• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 기존의 제안된 LDP(Local Directional Pattern)에 기반하여 지역적인 얼굴특징을 표현하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 눈과 입과 같은 얼굴의 영구적인 특징과 표정이 변하면서 발생하는 일시적인 특징을 효과적으로 표현할 수 있도록 얼굴특징별로 크기와 형태를 달리하는 중첩 가능한 블록을 설정하고 이를 바탕으로 얼굴 특징벡터를 구성한다. 제안된 중첩 블록설정 및 특징 표현 방법은 기하학적 특징을 기반으로 하는 접근 방법의 장점을 수용할 뿐만 아니라 각 얼굴특징의 움직임 특성을 이용하여 얼굴검출에 대한 오류를 수용할 수 있고, 블록사이즈의 가변성으로 인한 공간정보를 유지할 수 있어 표본오차를 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 실험결과, 제안된 방법은 기존 방법에 비해 인식률이 향상됨을 확인하였고, 기존 얼굴 특징 벡터보다 길이가 짧기 때문에 연산량 또한 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2008

We injection molded a thin type of plate and wedge type of plate with micro prizm patterns on its surface and investigated the fidelity of replication of the micro pattern depending on the process parameter such as mold temperature, melt temperature, injection rate or packing pressure. The size of the $90^{\circ}$ prizm pattern is $50{\mu}m$ and the size of the plate is about $335mm{\times}213mm$ and $400mm{\times}400mm$. The thicknesses are 2.6mm and 0.7mm at each edge of the wedge type of plate and 1mm at each edge of the thin type of plate. The fidelity of the replication turned out quite different according to the process parameters and location of the patterns on the plate. We measured the cavity pressure and temperature in real-time during the molding to analyze the effect of the local melt pressure and temperature on the micro pattern replication.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.537-546
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• 2000

The heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant-oil mixture for horizontal in-tube evaporator have been investigated experimentally. A smooth copper tube and a micro-fin tube with nominal 9.5 mm outer diameter and 1500 mm length were tested. For the pure refrigerant flow, the dependence of the axial heat transfer coefficient on quality was weak in the smooth tube, but in the micro-fin tube, the coefficients were 3 to 10 times greater as quality increases. Oil addition to pure refrigerant in the smooth tube altered the flow pattern dramatically at low mass fluxes, with a resultant enhancement of the wetting area by vigorous foaming. The heat transfer coefficients of the mixture for low and medium qualities were increased at low mass fluxes. In the micro-fin tube, however, the addition of oil deteriorates the local heat transfer performance for most of the quality range, except for low quality. The micro-fin tube consequently loses its advantage of high heat transfer performance for an oil fraction of 5%. Results are presented as plots of local heat transfer coefficient versus quality.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 기존 LDP 코드의 문제점을 보완하고 화소의 색상 정보와 밝기 정보, 에지 방향 정보, 그리고 에지 반응 크기 정보를 포함할 수 있는 새로운 LDP를 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 얼굴색 정보를 포함하기 위해 기존 LDP 코드를 줄이는 방법을 제안하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 새로운 LDP 코드는 기존 LDP 코드와 달리 6비트로 표현함으로써 나머지 2비트에 필요로 하는 정보를 포함할 수 있도록 하였으며, 기존 LDP 코드에 비해서 잡음과 환경 변화에 효과적으로 적응할 수 있도록 하였다. 실험 결과 제안된 LDP 코드는 기존 방법들에 비해 높은 인식률 향상과 얼굴 표정인식 결과에서도 효과적임을 보여주었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.849-856
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• 2006

In this paper, fabric composite draping on hemisphere moulds were studied to find out the deformation behaviour of micro-tow structures of fabrics during draping and thermoforming. Aluminium and PVC foams were used to fabricate the hemisphere moulds for draping tests. In order to observe the local tow deformation pattern during the draping several specimens for microscopic observation were sectioned from the draped hemisphere structures. The effect of forming condition and mould properties on tow deformation was investigated by the microscopic observation of the tow parameters such as crimp angle. Normalization scheme was performed to compare tow parameter variations with different forming conditions. Stress-strain .elations of two different PVC foams (HT70 and HT110) were tested to investigate the effect of foam property on the micro-tow deformation during forming.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2002

디지털/정보 혁명과 지역경제개혁(micro-economic reforms)을 바탕으로 한 공공정책의 성과는 자산, 환경, 시설물, 주소관리 및 도시계획 등과 관련된 공간정보의 수치공간자료처리(digital spatial data handling, DSDH)에 대한 지방자치단체에서의 적용 가능성 타진을 위한 노력을 촉진시켰다. 이러한 노력의 결과는 지방정부가 DSDH와 관련된 공공정책을 수행할 수 있는 충분한 근거 및 가치를 부여한다. 그러나 실험연구에 의해 나타난 접근방식과 확산율은 지역의 제도적 문화적 여건 즉, 지리적 다양성에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있다. 따라서 지역의 지리적 다양성은 지방자치단체가 수치공간자료처리의 채택 유무를 결정할 수 있는 중요한 요소가 될 수 있다. 이들의 중요성은 부분적으로 사례연구의 평가를 통해서 예견할 수 있다. 이러한 결론은 한국과 호주 지방자치단체의 DSDH 적용에 관한 연구 사례를 참조함으로써 도출되었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1014-1023
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• 2016

In this study, we presented a method for non-square Differential LBP operation that can well describe the micro pattern in the horizontal and vertical component. We proposed a way to represent a LBP operation with various direction components as well as the diagonal component. In order to verify the validity of the proposed operation, Differential LBP was investigated with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the classification of facial expression. In accuracy comparison proposed LBP operation obtains better results than Square LBP and LBP-CS operations. Also, Proposed Differential LBP gets better results than previous two methods in the sensitivity and specificity indicators 'Neutral', 'Happiness', 'Surprise', and 'Anger' and excellence Differential LBP was confirmed.

• Composite Materials and Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.221-239
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• 2021

This paper presents a multiscale modeling method for sheet molding compound (SMC) composites through a novel bundle packing reconstruction algorithm based on a micro-CT (Computed Tomography) image processing. Due to the complex flow pattern during the compression molding process, the SMC composites show a spatially varying orientation and overlapping of fiber bundles. Therefore, significant inhomogeneity and anisotropy are commonly observed and pose a tremendous challenge to predicting SMC composites' properties. For high-fidelity modeling of the SMC composites, the statistical distributions for the fiber orientation and local volume fraction are characterized from micro-CT images of real SMC composites. After that, a novel bundle packing reconstruction algorithm for a high-fidelity SMC model is proposed by considering the statistical distributions. A method for evaluating specimen level's strength and stiffness is also proposed from a set of high-fidelity SMC models. Finally, the proposed multiscale modeling methodology is experimentally validated through a tensile test.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

Purpose: Healthcare is on the whole a personal and critical service that consumer's use, whereas hospitalization is as a rule painful, because nature nurtures and Sun Light Luminosity for healthcare settings is considered healing. The performance and design of climate responsive buildings such as AKU requires a detailed study of attributes of climate both at micro as well as macro level. The therapeutic value of contact with nature through window view, greenery and landscape is calculated there. Method: A two prong strategy is been devised for this article, at micro level three typical morphologies are analysed by creating same environment of neighboring building on sun shading chart, radiation and temperature range. Since the analysis of local climate helps to determine the design strategies for hospital Healing Environment which is suitable for Karachi climate; in order to track the macro climatic behaviour, a considerable analysis of psychometrics chart for AKU Karachi are designed on Climate Consultant (CC) and analysed by Machine Learning. Climate Consultant proposes different design strategies suitable for Karachi. And on the other hand time wise illumination sources for clinical area which are then measured on psychrometric chart- according to singular space: multi patient admission, secondly: acute ambulatory ward, and tertiary: multi windowed space according to the mushrabiyah and sky light pattern. Result: Our findings support the hypothesis that windowed wall is 75-80% more healing wall; an accelerated evidence was found for healing at macro level if the form of the hospital is designed according to the climatologically preferences, whereas at micro level: the light resource becomes the staff attentiveness determinant. In Conclusion evidence was provided that the actual form of luminosity results consequently in satisfaction while light entering from several set of windows and other sources might be valued if design according to the healing environment. The data added on the sun shading chart to calculate rays entraining into space in patient room equal to 124416.21 Watts/ meter $m^2$ is calculated as precise healing rate-and is confirmed by questionnaire from patients belonging from each clinical stage having different illnesses.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2022

This paper investigated computationally and experimentally the interaction here between a notch as well as a micropore under uniaxial compression. Brazilian tensile strength, uniaxial tensile strength, as well as biaxial tensile strength are used to calibrate PFC2d at first. Then, uniaxial compression test was conducted which they included internal notch and micro pore. Experimental and numerical building of 9 models including notch and micro pore were conducted. Model dimensions of models are 10 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm. Joint length was 2 cm. Joints angles were 30°, 45° and 60°. The position of micro pore for all joint angles was 2cm upper than top of the joint, 2 cm upper than middle of joint and 2 cm upper than the joint lower tip, discreetly. The numerical model's dimensions were 5.4 cm × 10.8 cm. The fractures were 2 cm in length and had angularities of 30, 45, and 60 degrees. The pore had a diameter of 1 cm and was located at the top of the notch, 2 cm above the top, 2 cm above the middle, and 2 cm above the bottom tip of the joint. The uniaxial compression strength of the model material was 10 MPa. The local damping ratio was 0.7. At 0.016 mm per second, it loaded. The results show that failure pattern affects uniaxial compressive strength whereas notch orientation and pore condition impact failure pattern. From the notch tips, a two-wing fracture spreads almost parallel to the usual load until it unites with the sample edge. Additionally, two wing fractures start at the hole. Both of these cracks join the sample edge and one of them joins the notch. The number of wing cracks increased as the joint angle rose. There aren't many AE effects in the early phases of loading, but they quickly build up until the applied stress reaches its maximum. Each stress decrease was also followed by several AE effects. By raising the joint angularities from 30° to 60°, uniaxial strength was reduced. The failure strengths in both the numerical simulation and the actual test are quite similar.