• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.534-544
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• 2009

The collapse of the underground cavity can cause the abrupt local subsidence of the ground surface. It can be hazardous to the stability of road and building for human activity. Therefore it is necessary to develop reinforcement methods for the filling of the underground cavity. This study was executed to improve the material quality and systems to fill the calcium-aluminate mineral $(C_{12}A_7)$ environmentally, and minimize the loss of filling materials for the steep underground cavity. Filling material which was developed in this study is composed of rapid hardening material and additives. The developed material had rapid hardening and non-separation ability in the water cavity condition, so it made the effective underground dam in the cavity with prevention of material loss when it was poured in the water cavity. Results of heavy metal leaching test for environmental assessment showed that it was environmentally suiTable material for the filling in the mine cavity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by glucose oxidase (GO) and the effects of Hyungbangjihwangtang (HJT) water extracts on the treatment of the toxic effects. For this purpose, experiments with the cultured hippocampal cells from new born mice were done. The results of these experiments were as follows. 1. GO decreased the survival rate of the cultured cells on MTT assay and NR assay. 2. HJT has the efficacy of decreasing the lipid peroxidation. 3. HJT has the efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments. 4. HJT has the efficacy of decreasing the activation of protein kinase C(PKC). From the above results, it is concluded that HJT has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused by the GO-mediated oxidative stress. Further clinical study of this pharmacological effects of H]T should be completed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate the resistance to sliding (RS) in self-ligating and conventional ligation bracket systems at 5 different second-order bracket angulations by using low-stiffness alignment wires in a 3-bracket experimental model and to verify the performance of the main RS components in both systems when these wires are used. Methods: Interactive self-ligating brackets with closed and open slides were used for the self-ligating (SL) and conventional ligation (CL) groups, respectively; elastomeric ligatures (1 mm inner diameter) were used in the latter system. The alignment wire used was 0.014 inch heat-activated NiTi (austenitic finish temperature set at $36^{\circ}C$ by the manufacturer). A custom-made testing machine was used to measure frictional resistance. Tests were repeated 5 times at every angulation simulated. All data were analyzed statistically. Results: The RS increased significantly with increasing angulation in both SL and CL groups (p < 0.0001). However, the RS values were significantly higher at every angulation (p < 0.0001) in the CL group. Conclusions: Despite the relevance of the binding phenomenon, ligation forces predominantly affect the RS when lowstiffness alignment wires are used.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.82.1-82.1
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• 2012

We present results of searching for the Very Low Luminosity Objects (VeLLOs; internal luminosity Lint<0.1Lo) candidates in the Gould Belt's clouds using infrared observations from 3.6 to 70 micron by the Spitzer Space Telescope. More than 100 VeLLO candidates were selected through the criteria by Dunham et al. and our additional ones. The candidates in Northern sky were recently observed with high density tracers such as N2H+ (1-0) and HCN (1-0) using Korea VLBI Network (KVN) 21m telescope at Yonsei site to check their embeddedness in dense gas envelopes. A total of 25 out of 74 VeLLO candidates were detected in either N2H+ or HCN (1-0) line while 9 candidates were detected in both tracers. These are more likely bona fide VeLLOs which need to be studied further in future. In this study the bolometric luminosities for 40 VeLLOs (25 from this study and 15 from Dunham et al.) were estimated and found to be significantly smaller than those given by various theoretical model tracks with constant accretion rate in a BLT diagram, indicating the constant accretion process suggested by standard star formation models can not explain the faintness of the VeLLOs. In the talk we will discuss on some possible explanation of why the VeLLOs are faint.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.469-474
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• 2012

Fagopyrum esculentum(FE) is an important food crop and medicinal plant that is used to improve diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and constipation in Korea, but the underlying mechanisms involved in its anti-allergic activity are not fully understood. We investigated the effects on the release of inflammatory mediator and proximal signal events in $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$-mediated RBL-2H3 cell activation. FE reduced antigen (DNP-HSA)-induced release of histamine, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and cysteinyl Leukotriene (cysLT) in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. In addition, it inhibited antigen-induced HDC2 and COX-2 and 5-LO mRNA expression in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. FE also suppressed antigen-induced $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\beta}$ and $Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\gamma}$ subunit mRNA expression in these cells. To identify the mechanisms underpinning the inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and PGD2 and cysLT by FE, we examined the proximal signal events of intracellular FceRI signaling molecules. FE suppressed antigen-induced phosphorylation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, $PLC{\gamma}1$, PI3K, Akt and cPLA2. Collectively, the anti-allergic effects of FE in vitro suggest its possible therapeutic application to inflammatory allergic diseases, in which its inhibition of inflammatory mediator and FceRI-dependent signaling events in mast cells may be hugely beneficial.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 1996

An experiment was carried out to determine effect of cultivar and preservative on the characteristics and quality of baled oat(Avena sativa L.) hay after 60 days of storage. Ihe main plots consisted of the cultivars such as 'Foothill' and 'Swan', and the subplots consisted of preservatives such as commercial propionic acid(CA), lactic bacteria inoculant(LB) and control(C0). Bale temperature of 'Foothill' oat hay maintained higher than that of 'Swan' oat hay during storage. Bale temperature of oat hay treated with CA remained lowest during the earlier storage period and no significant difference was found among preservatives during the latter storage period. Visual assessment of bale of 'Swan' oat hay was better in the evaluation of mold, odor and color than that of 'Foothill' oat hay after storage. DM content of Foothill oat hay increased markedly than that of 'Swan' oat hay through the storage period. CFU(Colony fodng unit) of total viable micmrganism of oat hay bales was not quite different between preservatives, but that of lactic bacteria of 'Swan' oat hay and 'Foothill' was different by over 16 and lo4, respectively. Total nitrogen content of 'Swan' and 'Foothill' oat hay was 1.45 and 2.22%, respectively(P<0.05) and effect of preservatives on total N content was higher in the order of LB, CA, and CO. ADIN content of 'Swan' was lower than that of 'Foothill'(P

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.157-174
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• 2006

Ajax interaction model changes the posture of web application to become a stateful over HTTP. Ajax applications are long-lived inthe browser. XMLHTTPRequest (XHR) is used to facilitate the data exchange. Using HTTPS over this interaction is not viable because of the frequency of data exchange. Moreover, switching of protocols form HTTP to HTTPS for sensitive information is prohibited because of server-of-origin policy. The longevity, constraint, and asynchronous features of Ajax application need to hove a different authentication and session fondling mechanism that invoke re-authentication. This paper presents an authentication and session management scheme using Ajax. The scheme is design lo invoke periodic and event based re-authentication in the background using digest authentication with auto-generated password similar to OTP (One Time Password). The authentication and session management are wrapped into a framework called AWASec (Ajax Web Application Security) for coupling to avoid broken authentication and session management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1994

This study was conducted to develop a new RBC process available for the effective removal of organic matters and nitrogen in sewage. The RBC process for the oxidation organic compounds and nitrification was designed to occur at the 1st-stage and next-stage RBC respectively. Then nitrified water was recycled to the denitrifying RBC located at the lower part of the 1st-stage RBC. Some results were summarized as follows. 1. The loading limitation was represented as $60g{\cdot}COD/gm^2/day$ in experiment of simultaneous removal of organic matter and nitrogen. The maxmum COD % removal was 85% at the load $35g{\cdot}COD/m^2/day$. 2. The $NO_3-N$ % removal was approximately 80% at the load $60g{\cdot}COD/m^2/day$ and the maximum $NO_3-N$ remaval rate was $3.9g{\cdot}COD/m^2/day$ and the overall C/N ratio of 11.0 as required to achive 80% of $NO_3-N$% removal. 3.$NO_3-N$ removal rate was rapidly decreased above the load $7g{\cdot}NH_4{^+}-N/m^2/day$ and the maximum $NO_3-N$ removal rate was $3.7g{\cdot}NO_3-N/m^2/day$. 4. Irrespective of the recycle ratio, the COD % removal at the system of 2-stage RBC unit was nearly constant as 89% while the maximum one in the 1st-stage unit was 77% in the case of 50% recycle. 5. The maximum COD % removal in the 3-stage RBC system was 93% while 1st-stage one being 80%, under the $NH_4{^+}-N$ load of $7.4g/m^2{\cdot}d$. Also maximum percentage of nitrification and denitrification was 69% and 41% respectively, under the same $NH_4{^+}-N$ load.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.401-412
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• 2018

Oxymatrine (OMT) often used in treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in clinic. However, OMT-induced liver injury has been reported. In this study, we aim to investigate the possible mechanism of OMT-induced hepatotoxicity in human normal liver cells (L02). Exposed cells to OMT, the cell viability was decreased and apoptosis rate increased, the intracellular markers of oxidative stress were changed. Simultaneously, OMT altered apoptotic related proteins levels, including Bcl-2, Bax and pro-caspase-8/-9/-3. In addition, OMT enhanced the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress makers (GRP78/Bip, CHOP, and cleaved-Caspase-4) and phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), as well as the mRNA levels of GRP78/Bip, CHOP, caspase-4, and ER stress sensors (IREI, ATF6, and PERK). Pre-treatment with Z-VAD-fmk, JNK inhibitor SP600125 and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, partly improved the survival rates and restored OMT-induced cellular damage, and reduced caspase-3 cleavage. SP600125 or NAC reduced OMT-induced p-JNK and NAC significantly lowered caspase-4. Furthermore, 4-PBA, the ER stress inhibitor, weakened inhibitory effect of OMT on cells, on the contrary, TM worsen. 4-PBA also reduced the levels of p-JNK and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins. Therefore, OMT-induced injury in L02 cells was related to ROS mediated p-JNK and ER stress induction. Antioxidant, by inhibition of p-JNK or ER stress, may be a feasible method to alleviate OMT-induced liver injury.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.3C
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• pp.255-263
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• 2010

In this paper, we present an efficient cooperative transmission scheme for high speed 60GHz WPAN system. In 60GHz, the cooperative transmission with relay is effective scheme because signals are exceedingly attenuated according to the distance and the transmission is impossible when there is no LOS between transmitter and receiver. Moreover, the reliability of signal in destination can be improved by receiving data from a relay as well as a transmitter. However, the overall data rate is reduced because transmission time is more required for relay. To solve this problem, we propose a cooperative transmission scheme with RS-CC serial concatenated codes. In the proposed cooperative transmission scheme, the relay can reduce the transmission data size because the only parity bits of systematic RS code are transmitted after encoding by CC. But the computational complexity is increased at the relay and the destination.