• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze women's consumption and preferences of the Korean traditional drinks. For this purpose, 205 women aged between teens and 60s living in Seoul were sampled randomly for a questionnaire survey conducted from August 21 to 27, 2003. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The percentile of age groups accounted for 15.6% of the subjects in their teens, 19.5% in 20s, 18.0% in 30s, 20.5% in 40s, 13.7% in 50s, and 12.7% in 60s, respectively. On the other hand, those who graduated from colleges accounted for most (49.8%) of the subjects, those employed by companies for most (23.9%) and those earning 2 million wons or more for most (40.5%). Subjects' preferences about the traditional drinks were as follows: The most popular traditional drink across all age groups was Sikhe (29.8%: fermented rice drink), followed by Sujonggwa (10.7%: dried persimmons punch) and green tea (8.8%). Most of those in their teens and 60s consumed the drinks to relieve from the thirst, while those between 20s and 50s to be healthy. The majority (31.7%) of the subjects were consuming the traditional drinks once or twice per week. Those in their teens and 40s consumed the drinks between 3 and 5 o'clock in the afternoon, while those in their 20s, 30s and 50s as they want, and those in their 60s after exercise and as they pleased. 63.4% of the subjects across all age groups bought the drinks at supermarkets, and 60.5% of them were consuming 200ml each time. The reasons of subjects' preferences of the traditional drinks were as follows: The most important factor perceived by all age groups was taste (61.0%), followed by nutrition (15.6%). The most preferred point of taste was 'light' (51.7%). Those in their teens preferred the drinks without grains, while the other age groups preferred the drinks with some grains. Those in their teens preferred canned drinks, while the other age groups preferred the bottled drinks. Consumers' desire for improvement of traditional drinks were as follows: Those in their teens and 20s were satisfied with the current prices of the drinks, while the other age groups hoped for lower prices. On the other hand, those in their 50s answered that the drinks should not be sweet, while the other age groups hoped that the tastes of the drinks would be improved in diverse ways. 53.2% of the consumers hoped that the flavors of the traditional drinks would be diversified. 67.3% of them hoped that the traditional drinks would be improved to be functional drinks, while 54.6% of them hoped that the drinks would be processed in a more hygienic way.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2014

본 연구는 노인 장기 요양 보험 등급자의 간호요구도와 주 수발자의 부양부담에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 파악하여 노인 장기 요양 보험 등급자를 위한 효율적인 간호중재를 개발하고 주 수발자의 부양부담감을 경감시키는 데 목적이 있다. J시에 거주하고 있는 노인장기요양보험 등급판정 받은자와 함께 거주하며 돌봄을 제공하는 주 수발자 152명을 대상으로 수집된 자료는 SPSS 17.0로 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 노인 장기 요양 보험 등급자의 간호요구도 중 심리사회적요구도가 가장 높았으며, 노인 장기 요양 보험 등급자의 일반적 특성 중 장기요양보험 수급유형과 장기요양 등급에 따라서는 신체적 간호요구와 심리적 간호요구도가 유의하게 나타났다. 주 수발자의 부양부담감 중 신체적 부양부담감이 가장 높았고, 노인 장기 요양 보험 등급자과의 관계가 배우자인 경우와 수입이 적고, 여자인 경우 부양부담감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 부양부담감에 영향을 미치는 요인 중에서는 1일 간병시간이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인임을 알 수 있었고, 특히 보험급여유형이 일반에 비해 기초생활수급자가, 주 수발자의 성별이 남자에 비해 여자가 부양부담감이 높았으며, 돌봄 제공자의 수가 많을수록 부양부담감은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

Objectives: Blood mercury levels among adults living in certain areas of the Gyeongsang Provinces have been shown to be very high (Kunwee County $29.6{\mu}g/L$, Yeongcheon-city $26.7{\mu}g/L$). The purpose of this project was to determine mercury exposure levels in schoolchildren and factors related with their mercury levels in high mercury exposure areas identifyed by the 2007 Korea National Environmental Health Survey. Methods: From June to September 2010, 1,097 students from grades 3 to 6 at 19 elementary schools participated in this study, including 294 students from 10 elementary schools in Kunwee County, 529 students from Yeongcheon City, 122 students from two elementary schools in Pohang City, North Gyeongsang Province, and 152 students from two elementary schools in Ulsan Metropolitan City. Biological samples from schoolchildren, including whole blood, urine and hair, were collected to measure total mercury at the time of a health check up. Information about children was collected by questionnaire. Total mercury concentrations in blood were measured using the Direct Mercury Analyzer 80 with the gold-amalgam collection method. Results: The mean mercury levels were $2.70{\mu}g/L$ in 1,091 blood samples, $2.25{\mu}g/g-creat.$ in 820 urine samples and $1.03{\mu}g/g$ in 1,064 hair samples. Blood mercury levels in the schoolchildren was slightly higher than the result of $2.4{\mu}g/L$ from a 2006 survey of elementary school children on exposure and health effects of mercury by the National Institute of Environmental Research. However, 0.3% and 4.5% of participants exceeded the reference level of blood mercury by CHBMII ($15{\mu}g/L$) and the US EPA ($5.8{\mu}g/L$), respectively. The reference level of urine by CHBMII ($20{\mu}g/L$) was exceeded by 0.4% of participants. As factors, residence period in the study areas, residence type, father's education level and income all showed significant associations with mercury level in the biological samples. The number of dental amalgam sides showed an association with urine mercury. Fish intake preference and fish intake frequency were important factors in mercury levels. In particular, intake of shark meat and recent intake of shark meat were associated with higher mercury levels. In this regard, participation in the performance of an ancestral rite showed a relation with higher mercury levels. Conclusion: The intake of shark meat was very important factor to high mercury exposure level. It is recommended to monitor and manage students with high mercury exposures who exceeded CHBM II and EPA guidelines, and include blood mercury testing in the Children's Health check up for this province.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.184-194
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• 1987

The purposes of this study were; 1) to gather data relevant to demographic features. major main management practices, and the level of impairment of the activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with back pain, 2) to test the sensitivity of the Korean Pain Rating Scale and the Graphic Rating Scales, and 3) to identify indirect indicators of back pain by analysing pain related-behaviors. The level of pain was measured by Korean Pain Rating Scale(KPRS) and Graphic Rating Scales(GRS) developed by the reserchers. The GRS consists of two dimensions; the pain intensity (sensory) and unpleasantness (affective) measures. Of the 1,650 diagnosed back pain patients, from January 4 through June 30, 1987 by visiting outpatients' clinics of orthopedic and neurosurgical departments at 11 university hospitals in different districts of Korea, 330 men and women patients were self-selected by responding to the mailed questionnaires. The results were summarised as follows: Male exceeded female patients in number and onset of back pain were more prevalent in the age groups of 20s and the 30s. The average duration of suffering from the pain were 11 months, sixty three (19.1%) of the subjects retired from their jobs, one third(36.7%) have teen hospitalized for the treatment of back pain. In two thirds(64.8%) of the cases pain was characterized as lower back pain. The average sleep hour was 6.8 hours per 24 hours and the average rest hour during the day was 3.3 hours. The mean percentage of pain measured by GRS was higher than that of KPRS. The level of sensory intensity as well as the affective level of pain measured by KPRS and GRS were not highly correlated (sensory intensity r=0.4986, affective r=0.5029) which indicated low discriminative power. On the other hand, intercorrelation between sensory and affective dimension measured by KPRS and GRS showed moderate interrelation(r=0.7247; r=0.7899). One-third(32.5%) of the subjects complied with the hospital prescribed treatment while the other one-third(31.5%) depended on self-remedy and traditional practices, and the last one-third did not imply any pain management practices. The following 6 pain-related behaviors such as length of hospitalization, rest hour during day hours, varieties of pain management practice implied, number of pain sites, need for ADL and discomfort accompanied by ADL revealed to be important indicators of back pain. An investigation of sociodemographic features of patients with back pain in a larger context, i.e. with bigger number of respondents is recommended. Tests for construct validity of KPRS, i.e. factor analysis is further recommended.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2009

부산 경남지역에 거주하는 대학생들을 대상으로 향토음식에 대한 의식 및 중요도를 연구함으로써 향토음식에 대한 이해와 관심을 가지는 계기를 마련하고, 계승발전 및 대중화에 대한 방안 모색과 향후 효과적인 발전방향을 제시하기 위해 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. 향토음식에 대한 대학생들의 의식을 조사하기 위해 인구통계학적 특성 중 성별, 연령, 학과, 거주연한의 특성에 따른 교차분석을 실시한 결과 향토음식에 대해 38.5%가 관심을 가져 본 적이 있다고 하였고, 향토음식에 대해 관심을 가지게 된 계기는 매스컴이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 향토음식을 먹는 장소는 '향토음식 전문점'이 가장 높게 나타났다. 향토음식의 계승발전을 위해 중점을 두어야 할 부문에 대해서는 '대중 홍보'가 가장 높게 나타났고, 향토음식의 대중화를 위해 가장 필요한 것은 '다양한 문화적인 행사의 개최 및 홍보'가 가장 높게 조사되었으며, 향토음식의 대중화를 위한 중요도에 대해서는 '홍보 및 마케팅이 대중화를 위해 가장 중요한 것으로 조사되었다. 인구통계학적인 특성에 따른 향토음식의 중요도를 분석한 결과 성별, 연령, 부산 경남 거주연한에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2009

최근 생활 수준이 높아지고 건강과 웰빙에 대한 관심이 증가함으로써 고객들은 더욱 더 큰 역할을 기대하고 있다. 그러므로 고객들은 외식상품 개발에 적극적으로 참여하기를 희망한다. 이 연구의 목적은 외식상품 개발 시 고객 참여 전략에 대한 판별분석을 실시하였다. 통계기법은 신뢰성분석, 차이분석, 판별분석을 이용하였다. 조사는 2008년 7월 1일부터 7월 31일까지 서울과 광주 소재 외식산업체를 대상으로 350부 설문지를 배포하였으며, 이 중 정확하게 작성된 설문지 300부를 SPSS 12.0 패키지 프로그램을 사용하였다. 분석결과 외식상품 개발 시 적극적인 산업체와 소극적인 산업체 간에 시장지향성과 고객 만족에 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 판별분석결과를 보면 고객 참여 전략을 소극적으로 실행하고 있는 외식기업은 고객만족 보다 시장지향성적인 경영 목표를 두고 있다. 또한 고객 참여 전략을 적극적으로 실행하고 있는 외식기업은 시장지향성 보다는 고객 만족에 경영 목표를 두고 있다. 그러므로 서비스 업종인 외식기업은 고객 만족이라는 경영 목표가 최우선이라면 고객 참여 전략을 적극적으로 도입해야 할 것이다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 1999

In the family life cycle, the most important task the families with school children should perform is ‘child education’ and ‘socialization’ However, economic stress on poor families with school children presents multiple problems through the shortage of resources necessary for child education and socialization, inappropriateness of family appraisal, and the insufficiency of the control channels for the efficient management of these confined resources and appropriate appraisal. The objectives of this article are : First, to report research on the actual conditions of the poor families in one area of Cheju and on the relevant health welfare policy, and to examine the appropriateness of the direction and the substance of this policy in terms of the intervention in economic stress on the poor families under the categories of resource management and control of appraisal. Second, to analyze qualitative data extracted from the memoirs of single-parent families living in several areas of Korea under the conceptual framework constructed by literature review in order to get a better understanding of the stress which poor families with school children have experienced. And third, to confirm the factors that can be risk factor but, at the same time, strength to these poor families from presented data and to use them as the basic data from which an intervention model can be developed, based on resource management and control of appraisal. The findings of this article are : First, while the number of absolute poor families in one area of Cheju is increasing and, as a result, the danger of the possibility that multiple problems will occur is also growing, the supporting level of the current policy is no more than a direct resource offer and there is no evidence that resource management is being professionally carried out. When it comes to control of appraisal, due to absence of the professional human resources in this matter, policy performances such as technical education training can have a negative impact. Second, a conceptual framework introduced in this article, ; Economic Pressure → Helplessness → Poor self-esteem → Marital Conflict → Parent-Child financial conflict → Inappropriate socialization → Poor child social competence : is partly verified. And third, judging from the results of the qualitative data, it is confirmed that the healing families, having overcome poverty, show several positive characteristics including : hope, strength, and social support. These findings are identified with the factors of resiliency considered above. According to these results, this article suggests the following. The anti -poverty policy in the future should focus not only on a direct resource offer but also on resource management and the control of appraisal that can magnify its effects. In particular, close attention should be paid to school children since they are in the most crucial period for socialization. Moreover, an emotional labor is such an essential resource for intervention that skilled nurses should play pivotal roles.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

This paper focused on providing the groundwork for the development of proper nursing interventions to enhance the quality of life for the elderly by identifying the factors that may affect their health beliefs and behaviors. A survey was conducted on a group of people aged between 60 and 86 years residing in S and K cities from January to March of 2003, who agreed to participate in the research. Data was collected using instruments measuring health beliefs and health behaviors, and was analyzed by using SPSS. The results of this study are as follow. 1) Those in the group were aged between60 and 86 years, and the average age was 66.94 years old. Most of them were living together with their spouses. From the survey, 83.5% replied "above average" on the question regarding their current health condition, whereas, 46.0% mentioned that they had some sort of diseases. 2) Overall average score of the health belief was 516.05, with a mean $3.71{\pm}4.07$. This indicates that the studied group held a high level of health belief, which affects their attitude and intention to lead a healthy life by placing the present life under control in harmony with nature. 3) Overall average score of the health behaviors was 392.24 with a mean $2.82{\pm}.52$. For health purposes, the behaviors that the elderly people were taking were mostly static ones requiring a low level of activity. The analysis showed that they generally were involved in self-trained, individualized health care. Thus, the elderly place a higher priority on regular dietary behaviors than on physical activity. 4) The correlation between health belief, a cognitive aspect on health, and health behaviors, a behavioral aspect showed a very high linear relationship (r=.520, p<.000). Consequently, it is found that those who have higher cognitive health belief are involved in higher level of behavioral health practice. These findings concluded that the Korean elderly have good health beliefs, well controlling their minds and being harmonious with nature. Health behaviors that they are engaged in are mostly static, requiring low level activity, while they place higher priority on regular dietary habits and conducting self-trained individualized health care. Important factor affecting their health beliefs and health behaviors was found to be their health practice. Since higher health belief is highly related with good health behaviors, development of health activity programs is in need as a means for an efficient health improvement, where motivating environment may be established to enhance the health belief of the elderly and to satisfy individual values.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2020

본 연구는 지역 간 자살률 차이를 분석하고 사회복지 등 지역 특성이 자살률에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특별시와 광역시의 자살률이 광역도에 비해 크게 낮았고, 시·구가 군지역에 비해 낮아서 농어촌 지역의 자살률이 높았다. 둘째, 사회복지요인에 따라서는 인구 10만명 당 문화시설과 사회복지시설 수가 많은 지역의 자살률이 높았고, 정신 보건시설 수가 적은 지역과 사회복지예산비율이 낮은 지역의 자살률이 높아서 농어촌 특성을 가지고 있는 지역의 자살률이 높았다. 셋째, 지역사회 특징이 자살률 차이에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 경제여건이 나쁜 지역, 노인 인구비율·이혼률이 높은 지역, 사회보장 수급자 수·독거노인 가구 수가 적은 지역의 자살률이 높아서 농어촌 특성을 가진 지역일수록 자살률이 높았다. 끝으로 사회복지요인은 지역 자살률 차이에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 지역에서 제공되는 사회복지서비스와 투입되는 예산이 자살률 감소에 실질적인 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 평가된다. 향후 지역사회 자살률을 낮출 수 있는 지역사회복지 실천의 질적, 양적 개선이 필요하다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2012

This study focused on the nutrition knowledge, food purchase behaviors, and dietary habits of 213 housewives (41 women under 39 years, 98 women 40~49 years, and 74 women over 50 years). Younger housewives held more special jobs, whereas older housewives worked as housewives or had no jobs ($p$<0.05). The average monthly income of the three family groups was 3,000,000~5,000,000 won, and the monthly dietary expenditure for all three groups was 200,000~500,000 won. Familial frames for the three groups was nuclear family (over 80%), but housewives younger than 39 years (19.5%) lived together with their parents and let them take care of their children. Housewives (over 50 years) prepared a balanced diet for every meal, utilized less drastic cooking methods to prevent loss of nutrients, and shopped at many places in order to save money on various food materials. Further, they purchased food materials that resulted in the least amount of left overs. On the other hand, housewives under 39 years visited large supermarkets and purchased cooked foods more than other groups. Housewives under 39 years considered nutrients content as the most important factor when purchasing food materials, whereas 74.5% of housewives between 40~49 years and 51.4% of housewives over 50 years put the most importance on flavor ($p$<0.05). Housewives under 39 years were interested in manufacture date, nutrient content, and food price, in decreasing order, whereas housewives between 40~49 years and over 50 years were interested in manufacture date, food prices, and nutrient content. Older housewives were interested in brown rice and fruits, whereas younger housewives under 39 years were interested in meat, fish, eggs, fried foods, and fast food. Older housewives over 50 years did not consume fried foods more than two times per week and consumed three regular meals more often than younger housewives. Accordingly, for younger housewives, it is necessary that healthy foods be cooked for their families.