• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.85-106
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• 2015

Postbuckling of thick plates made of functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to in-plane compressive, thermal and thermomechanical loads is investigated in this work. It is assumed that the plate is in contact with a Pasternak-type elastic foundation during deformation. Thermomechanical non-homogeneous properties are considered to be temperature independent, and graded smoothly by the distribution of power law across the thickness in the thickness in terms of the volume fractions of constituents. By employing the higher order shear deformation plate theory together the non-linear von-Karman strain-displacement relations, the equilibrium and compatibility equations of imperfect FGM plates are derived. The Galerkin technique is used to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths for simply supported plates. Numerical examples are presented to show the influences of power law index, foundation stiffness and imperfection on the buckling and postbuckling loading capacity of the plates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.541-552
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• 1997

In this paper the ultimate strength of the R/C cooling towers, which have initial imperfection and pre-cracked elements, is analyzed. The initial geometric imperfections arise from the unavoidable inaccuracies under the construction and the pre-cracks are assumed to be produced by the temperature stress gradients or cyclic loading under wind pressure and/or earthquake load. Both effects are strongly influenced on the strength of the R/C cooling tower shell structures. The reinforcing ratio is also the important factor to evaluate the ultimate strength of the R/C cooling tower shells. However we could not analyze these structures experimentally because of their large, analyses are the powerful schemes to evaluate the safety and reliability of these structures. The analyzed model is Port Gibson cooling tower shell. In the numerical analysis the geometric and material nonlinearities are taken into account.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1355-1367
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• 2015

Steel conical shells have long been used in various parts of different structures. Sensitivity to the initial geometrical imperfection has been one of the most significant issues on the stability of these structures, which has made them highly vulnerable to the buckling. Most attention has been devoted to structures under normal fabrication related imperfections. Notwithstanding, the challenges of large local imperfections - presented herein as dent-shaped imperfections - have not been a focus yet for these structures. This study aims to provide experimental data on the effect of such imperfections on the buckling capacity of these shells under axial compression. The results show changes in the buckling mode and the capacity for such damaged thin specimens as is outlined in this paper, with an average overall capacity reduction of 11%.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2014

In this paper a nonlinear finite element analysis model is established for cold-formed steel zed-section purlins subjected to uplift loading. In the model, the lateral and rotational restraints provided by the sheeting to the purlin are simplified as a lateral rigid restraint imposed at the upper flange-web junction and a rotational spring restraint applied at the mid of the upper flange where the sheeting is fixed. The analyses are performed by considering both geometrical and material nonlinearities. The influences of the rotational spring stiffness and initial geometrical imperfections on the uplift loading capacity of the purlin are investigated numerically. It is found that the rotational spring stiffness has significant influence on the purlin performance. However, the influence of the initial geometric imperfections on the purlin performance is found only in purlins of medium or long length with no or low rotational spring stiffness.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.471-491
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• 2016

고전적인 한계 평형 해석에서 얕은 기초의 지지력은 토체 내부의 파괴면을 가정하여 시작한다. 하지만 입상체 역학의 관점에서 토체의 파괴는 접촉력 사슬 구조의 국부적인 좌굴에 의해 시작된다. 본 연구에서는 모형 토립자를 이용하여 구성한 입상체 상부에 얕은 기초 하중을 재하하여 파괴 시까지 입상체 내부의 접촉력 사슬 분포가 어떻게 변화하는지 관찰하였다. 초기 결함이 없이 규칙적인 구조를 가지는 조건과 입상체 하부에 초기 국부적인 불완전성이 있는 조건을 가진 두 가지 종류의 입상체를 준비하여 실험하였다. 입상체 내부에서 발생하는 접촉력 사슬 구조의 방향 분포는 초기 불완전성의 여부에 따라 매우 큰 차이를 보였다. 초기 불완전성이 있는 입상체는 결함이 없는 입상체가 견딘 하중의 67%만을 견딜 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.223-236
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• 2015

Despite the proliferation of the industrial application of steel tubes, the effect of collision on the surface of steel tubes subject to cyclic loading has largely remained untouched. This paper studies the fatigue behavior of steel tubes which are impacted by an external object. A dent imperfection caused by a collision was modeled and fatigue tests were conducted using a MTS machine. Fatigue life as well as the failure modes were thoroughly discussed in a way that the fatigue life of the dented tubes with similar geometrical specifications at full-scale can be generalized.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Important characteristics of the previously proposed reduced stiffness method and a summery of its design curves for the buckling of the axially loaded sandwich cylindrical shells is presented. Comparison of the lower bound obtained with FEM analysis with that from the reduced stiffness analysis shows that the proposed reduced stiffness method can provide safe lower bounds for the buckling of geometrically imperfect, axially loaded sandwich cylindrical shells. One of the attractive features of the reduced stiffness elastic lower bound analysis is that it provides safe estimates of buckling loads that do not depend on the specification of the precise magnitude of the imperfection spectra. As a result, designers can readily apply this method without being worried about possible geometrical imperfections that might be generated during fabrication and construction of sandwich cylindrical shells.

• 한국공간구조학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간구조학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표회 및 정기총회 2권1호(통권2호)
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• pp.161-166
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• 2005

In spatial structures with large spaces, one important issue in structures with large spaces is how to carry the weight of the roof. A tensegrity cable dome structure is a kind of soft structural system using the tension cable and compression column as a main element. The tensegrity cable dome is built into a variety of shape around the world but then a collapse accident is increasing. Owing to a collapse accident we must grip of the collapse mechanism to prevent an accident and construct the structure with safety and economy. In this study, I investigated the unstable characteristics of the Geiger-type and Flower-type tcnsegrity cable dome structures, which is the lightweight hybrid structures using compression and tension elements continuously, according to the difference of loading conditions.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호통권36호
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• pp.407-421
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 박판구조물의 좌굴모드 및 좌굴응력값을 구하기 위해서 spline finite strip method를 이용하여 박판구조물이 흔히 좌굴을 일으키기 전에 다양한 초기부정형으로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 전좌굴변형 및 비선형 응력-변형률 관계를 포함한 비선형 비탄성 좌굴해석프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 방법은 다양한 지점조건과 임의의 하중조건을 가지는 박판구조물에 적용이 가능하며, 초기부정형과 잔류응력을 포함하고 있는 다양한 형태의 박판구조물의 비선형 좌굴거동을 보다 정확하게 예측할 수가 있었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.57-72
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• 1999

Traditional theories of the tensile failure of paper have assumed that uniform strain progresses throughout the sheet until an imperfection within the structure causes a catastrophic break. The resistance to tensile elongation is assumed to be elastic , at first, throughout the structure, followed by an overall plastic yield. However, linear image strain analysis (LISA) has demonstrated that the yield in tensile loading of paper is quite non-uniform throughout the structure, Traditional theories have failed to define the flaws that trigger catastrophic failure. It was assumed that a shive or perhaps a low basis weight area filled that role. Studies of the fracture mechanics of paper have typically utilized a well-defined flaw around which yield and failure could be examined . The flaw was a simple razor cut normal to the direction of tensile loading. Such testing is labeled mode I analysis. The included fla in the paper was always normal to the tensile loading direction, never at another orientation . However, shives or low basis weight zones are likely to be at random angular orientations in the sheet. The effects of angular flaws within the tensile test were examined. The strain energy density theory and experimental work demonstrate the change in crack propagation from mode I to mode IIas the initial flaw angle of crack propagation as a function of the initial flaw angle is predicted and experimentally demonstrated.