technology and high quality products. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Most women's jacket manufacturing companies are poor and producing system is on a changing trend to the pair system. 2. A wage level of inspectors are low compared with working experiences and working period is short compared with working experiences. So, the separation rate was high. 3. The inspection form is full style, but some companies are just inspecting samples or frequent check. 4. Insperation method is highly at the rate of self-inspection and head office inspection. There are inspects in their factories and companies, but some companies don't. 5. There are lots of badness styles such as shrinking of fabric, contaminating of product, dying of fabric, pressing. 6. A work standard, workers' technical education, and giving purposes to workers are demanded for avoiding of products badness.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

Many cities in Japan retain older city structures with buildings in traditional form and style. Visitors are fascinated by charms and tranquility of pre-modern life styles. Architectural features of olden days are well conserved or carefully restored on purpose. In the case of Kawagoe city near Tokyo, local residents are largely replete with visitors without being necessarily aware of slow commodification of historic spaces. Kawagoe is yet socio-culturally sustainable and financially fit. This paper intends to analyse conservation strategies, with focus on architectural heritage, taken for the historic city of Kawagoe. With the population of 300,000 in the suburb of Tokyo, it is one of the best known historic cities in Japan. Kawagoe grew as a merchant city since 1700s, and it once reached to a major port of silk trade en-route to Edo (Tokyo) from northen provinces. Tourism industry is discovered as a key element in the conservation strategies applied to revitalize historic city center, Ichibangai, an important cultural heritage site with special reference to kurazukuri. This paper argues that augmentation of conceptions in architectural heritage is not only advantageous for the conservation of historic urban environment but it also provides opportunities for sustainable urban renewal.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1358-1362
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• 2007

The structures, energetics and transfer integrals of the acene tetramers up to pentacene are investigated with the ab initio molecular orbital method at the level of second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). Calculated geometries for the herringbone-style structures found in the crystal structure were characterized as local minima, however the geometrical discrepancy between crystal and MP2 theoretical structure is reasonably small. The binding energy of pentacene tetramer was calculated up to 40 kcal/mol (MP2/6-31G(d)) and about 90 kcal/mol (MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ), and the latter seems to be too much overestimated. The tendency of the hole transfer integrals computed with ab initio MP2/3-21G(d) geometry is well agreement with those estimated with crystal structure with some discrepancy, and the gradual increment of the transfer integrals at the crystal geometry is attributed to mainly packing structure rather than the intrinsic property of acene such as a size of acene.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2000

This study has been performed to review critical issues affecting continuous residence in profit(self-paid) assistant living facilities for the elderly in the United States. There are three factors influencing continuous residence of frail elderly in the facilities as long as they want without involuntary discharge : Financial ability, behavioral aspects, and facility management situation. Regarding financial ability, income, purchase of insurance policy, cashable assets, willingfulness to pay, and health status were found to be crucial determinants of continuous residence. Overall, 40-50% of those aged 65+ are financially able to stay in the assistant facilities as long as they want, without involuntary discharge. As for behavioral aspects, extroversions, congeniality, culture & life style, conscientiousness, preference for person, and physiological habits were found to be crucial determinants of continuous residence. As for the management situation, it is essential that facilities reach nature level of self-governing rights of the older residents and good local images, and conflicts among the residents and managing parties be resolved on the agreeable standards of inspectors. finally in this study, it is proposed that in Korea, national pension authority offer a liability package for assistant residence, for the case of individual bankruptcy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 1982

While the women of the Korea Dynasty wore hat(笠子) and Mongsu(蒙首) on top of it when going out, the Yi Dynasty, due to more strict Contucian ethics and isolated way of life, had seen the development of the covering clothes, rather veil, for avoiding the opposite sex with diversity and both men and women began wearing PHO(coat), a Korean topcoat over the head and thurs called Changots, but originally PHO for men was named Changyi a men's outer coat. Neuwul(羅兀), like Mongsu(蒙首) of Korea Dynasty was a thin black hood worn on top of the Wowllip or a kind of skirt draped over the head and the latter was called Changots, very similar to Sgaechima, a kind of long hood formally worn by women. Meanwhile, local women wore a long veil with no arm sleeves dubbed Cheunyi(薦衣) But since western civilization and culture landed on Korea around the end of the 19th century, the women's social status has been raised to almost the same level with men and the way of life has changed towards openness, in which men and women have almost daily contact with one another, so these days we can hardly find such veil style covering clothes around us.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.162-167
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• 2007

The courtyard life style ever existed as the major traditional living form in wide north China areas. The research made case study and specific analysis on the space organization, constitution and order of the courtyard living, as well as the dwelling accessory manners and transfer space patterns both inside and outside of the courtyard. Pingyao ancient city as the research sample (object), its courtyard composition, classification and characteristic are studied profoundly to explore local traditional cultural traits. On upon the analysis, the research is concluded that the civil courtyard in the ancient Pingyao city bears the feature of in a continuous changing process, which represented as 'from confined to opening', 'from narrow to wide', 'from public to private'. Despite of the courtyard dwelling location and direction, all accessories architectural items on the main room roof were influenced by the geomantic omen culture. As of the inside wall body, entrance and side wall of the courtyard, the woodcraft, stone carving, brick carving on above not only could functioned in architecture artistic, but also express the traditional education spiritual feature.