• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.124-134
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 LNG선의 화물하역 중 비상 상황시 펌프를 정지시키고 선박측의 긴급 차단 밸브 및 육상측의 정지 밸브를 폐쇄시킬 때, 관내 유체의 급격한 속도변화에 의하여 발생하는 비정상 유동 상태인 서지(Surge)현상의 원인을 고찰하고, 이 때 발생하는 상승압력과 유량의 변화를 계산하였다. 해석 결과에 의하면 서지현상에 의한 과도한 압력상승은 선박측의 긴급 차단 밸브 및 육상측의 정지 밸브의 종류와 이들의 폐쇄 시간, 그리고 배관 배치에 크게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1988

Welding residual stresses were calculated by two dimensional thermal elasto-plastic analysis using element method. Complicated plastic behavior during heat transfer was simulated with time. Fist, temperature distributions. To consider time varying behavior of material properties and loading and unloading processes, iterative calculation based on initial stiffness method was carried out. The method proposed by Yamata was used in time increment control which determined the accuracy of claculation. comparison with other caculated and experimental results shows fairly good agreement.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.672-678
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a stacking guidance system (SGS) of containers in the mobile harbor (MH). A mobile harbor is a floating structure especially designed for loading and unloading containers from and to a large container ship. A novel stacking guidance system was proposed for unloading the container in an effective way against possible vibrations of the floating body. The guidance system works as an aid for loading containers with a wider opening for easier stacking of a container into a moving storage cell due to waves. In order to determine the most effective inclination angle of the cell-guide, this study performed the dynamic analysis of the SGS equipped in the MH subject to fluctuations of the sea. The motions of the guidance system and a container loaded were calculated using ADAMS. The simulation results of the contact force between the two rigid bodies showed that a desirable angle of the cell-guide should be around 20 degrees from the vertical. This proposed SGS can considerably reduce the loading and unloading time, and will enhance the performance of the MH.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2011

Workers in logistics centers also are exposed to serious musculoskeletal disorders the same as workers in general manufacturing due to operating forklifts and other labor duties. The frequency of these work related injuries decreases, workers' job satisfaction In addition, it causes many employees questioning a job change, which is regarded as the primary factor which drops the productivity. In this paper, we conducted a survey ti perceive the correlation between work related injuries in the fields of distribution centers and job satisfaction. Furthermore we made statistical analysis with our findings. The results of our analysis showed that the frequency of work related injuries due to workers' repetitive loading and unloading work is the primary factor which lowers job satisfaction. In order to improve aforementioned problem we propose first of all loading and unloading on pallet basis, second of all automation and computerization of logistics systems, and third of all ensurinf sufficient break time.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.489-497
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• 2000

Since Chinese cabbages weigh 3 to 5kgf and are big in size at the time of harvest, handling operations such as harvesting, loading and unloading including transportation require the highest labor demand among all other cultivation processes. Recently, though several cabbage harvesters were developed in Japan and Europe, those harvesters were not suitable for Chinese cabbages cultivated in Korea because of the size and shape. The cabbage harvester is almost meaningless without any proper cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism. Most harvesters developed so far adopted a sort of slide and free falling way in collecting cabbages into the pallet. Three or four labors are usually required for cleaning incoming cabbages and loading those in the pallet. Because of the required time for piling cabbages without severe damage and the required space capacity to carry empty and loaded pallets, harvesting speed should be adjusted in accordance with time required for consecutive operations. Up to now, any automatic or semi-automatic collecting device has not been developed in the world to pile cabbages on the layer one by one into the pallet in the ordered way with little damage and to unload pallet from the harvester continuously during the harvest process. To compromise system expenses and function, Semi-automatic cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism was devised and it required one labor. The foldable mesh pallet with a size of 1050mm x 1050mm x 1000mm and holding capacity of around 70 cabbages was utilized. The prototype for piling and unloading mechanism was composed of three parts such as feeding device, automatic piling device with retractable bellows, and pallet unloading device. Prior to developing the prototype, the geometric properties and the amount of the damage of the cabbage caused during the piling operation were investigated. Considering the height of the pallet, a series of cabbage carrying plates were mounted to the bracket chain to lift and to carry cabbages to the loading device. Indoor laboratory experiments showed that the cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked successfully. Considering the conveying speed 0.46m/sec of the pull up belt from the cabbages on the ground, the speed of cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked property in the range of 0.26m/sec to 0.36m/sec. The system allowed the operator to modify the position of cabbage slightly. Overall system worked successfully resulting into almost same capacity without severe damage to the cabbage as human did.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1998

The Container crane is mainly used in the harbor. But in spite of this wide use, it is a fact that there are still areas for automation, concerning the operator and the control system. If the encoding function is enhanced, then control effect can be increased to some extent. Since the distance from the hoist to the trolley cam be measured, the moving distance from the loading and unloading can be minimized. If this is applied to the real system, hazard elements can be eliminated and in given time since more unloading can be done, congestion can be reduced.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제10A권5호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2003

컨테이너 터미널에서느 매일 24시간, 365일 운영하는 데에 있어서 다양한 의사결정을 필요로 하며, 이 모든 의사결정들은 상호 관계를 가지게 된다. 이러한 의사결정의 궁극적인 목표는 선박 작업시간, 작업 처리를 위해 사용되는 자원들, 터미널 내부 도로의 혼잡도 등을 최소화하는 것이다. 또한 필요한 저장 공간을 효율적으로 이용하는 것이다. 따라서 컨테이너 터미널의 운용 효율을 더 한층 강화하기 위해서는 이러한 의사결정의 범위와 복잡성이 더해지게 되어 의사결정 도구의 필요성이 강조될 수 밖에 없다. 이 논문은 이러한 목적을 위해 의사결정시스템을 위한 평가요소들을 도출하고, 의사결정시스템 설계에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 평가요소, 즉 야드장치장 배경, RTGC 배정, QC당 YT 배정의 최적화 전략을 제안한다. 그리고 G2 언어를 상요한 시뮬레이션에 의해 의사결정시스템 설계의 효율성을 선박작업시간 비교를 통하여 평가한다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to propose an efficient loop line operation plan for customer transportation in a new theme park. Based on the expected customer arrivals, customer loading/unloading methods, and scheduled/non-scheduled departure schemes, movement time between stations etc., we have performed indepth analyses and derived the best optimal policy. Our results show that, over all, the operation with separate loading/unloading doors and scheduled departure is preferred to the other options. We then derived the optimal number of trains and cars meeting minimal customer unsatisfaction with low cost for each season.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2006

Shipping companies consider most of the ship turnaround time as a critical factor when selecting a rolling port for reducing costs. So, many researchers have been studying for the optimization of preplanning and high~performance of the Gantry Cranes (GCs) in container terminals for faster loading and unloading. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) based RTLS (Real-Time Location System) for reducing the ship turnaround time in ubiquitous port environment. In addition, pre-planning based on ubiquitous computing environment will support the GC and Yard Tractors (YTs), and reduce ship turnaround time more effectively. Especially, the proposed method enormously enhances the productivity of loading for the twin-lift system It will reduce the whole lead-time in the process of port logistics.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2022

Time-dependent stress-strain behaviour significantly influences the compressibility characteristics of the clayey soil. In this paper, a series of oedometer tests were conducted in two loading patterns and investigated the time-dependent compressibility characteristics of Indian Montmorillonite Clay, also known as black cotton soil (BC) soil, during loading-unloading stages. The experimental data are analyzed using a new non-linear function of the Elasto-Visco-Plastic Model considering Swelling behaviour (EVPS model). From the experimental result, it is found that BC soil exhibits significant time-dependent behaviour during creep compared to the swelling stage. Pore water entrance restriction due to consolidated overburden pressure and decrease in cation hydrations are responsible factors. Apart from it, particle sliding is also evident during creep. The time-dependent parameters like strain limit, creep coefficient and C_αe/C_c are observed to be significant during the loading stage than the swelling stage. The relationship between creep coefficients and applied stresses is found to be nonlinear. The creep coefficient increases significantly up to 630 kPa-760 kPa (during reloading), and beyond it, the creep coefficient decreases continuously. Several parameters like loading duration, the magnitude of applied stress, loading history, and loading path have also influenced secondary compressibility characteristics. The time-dependent compressibility characteristics of BC soil are presented and discussed in detail.