• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate food service management system and nutrition education of the early childhood education institute in Yongdungpo, Seoul. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 26 public early childhood education institute and 34 private ones. A majority of the teachers were women over 40 with at least bachelor's degree. Other than the fact that food service provides food to the children, it contributed in providing the essential nutrients to the children, as well as giving them the opportunity to learn table manners. A normal food service would provide one set of lunch and two sets of snacks, which would be provided by the institute itself. In most cases, the director or teachers planned the menus instead of dietitians. Journals, cookbooks, and other information put out by mass communication, such as TV and newspapers, were used as reference to those menus. The factors considered in planning the menus were mainly nutritional balance and the children's food preference. The difficulties in meal management were about the budget and nutritional menu planning. Fifty five percent of the subjects were did nutrition education, and they focused mainly on the table manners and hygiene education but once a year. The difficulties and complaints in execution nutrition education at the institutes were lack of nutritional knowledge, personal shortage, and excessive work. The institutes were urgently requesting for menu provisions from local Public Health Clinics. As a recommendation from the results of this study, food service management and nutrition related subjects should be more enforced into the nursery teacher training curriculum. Also, it is necessary to provide nutrition education to teachers, and as a link, the need to develop a manual for nutrition education has become urgent.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 1991

On the stage of transition from highly centralized government to local self-government in Korea, administrating practice characteristics of the directors of Health Centers is essentially required to be found. This study was conducted in order to find the administration patte군 of the directors of Health Centers in Korea and their opinion on the environment of health administration including personnel management regime for them. The materials were collected from 149 directors of Health Centers with a structured questionaire by mailing. The major findings of this study were as follows. 1. About two-thirds of the directors(69.1%) make plan through the consensus between public service perosonnel in programme department and them in budgt control department. And 75.0% of the directors maintain the planed by the predecessor. 2. More than two-thirds of the directors (71.1%) take subordinates opinion into consideration in case of the programmes facing objections. 3. When the directors face obstacles in pursuing health programmes they usually consult other public service personnel than inhabitants. 4. Only 10.8% of the directors were satisfied with the support of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for health administration while more than half of them were satisfied with the support of health institution in higher level. 5. The directors evaluated the job attitude of the public service personnel in low level as more favorable than that of there higher level public service personnel who work for central government. 6. Only 18.1% of the idrectors were satisfied with their saley. And more than half of them expect the promotion of their position. On the ground of this result the administration attitude of the directors of Health Centers would be evaluated as improved and as more positive than that of other public service personnel in health authorities. However, they are required to consult the inhabitants more frequently for health administration. An the public service personnel in high level who work for central government are required to improve their job attitude.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to resolve the issues of inferior housing environment and the population decrease in rural community by improving the environment and attracting urban inhabitants. A simulation on the costs and the local programs was operated from a point of view that Pension Insurance House with Long-term Lease and a plan for the program in connection with local resources should be accompanied to attract urban inhabitants. The study was carried out through mainly documents analysis and specialists' opinions. The simulation results are as follows. Firstly, the pre-existing rural housing development projects have only emphasized the hardware, while underestimated the post-management with operating programs. The software should be underlined when Pension Insurance House is developed. Secondly, as a result of the simulation on construction expenditure and the operating and maintenance cost for 30 years, about 82.3 million Wons are necessary residential expenses for 15 years per unit. Thirdly, in case of MUJU County, it has made the most of its pre-existing institutions. It's medical institutions provide medical care system with health education, facilities related leisure and culture offer recreational programs and the local community center and its program of each town helps new habitants adopt to the rural life. Additionally, the employment project of a local welfare center allow people living in a rural community to continue their careers with their talents and interests through local class programs for a life worth living. Lastly, guide for getting information of rural life, local community gathering and preliminary education should be carried out to reduce expectant tenants' incompatibility and assist them settle down early. The community program expansion is also required at the local government level.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2004

Water and chloroform/methanol extracts of the three local Malaysian snakehead fish, Channa striatus (striped snakehead), Channa micropeltes (giant snakehead) and Channa lucius (blotched snakehead) were evaluated for inhibitory activity in chronic inflammation, using cotton pellet granuloma test. Both water extracts of C. striatus and C. micropeltes showed marked inhibition of the transudative and proliferative components of chronic inflammation (42.9 and 31.2% respectively for C. striatus, 35.6 and 26.2% for C. micropeltes) when compared to those of mefenamic acid (25.1 and 21.3% respectively) and piroxicam (36.1 and 26.2% respectively). The chloroform/methanol extracts did not exhibit any anti-inflammatory effects. These results indicated that C. striatus has more anti-transudative and anti-proliferative activities than the extract of C. micropletes. C. lucius extract in contrast, did not inhibit these two components. This present study indicated the beneficial effects of the water extracts of C. striatus and C. micropeltes, but not C. lucius on chronic inflammation.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.128-146
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• 2006

The objective of this paper is to examine the proportion and characteristics of non-emergent patients at emergency departments. The observational survey was conducted using a structured form used by emergency medicine specialists or senior residents on June 7-20, 2005. 1,526 patients at ten emergency centers took part in this study. The structural form contained type of insurance, route and means of emergency department (ED) visit, triage based on the Manchester Triage Scale(MTS)-modified criteria, emergency level based on the government defined rule, type of emergency centers (Regional Emergency Medical Center; REMC, Local Emergency Medical Center; LEMC, Local Emergency Agency; LEA), as well as patient's general information. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical program(V.8.2). Descriptive analysis was performed to describe the magnitude of non-emergent patients. ${\chi}^2-analysis$ and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the nonurgent patients' characteristics. In the MTS-modified criteria, we found a 15.3% rate of non-emergent patients. This rate differed from that of non-emergent patients obtained using government's rule. In particular, there were inaccuracies in the definition of government rule on non-emergent patients, so it is necessary to apply the new government rule regarding classification of non-emergent patients. There were significant differences in the rate of non-emergent patients according to type of ED, means of ED visit, time to visit, and insurance. Non-emergent patients are more likely to visit a D-type ED(LEA having less than 20,000 patients annually), not to use ambulance, to have 'Automobile Insurance, Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance, or pay out-of-pocket'. Non-emergent patients tend to visit ED due to illness rather than injury. Further studies on the development' of triage scale and reexamination of the government's rule on emergency visits are required for future policy in this area.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to propose an indirect exposure assessment method using a questionnaire survey at a time when direct exposure assessment would be impossible after a chemical accident. Methods: About two weeks after an accident, a questionnaire survey was performed with 1,264 persons from the local community. Variables related to exposure were extracted from the survey contents, weighted and then graded for comparison with subjective symptoms in order to evaluate the extent of exposure. Survey items suitable for reflecting the previous exposure level during the accident were extracted, weighted and divided into quartile ranges. Subjective symptoms showed an increasing tendency with higher exposure level when compared with final exposure level (p<0.01). Results: For the relationship between the final exposure grade and subjective symptoms, as the exposure grade was increasing the rates complaining of symptom also showed an increasing tendency. However, when adjusted for demographic characteristics, there was a tendency for the eye irritation symptom to appear higher in women, and respiratory organ irritation appeared higher in smokers. Conclusions: When the problem of recall bias is considered, this study may not have completely unraveled exposure and the characteristics of the participants can affect subjective symptoms. Nevertheless, the exposure rating method of using a questionnaire showed a significant relationship with symptom level. It can be deemed that assessment of past exposure may be successfully evaluated by questionnaire in cases such as chemical accidents.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intake and foodservice satisfaction of homebound elderly had lunch at the local community centers by the difference of meal service charge. Two local community center with cons-regate meal service program located in Daegu and Gyongsan were selected; one with free of meal service charge (F), and the other with 500-1,000 won for meal service charge (K), According to the dietary assessment, energy and nutrient intakes of the 156 elderly subjects were as a whole under the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Elderly or F service conte. showed higher $\%$ RDA for the selected nutrients and MAR (mean adequacy ratio) than those of K service center (p<0.001). Participants were satisfied with most of the congregation meal service from community conte. with different reasons such as 'tasty (K service center)' and 'free of charge (F service center)'. In conclusion, elderly had the lunch at the community center with free of meal service charge was poor nutrition status and lower socioeconomic level than the other type of community center in this area. Therefore, healthy menu for elderly should be developed and managed by professional dietitian, as well as its impact on health status of this group, and congregate meal service system might be extended to the homebound elderly of whole community with free of charge.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8141-8143
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• 2016

Background: to evaluate the outcome of stapled colo-anal anastomoses after extended low anterior resection for distal rectal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of fifty patients who underwent coloanal anastomoses after extended low anterior resection was conducted at Imam Hospital from September 2007 up to July 2012. Results: The distance of the tumor from anal verge was 3 to 8 cm. Anastomotic leakage developed in 6% of patients and defecation problems in 16%. One-year local recurrence was 6% while three-year local recurrence was 4%. One-year systemic recurrence was seen in 22% while three-year systemic recurrence was seen in 20%. Conclusions: Colo-anal anastomoses after extended low anterior resection for distal rectal carcinoma can be conducted safely.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2007

Since 1996, the Health Promotion Programme spearheaded by the Korean Central Government has been actively developing and recently, the Healthy City Project led by the local autonomous entities have also been actively promoted. Healthy City is one in which the health and well-being of the citizens are given the utmost importance in the decision-making of the city. While the Health Promotion Programme focuses on changing the "health behavior" of the people, the Healthy City Project, a policy to improve the existing inequality of public health services, deals with more essential health factors and requires political support as well as a new organization. The Healthy City paradigm based on the New Public Health started in England and ever since the Healthy City Model Project spearheaded by the EURO WHO began in 1986, the Alliance for Healthy Cities centered in the West Pacific region supported by the WHO in Oct 2003 was inaugurated. 19 Korean cities are full members of the Alliance for Healthy Cities and 2 laboratories are associate members. The Ministry of Health and Welfare has held the Healthy City Forum consisting of related officials, experts and representatives of civic bodies on 6 occasions since Dec 2005. The need for adequate administrative and financial support from the Central Government to the local autonomous entities governing the Healthy Cities was raised. It is hoped that this Healthy City Project will bring about the improved health conditions of the people as well as promote the equality of the public health services.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

This study was conducted to compare and analyze 877 cases of health insurance claims from the first half of 1999 requested to the dental centers of local health centers in rural areas and 510 identical cases from the first half of 2003. It was purposed to understand the trend of rural residents' visits to local health centers and to use the collected data as the basis needed for the vitalization of local dental cares to efficiently improve Korean citizens' dental hygiene. The results were shown as below: 1. The sexes of the visitors were fairly evenly distributed for each year. 2. Among the total of 39 types of diseases treated, 1999 had 31.9% of visits for 'Gingivitis and periodontal diseases' with 25.4% from ages between 10 and 19, for statistically attentive results. On the other hand, 2003 had 46.5% of visits for 'Oral examination' with 52.9% from ages between 0 and 9, for statistically attentive results. 3. For the distribution of age groups, majority in 1999 made visits for dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease, whereas majority in 2003 were for oral examination, dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease.