• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권4A호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2010

Ad-hoc 네트워크에서는 전력을 제어할 기지국의 부재로 시스템의 성능을 최적화 시키는 중앙 전력 제어가 불가능하여, 각 노드들은 독립적이고 자동적인 방식으로 분산형 전력 제어 알고리즘을 수행해야 한다. 기존의 분산형 전력 제어 알고리즘은 수신 신호의 SINR (signal to interference and noise ratio)에 따라 MCS (modulation and coding scheme) 레벨을 변화 시키는 adaptive bit loading operation을 고려하지 않기 때문에, 전체 throughput 향상에 제한이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Ad-hoc 환경에서 전체 throughput 을 향상시키고, outage 확률을 낮추기 위해 MCS 레벨에 따라 adaptive bit loading operation을 고려한 분산형 전력 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 컴퓨터 모의실험 결과 매우 큰 throughput 향상과 outage 확률 감소의 성능 향상을 확인할 수 있다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2023

Drained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on a saturated sand to examine its deformation characteristics under either axial or lateral cyclic loading condition. To apply lateral cyclic loading, the cell pressure was cycled while maintaining a constant vertical stress. The strain accumulations and flow direction in the soil were presented and discussed considering various initial stress ratios (η₀), cyclic stress amplitudes and cyclic stress paths. The results indicate that axial strain accumulation shows an exponential increase with the maximum stress ratio (η^max). The initial deviatoric stress has comparable effects with lateral cyclic stress amplitude on the accumulated axial strain. In contrast, the accumulated volumetric strain is directly proportional to the lateral cyclic stress amplitude but not much affected by η₀ values. Due to the anisotropy of the soil, the accumulated axial and lateral bulging strains are greater in lateral cyclic loading when compared to axial cyclic loading even though η^max is the same. It is also found that η^max affects soil's lateral deformation and increasing the ratio could change the lateral deformation from contraction to bulging. The flow direction depends on η^max in the sand under lateral cyclic loading, regardless of η₀ values and the cyclic stress amplitudes, and a large η^max could lead to great deviatoric strain but a little volumetric strain accumulation.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2004

Micro-tensile testing system, consisting of a micro tensile loading system and micro-ESPI(Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) system, has been developed for measurement of micro-tensile properties of thin micro-materials. Micro-tensile loading system had a load cell with the maximum capacity of 50N and micro actuator with resolution of 4.5nm in stroke. The system was used to apply a tensile load to the micro-sized specimen. During tensile loading, the micro-ESPI system acquired interferornetric speckle patterns in the deformed specimen and measured the in-plane tensile strain. The ESPI system consisted of a CCD-camera with a lens and the window-based program developed for this experiment. Using this system, stress-strain curves for 4 kinds of electrolytic copper foil 18$\square$m thick were obtained. From these curves, tensile properties, including the elastic modulus. yielding strength and tensile strength, were determined and also values of the plastic exponent and coefficient based on Ramberg-Osgood relationship were evaluated.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2013

본 연구는 기업물류와 물류비 및 컨테이너 운송의 개념을 정리하고, 한국 기업의 물류 중 비중이 큰 수송의 효율성 제고를 중심으로 물류비 절감방안을 제안하고 있다. 한국 S사의 사례연구를 통해 다수 출발지와 다수의 도착지를 고려한 컨테이너 화물적재에 대한 문제점을 분석과 토론을 하고자 한다. 혼합적재를 위한 조건들과 컨테이너 적재결정을 위한 규칙기반 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 또한 화물운송 비용 최소화를 위해 적절한 규칙을 선택하여 적재를 결정 하는 알고리즘을 제시하고 있다. 데이터마이닝 및 OLAP 도구인 MS 분석 서비스를 이용하여 혼합적재를 위한 규칙들을 생성하고 OLAP 큐브 및 의사결정트리를 생성하여 규칙을 검증한다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.119-135
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• 1995

We consider problems of tool loading and scheduling in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) in which tool transportation constitutes the major portion of material flows. In this type of FMSs, parts are initially assigned to machines and released to the machines according to input sequencing rules. Operations for the parts released to the machines are performed by tools initially loaded onto the machines or provided by an automatic tool transport robot when needed. For an efficient operation of such systems, therefore, we may have to consider loading and scheduling problems for tools in addition to those for parts. In this paper, we consider three problems, part loading, tool loading, and tool scheduling problems with the overall objective of minimizing the makespan. The part loading problem is solved by a method similar to that for the bin packing problem and then a heuristic based on the frequency of tool usage is applied for tool loading. Also suggested are part input sequencing and tool scheduling rules. To show the effectiveness of the overall algorithm suggested here, we compare it with an existing algorithm through a series of computational tests on randomly generated test problems.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

In this study, to investigate the effects of omitting low-amplitude cycles from a flight-simulation loading, crack growth tests were conducted on 2124-T851 aluminum alloy specimens. Three test spectra were generated by omitting small load ranges as counted by the rain-flow count method. The crack growth test results were compared with the data obtained from the flight-simulation loading. The experimental results show that the ranges equal to or smaller than 5% of the maximum load do not contribute to crack growth behavior because these are below the initial stress intensity factor range. Omitting these from the flight-simulation loading, test time can be reduced by 54%. However, in the case of omitting the load ranges below 15% of the maximum load, crack growth rates decreased, and crack growth curve deviated from the crack growth data under the flight-simulation loading because loading cycles above fatigue fracture toughness were omitted.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2001

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of loading sequence and lateral bracing on the behavior of reduced beam section (RBS) steel moment frame connections. Four full-scale moment connections were cyclically tested-two with a standard loading history and the other two with a near-fault loading history. All specimens reached at least 0.03 radian of plastic rotation without brittle fracture of the beam flange groove welds. Two specimens tested with the nearfault loading protocol reached at least 0.05 radian of plastic rotation, and both experienced smaller buckling amplitudes at comparable drift levels. Energy dissipation capacities were insensitive to the types of loading protocol used. Adding a lateral bracing near the RBS region produced a higher plastic rotation; the strength degradation and buckling amplitude were reduced. A non-linear finite element analysis of a one-and-a-half-bay beam-column subassembly was also conducted to study the system restraint effect. The study showed that the axial restraint of the beam could significantly reduce the strength degradation and buckling amplitude at higher deformation levels.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1259-1266
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• 2022

적부계획은 화물, 선적/양하지 및 본선의 정보를 토대로 합리적인 적부와 고박 방법을 사전에 수립하고, 합의하여 계획적으로 시행함으로써 안전하게 적재하기 위해 필수적인 과정이다. 또한, 계획에 따라서 배 1척당 약 14% 이상의 적부량의 차이가 발생할 수 있으며, 이로 인하여 공차율이 발생하고 해상 운송료의 증가로 이어진다. 본 연구에서는 철강 코일 선적의 작업환경과 공정의 기준과 철강 코일 선적 관련 선급 규정 및 지침을 분석하였다. 그리고 실적 데이터 기반 선적 밸런싱 및 안정성 분석을 통하여 최적의 적부계획을 도출하는 철강 코일 선적 및 배치 자동화 시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.175-180
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• 2002

Loading/Unloading(L/UL) mechanism has been considered to be an alternative to contact start-stop(CSS) mechanism which eliminates stiction and wear associated with frequent start and stop process. It has other advantages including increased areal density due to lower flying height, reduced power consumption, and improved shock resistance. In order for L/UL to be Implemented in Near-field recording system properly, dynamics of optical flying head must be understood and optimized. In this paper the dynamic characteristics during loading process is analyzed numerically to investigate the effect of design parameters such as loading speed. slider shape, and initia conditions on the dynamic reponses of flying head..

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3426-3433
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• 2015

본 논문은 제한된 철도 수송능력 환경에서 여객과 화물을 동시에 수송하기 위한 복합화물열차의 화물 배치를 위한 방법 중, 라운드 컨베이어 시스템과 세로형 순환식 시스템. 가로형 순환식 시스템을 각각 P 택배사의 지역간 운송 화물량을 기준으로 부산에서 대구, 대전, 오송을 거쳐 서울에 도착함을 가정하여 각각 도착역별로 상하차 시간을 계산하였다. 그 결과 가로형 순환식 시스템은 화물 적재 가능량도 적었으며 상하차 시간도 434초로 가장 많이 소요되었고 세로형 순환식 시스템이 상차 시간이 다소 많이 소요되었지만, 총 소요시간에서는 408초로 가장 우수한 특성을 보였다. 각각 시스템별로 상하차 시간을 비교함으로 향후 복합화물열차 제작시에 유용한 방법을 제시하고 복합화물열차의 화물 운송 효율을 증진하고자 한다.