• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.88-109
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines the effects of host country's non-economic factors on foreign affiliate's financial and operational performance. Design/Methodology - Using Korean-owned foreign affiliate-level data, we employ various measures that represent host country's non-economic factors and examine their effects on foreign affiliate's performance. We further investigate the effects of local top managers and local middle managers on the impact of country's non-economic factors on foreign affiliate's performance. Findings - We find that local top managers are effective in increasing foreign affiliate's financial performance by dealing with institutional and cultural factors, particularly in high-income countries, while local middle managers are effective in increasing affiliate's operational performance by responding to the changes in doing business factors, particularly in low-income countries. Originality/value - Considering that most of previous FDI studies focus on examining host country's economic factors on firm's FDI decision, our findings suggest that country's non-economic factors are strongly associated with actual business performance of foreign affiliates.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2016

This study examined the recognition differences between local residents and national park managers on the adjustment of national parks which are conducted every ten years for the purpose of providing basic information for the park management, according to the Natural Parks Act. Both local residents and national park managers positively perceived the adjustment of national parks, but park managers showed concern towards the damage of natural resources resulting from the cancellation and adjustment of restricted development districts in Korean national parks. Local residents are more likely than park managers to recommend boundary adjustment in other national parks regarding the influence of parks adjustment on local change. While local residents recognized that the boundary adjustment of national parks improves the level of community management, park managers focused on damages on the local environment and the park landscape adjacent to the areas. The result shows the recognition differences of local residents and park managers. Further research into adjustment of national parks is necessary to diminish perception gaps among stakeholders and develop prediction indicators of cancellation effect in response to the future cancellation areas of national parks through the characteristics of cancellation communities, revitalization of local economy, and environmental change of local community.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-146
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• 2016

Local governments have absolute authority for the policy and budget. So the backgrounds of local cultural foundation managers vary depending on whether the priorities are close relationship with upper institutions and organizational stability or whether the managers are asked to conduct autonomous management based on professionalism to boost the development of local culture. There are conflicting opinions about managers of local cultural foundations; some argue that administrators are desirable as they can not only maintain close relationship with the local government but also establish and maintain organizational stability. Others argue that cultural art experts are desirable for professional and effective management. However, the conflict and debate kept going on without clarifying objective facts how those completely different backgrounds, such as administrators and cultural art experts, make the characteristics of managers different. In this regard, this study divides the managers of The National Local Cultural Foundations Association into administrator group and cultural art expert group. By comparing and analyzing their characteristics, This study will enhance the professionalism and efficiency of each group.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship of middle managers' authentic leadership with the staff's organizational commitment and job satisfaction at the Local Medical Center. Methods : The data were collected from 273 staff from the four Local Medical Centers in Chungnam Province using self-administered questionnaires. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS 23.0 program. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Sobel test. Results : Middle managers' authentic leadership had a significant positive effect on the job satisfaction and psychological empowerment of staff. Additionally, psychological empowerment showed mediating effects in the relationships among authentic leadership and organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Conclusions : To promote staff's organizational commitment and job satisfaction, it is necessary to build effective strategies to develop middle managers' authentic leadership and to promote empowering programs for the staff.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.192-210
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• 2023

Purpose - Vietnam has the fastest growing digital economy in Southeast Asia and is emerging as a critical overseas market for Korean banks in the post-COVID-19 era. Accordingly, many Korean banks entered the Vietnamese market to overcome the limitations of the saturated domestic financial market and create new revenue sources. This study examined the current status of digital finance in Vietnam and the cases of Korean banks that have succeeded in the Vietnamese market. Then, importance-performance analysis (IPA) was conducted on local customers, managers and staff members of Korean banks in Vietnam. Design/methodology - In this study, we analyzed the importance and satisfaction factors of mobile banking app usage in Vietnam through IPA. In particular, we identified the differences between the two groups by considering the viewpoint of customers who use mobile banking apps and that of managers and staff members who provide mobile banking services. Findings - The IPA results from the customer group and managers and staff members group were generally similar, but differences were observed in Ease of Use (Technology), Innovativeness (Organization), and Increase in Revenue (Economic). In the case of the customer group, Ease of Use (Technology) is located in the second quadrant, which shows low satisfaction compared to high importance. However, in the managers and staff members group, Ease of Use (Technology) is located in the first quadrant, which indicates high importance and high satisfaction. This difference in perception can cause complaints from local customers; thus, it is necessary to change the perception of the technological aspect for ease of use of mobile banking apps in consideration of the customer's position. In addition, it is necessary to allocate the resources invested in the Innovativeness (Organization) and Increase in Revenue (Economic) to Ease of Use (Technology). Originality/value - In this study, based on the HOTE framework, factors for using mobile banking apps were derived, and IPA was conducted targeting local customers (app user) and managers and staff members (app provider) of Korean banks in Vietnam. Through this, we presented the results of empirical analysis that can help Korean banks efficiently utilize limited resources and budgets.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.125-144
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• 2013

This aim in this study is to investigate the meaning of case management and management in general from the case manger's perspective, as well as case mangers' abilities and networks. We also propose a development direction for the establishment of a local integrated family-centered community management system. Regarding the collection of qualitative data, focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted with 11 case managers from social welfare organizations in the city of C. The interviews consisted of open-ended questions in the following four categories: understanding of case management, case managers' abilities, case management environments, and local community networks. According to the interview analysis, a total of 16 subcategories in 9 categories and 4 domains have been identified. Due to the ambiguity regarding the concept of case management, case management was completely dependent upon individual case managers' abilities. In particular, family-centered case management was found to exist in several organizations in the same region. In terms of case management environments, the following problems have been observed: absence of related departments and staff, confusion regarding performance evaluation standards, limitations in sharing information among organizations, limitations in resource exploration and management, redundant support, and an uncomfortable relationship between the private and public sector. Horizontal exchange and cooperation among organizations are essential to establish and facilitate a local community network. After all, to establish a local family-centered community case management system, the roles of a Healthy Families Center and a Multi-cultural Family Support Center as parts of a family-centered transfer system should be fully emphasized in local society, and the performance of family-centered case management should be developed.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.46-53
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• 1991

In the past, management had been done over nurses rather than nursing and this brought the existence of general manager and as a result, nurse-manager's position and role are being threatend. For the up-bringing of nursing to firm professional recognition in the 21st century, it is firmly believed that nursing managers are to be in the position to play the role of general manager with professional qualifications; personal qualities and exact understandings on the role and function of each tier group under her/his management. 124 top(3 nursing superintendents), middle-range(23 supervisors) and unit managers(98 head-nurses) from 3 university hospitals in Seoul were interviewed in order to investigate their belief in the role, professional qualifications, personal qualities as well as the strategy for the development of their leadership qualities. The frame of reference for the interview were developed by the researcher in reference to relevant literatures. It was the common belief that qualifications o[ top-managers and mid-managers require an educational background of master's preparation or higher and clinical career for at least 15 years for top-managers and 5 -10 years for mid-managers. The personal qualities required by nurse managers include; leadership, initiative, judgement, self-confidence, flexibility, open-mindedness and strong motivation. Achievment-orientedness would greatly help them become excellent managers. On the other hand, [or more effective management, managers of each teir group are to fully understand their role and perform "their job responsibilities ie. Top managers are supposed to study with emphasis on organization, function and conceptual s~ill while mid-managers concentrate their effort on the development of skills for direction, guidance and human relationship. Unit managers also supposed to have abilities to manage their function with emphasis on development of clinical performance skill, for direction on operative aspects. The strategies for the development of leadership qualities include program-planning at individual instutional level as well as local, national and international level. Nurse-managers are to be motivated and encouraged to participate in the programs in order to effectively communicate within tier groups.oups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

Despite the importance of disaster management officers of disaster management agencies at the local government to protect the lives of civilians and their properties, there is a lack of research or literature in their roles and responsibilities. In fact, there is a urgent need to set clear roles and responsibilities for them. This study scrutinizes how to disaster managers should behave in specific setting that differentiates from other administrative managers based on domestic and foreign literature review. Although, the role of disaster manager seem to be similar to administrative manager, there are some differences particularly in the areas that disaster manager has to work as an expert in saving lives and properties that has to be further emphasized. When working on disaster management process of prevention and resoration, the key task are based on mid and low level officers. On the other hand, preparedness and response process that involve rapid decision making and cooperation with other department, persuasion of local residents and resource pooling are carried out by mid and high level managers because it requires control capacity and decision making skills.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.57-85
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• 2013

This study was aimed at investigating the job characteristics and job environment of records managers who are in archives of autonomous districts, find out the problems with the management of duties for local records managers, and deduce the improvement methods that could help records managers more efficiently perform their duties. Through literature review, the study investigated the concept of basic autonomous districts, the allocated summary and duties of records managers through with basic autonomous districts, and the present conditions and duties of the archives through autonomous Gu offices that were in study. Based on the theories of job characteristics and job environment factors, the study drew up a survey that encompasses the present demographic summary, job characteristics, job environment, and working conditions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2021

Due to the significant size of overseas construction projects, the cost overrun has enormous impacts on the financial status of construction companies. The managers' appropriate perception and identification of key risk factors in the construction phase notably affect the performance of projects. However, the actual impacts of risk factors and local manager' s perception of them could be deviated. For this reason, we aim to compare the performance of actual cases and general opinions of responsible practitioners in terms of risk factors relevant to cost overruns in order to present a practical strategy for risk management. Firstly, factors classified from literature review were used to simulate 290 cost overruns data sets from 20 cases by introducing Monte-Carlo Simulation and were ranked by standardized coefficients through multiple regression analysis. Secondly, a survey was conducted against 42 local managers to rank their perception of impact on cost overrun with identical factors by using Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA). Comparison results show that conflicts such as 'conflict with subcontractors' and 'conflict with the local community' have caused excessive cost overrun. However, managers' perception of these as less significant than the actual influences and consider other risks such as 'material price fluctuation' and 'construction quality errors', as relatively serious. Therefore, education for local managers on conflict risks needs to be presented.