• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2002.07a
• /
• pp.395-397
• /
• 2002

Recently, electric heating using midnight power has brought a rapid increase. Therefore, the increase of midnight power use has much influenced on midnight load pattern and share more than 20% of total midnight electricity consumption. Hence, the distortion of load by using midnight power apparatus is severe and made the usage pattern ineffective electricity usage pattern. This paper analyze the load pattern of midnight power apparatus and policies that can effectively build midnight load. In addition, it provides policies on shifting midnight power apparatus load.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.1982-1989
• /
• 2004

In photoelasticity, the directions of principal stresses are given by isoclinic fringe patterns. In this study, photoelastic theory is represented by Jones calculus and the photoelastic 8-step phase shifting method is described. A feasibility study using computer simulation is done to get isoclinics from photoelastic fringes of a circular disk under diametral compression. Fringe patterns of the disk are generated from the stress-optic law. The magnitudes of isoclinics obtained from the fringe patterns of computer simulation and experiment are compared with those of theory. The results are close between them. Then, the 8-step phase shifting method is applied to get distributions of isoclinics along the specified lines of a cuved beam plate under tensile load. Experimental results obtained from the phase shifting method were compared with those of finite element analysis (ANSYS). It is confirmed that measurement of isoclinic distributions is possible by use of photoelasitc phase shifting method.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.1294-1303
• /
• 2018

This study optimises the no-load voltage waveform of tubular hydro-generators by a simple design scheme. For different centerlines of the pole shoe and damper bar, the optimisation effects on the no-load voltage waveform are investigated in two tubular hydro-generators with different weighted powers (34 MW and 18 MW). The results are compared with those of the traditional stator-slots skewed design. The quality of the no-load voltage waveform was related to the shifting degree, and the different optimisation effects between the integer slot generator (q = 2) and the fractional slot generator (q = 11/2) were analysed. This research can improve the quality of the power output and no-load voltage waveform, and provide an effective reference for improving the industrial design and manufacture level of tubular hydro-generators.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.1069-1078
• /
• 2018

Demand response (DR) programs give opportunity to consumers to manage their electricity bills. Besides, distribution system operator (DSO) is interested in using DR programs to obtain technical and economic benefits for distribution network. Since small consumers have difficulties to individually take part in the electricity market, an entity named demand response provider (DRP) has been recently defined to aggregate the DR of small consumers. However, implementing DR programs face challenges to fairly allocate benefits and payments between DRP and DSO. This paper presents a procedure for modeling the interaction between DRP and DSO based on a bilevel programming model. Both DSO and DRP behave from their own viewpoint with different objective functions. On the one hand, DRP bids the potential of DR programs, which are load shifting and load curtailment, to maximize its expected profit and on the other hand, DSO purchases electric power from either the electricity market or DRP to supply its consumers by minimizing its overall cost. In the proposed bilevel programming approach, the upper level problem represents the DRP decisions, while the lower level problem represents the DSO behavior. The obtained bilevel programming problem (BPP) is converted into a single level optimizing problem using its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Furthermore, point estimate method (PEM) is employed to model the uncertainties of the power demands and the electricity market prices. The efficiency of the presented model is verified through the case studies and analysis of the obtained results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.10B
• /
• pp.1971-1978
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we study the effects of long-range dependence (LRD) in VBR video traffic on queueing system. This paper consists of Part I and II. In Part I, we present a (LRD) video traffic model based on the shifting-level (SL) process. We observe that the ACF of an empirical video trace is accurately captured by the shifting-level process with compound correlation (SLCC): an exponential function in short range and a hyperbolic function in long range. We present an accurate parameter matching algorithm for video traffic. In the Part II, we offer the queueing analysis of SL/D/1/K called ‘quantization reduction method’. Comparing the queueing performances of the DAR(1) model and the SLCC with that of a real video trace, we identify the effects of SRD and LRD in VBR video traffic on queueing performance. Simulation results show that Markoivian models can estimate network performances fairly accurately under a moderate traffic load and buffer condition, whereas LRD may have a significant effect on queueing behavior under a heavy traffic load and large buffer condition.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.418-425
• /
• 2000

Recently, many passenger cars have adopted automatic transmissions for shifting gears, and thus the smooth and precise control of gear shifts of passenger car automatic transmissions has become more and more essential for the riding comfort of vehicles equipped with automatic transmissions. In this article, a neural network-based supervisor for an automotive shift controller considering the throttle opening, variations in throttle opening, and the driving load is presented. For using the driving load information, an observer-based driving load estimation algorithm is proposed. A proportional-integral-derivative controller along with an open loop controller is used as a low level controller for controlling the gear shifts, and a supervisory controller for properly adapting the shift control parameters of the low level shift controller is designed using ANFIS. To evaluate the control performance of the proposed supervisor-based shift controller, both simulation studies and experimental studies are performed for various shifting situations.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.597-606
• /
• 2021

Due to the characteristics of the farmland in Korea, forward and reverse shift is the most used. The fatigue of farmers is caused by forward and reverse shifting with a manual transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the convenience of forward and backward shifting. This study was a basic study on the development of a current control system for forward and reverse shifting of agricultural tractors using proportional control valves and a controller. A test bench was fabricated to evaluate the current control accuracy of the control system, and the stability of the controller was evaluated through CPU (central processing unit) load measurements. A controller was selected to evaluate the stability of the proportional valve controller. The stability evaluation was performed by comparing and analyzing the command current of the controller and the actual current measured. The command current was measured using a CAN (controller area network) communication device and DAQ (data acquisition). The actual current was measured with a current probe and an oscilloscope. The control system and stability evaluation was performed by measuring the CPU load on the controller during control operations. The average load factor was 12.27%, and when 5 tasks were applied, it was shown to be 70.65%. This figure was lower than the CPU limit of 74.34%, when 5 tasks were applied and was judged to be a stable system.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.423-430
• /
• 2017

This paper proposes a control methodology for a high efficiency operation of an inductive power transfer (IPT) converter by combining full bridge (FB) and half bridge (HB) controls. To apply the proposed control to the IPT converter, the characteristics of each control method are analyzed. By examining the output voltages of the IPT converter and a theoretical loss analysis, the control shifting points between FB and HB controls are evaluated in accordance with the coupling coefficients and the load. Based on the control shifting points, the FB-HB control algorithm is implemented. By applying FB-HB control, high efficiency operation at the light load condition can be achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2012

Photoelasticity is a technique of experimental methods and has been widely used in various domains of engineering to determine the stress distribution of structures. Without complicated mathematical formulation, this technique can conveniently provide a fairly accurate whole-field stress analysis for a mechanical structure. Here, stress distribution around an inclined crack tip of finite-width plate is studied by 8-step phase-shifting method. This method is a kind of photoelastic phase-shifting techniques and can be used for the determination of the phase values of isochromatics and isoclinics. According to stress-optic law, the stress distribution could be obtained from fringe patterns. The results obtained by polariscope arrangement combined with 8-step method and ABAQUS FEM simulations are compared with each other. Good agreement between them shows that 8-step phase-shifting method is reliable and can be used for determination of stress by experiment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.85-92
• /
• 2018

Reductions of the electricity charge are achieved by demand management of the load. The demand management method of the load using ESS involves peak shifting, which shifts from a high demand time to low demand time. By shifting the load, the peak load can be lowered and the energy charge can be saved. Electricity charges consist of the energy charge and the basic charge per contracted capacity. The energy charge and peak load are minimized by Linear Programming (LP) and Quadratic Programming (QP), respectively. On the other hand, each optimization method has its advantages and disadvantages. First, the LP cannot separate the efficiency of the ESS. To solve these problems, the charge and discharge efficiency of the ESS was separated by Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). Nevertheless, both methods have the disadvantages that they must assume the reduction ratio of peak load. Therefore, QP was used to solve this problem. The next step was to optimize the formula combination of QP and LP to minimize the electricity charge. On the other hand, these two methods have disadvantages in that the charge and discharge efficiency of the ESS cannot be separated. This paper proposes an optimization method according to the situation by analyzing quantitatively the advantages and disadvantages of each optimization method.