• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.262-274
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to grasp the relationship between perceived health status, health conception and health promoting behavior in the elderly. The subjects for this study were 157 old persons in Kyung-ju city. Data were collected by interview with questionnaires from August 24 to October 10, 1999. Analysis of the data was done by SPSS program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, stepwise multiple regression. The results were summarized as follows 1. For the practice of health promoting behavior. the mean score was 2.52. The factor of the highest mean score was nutrition(3.02) and factor of the lowest mean score was exerciset(2.03). 2. According to age(F=3.35, P=.012), sex(t=2.26, P=.025), marital status (F=5.08, P=.007), education(F=4.22, P=.003), family numbed(F=5.31, P= .006), people living together (F=2.77, P=.044), economic status(F=7.10, P=.00l), average monthly pocket money (F=3.35, P=.012), there were differences of health promoting behavior. 3. According to age(F=3.40, P=.01l), sex(t=4.30, P=.000), education(F=8.55, P=.000), economic status(F=12.59, P=.000), average monthly pocket money(F=4.26, P=.003), present disease(t=-8.41, P=.000), there were differences of perceived health status. According to marital status(F=3.36, P=.037), education(F=2.89, P=.038), there were differences of health conception. 4. Performance in the health promoting behavior was significantly correlated with perceived health status(r=.272, P=.00l), health conception(r=.345, P=.000) 5. The combination of well-being health conception and average monthly pocket money explained $24.7\%$ of the variance of health-promoting behavior. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made; Nursing interventions enhancing exercise or activity, accountability for health, stress management of the elderly must be provided. And Cost-effective health promoting program for the elderly must be developed.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.952-962
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• 2005

To explore the relationship between economic status and food and nutrient intake patterns, the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey result was analyzed. Dietary intake data of 6,978 Korean adults of 20 years and older who participated in the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey were used along with their demographic data. Economic status of the subjects was classified into the following 4 groups based on the self-reported average monthly income of household with reference to the minimum monthly living expenses (MLE) in 2001 : low < $100\%$ MLE $\leq$ middle < $200\%$ MLE $\leq$ high < $300\%$ MLE $\leq$ higher, Individuals in the higher income class had significantly higher mean intake for most of the nutrients including energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C, and a higher percentage of energy intake from fat. In addition, they consumed more animal foods including meats, eggs, fish/shellfish, milk/dairy products and fats. On the other hand, the mean intakes of individuals in the lower economic class for calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were lower than $75\%$ of RDAs. And, there was a predominant difference in contribution of fat to total energy intake among the groups of different economic status. These results showed that household income is an important factor influencing the food and nutrient intake patterns of the Korean adult population. Although individuals at different age classes may respond differently to a change in economic status, developing and implementing nutrition policy and intervention programs for those nutritionally vulnerable groups should consider the economic status as an important factor to customize and differentiate the content of the Program. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $952\∼962$, 2005)

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate risk factor found in the patients with stroke in physical therapy. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 130 the patients, who had comparatively alert mentality, hospitalized in kyung hee oriental medical hospital with stroke from January, 1st to May 31st, 1996. Major findings of this stuty were as follows. 1. The stroke patients 67(51.5%)were males and 63(48.5%) femals. The age groups of 50 to 69 years accounted for 67.6% of the total stroke patients are the highest. The job groups of commerce and business of patients 58.5%. The living groups of major citys of the revealed the highest incidence(40.8%). 2. There were 40 patients (30.8 %) who had hemorrhage related condions as the direct cause of their stroke, and 90 patients (69.2 %) who had cerebral infarction with no hemorrhaging as the cause. of the disease that the patients suffered from before their stroke, blood pressure related problems were most numberous 76 patients(58.5%) had such problems. 3. A month before their attack of stroke, were asked what thay thought could become the causes of their strokes. The most frequently mentioned answers were fatigue, drinking too much, and smoking, as chosen by 45 patients(34.6 %). 4. In regarding the relation between stress and stroke, (37.7%), of the surveyed belonged to the most numerous group had of people who said they were not under stress. Yet this group had a large number of parents. And 22.3 % of the surveyed named conflicts among parents, siblings, and relatives. 5. Questions were asked to find out the relationship between complications of stroke and smoking or drinking. It was surprising to see a high rate of attack among the 55.4 % majority who answered that they did not smoke nor drink. 6. To sum up the affect of food on attack of stroke, 42.5% of the people who had a sprcey and salty diet had a higher rate of attack then the group of people with leisurely nature. 7. Looking at the family history, 40.4% of the patients said their parents also suffered the disease. This percentage is the highest. And 40.0% answered that there is no one who suffered in their family history. Judging from the percentages and family.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 주부들의 비만도와 외식행동 및 식생활습관과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 부산 경남지역 주부 249명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 이를 확인하기 위하여 SPSS통계프로그램 17.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, $x^2$-test, 군집분석과 One Way ANOVA분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 주부들의 평균키는 160.75 cm, 평균체중은 57.51 kg로 조사되었고, 주부들의 체질량지수(BMI)를 보면 정상체중이 56.6%, 과체중과 비만체중이 37.0%로 조사되었다. 한 달 외식하는 횟수는 4회 이하가 65.5%이고, 1인당 외식비는 7001원에서 11000만원사이가 34.9%로 나타났으며, 외식목적은 가족과 함께 44.2%, 외식동반자는 가족 친지가 63.8%, 선호식당은 일반대중식당이 47.8%, 외식정보는 주위사람들을 통해서가 79.1%로 조사되었다. 식생활습관요인에 따른 군집분석결과 군집1은 (중도적 식생활습관집단), 군집2는 (좋지 않는 식생활집단), 군집3은 (좋은 식생활집단)으로 명명하였고, 3개의 군집과 식생활습관요인과의 차이분석에서 (P<0.01) 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 부산 경남지역 주부들은 37.0%가 과체중과 비만체중을 나타내어, 식생활습관의 변화가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 젊은 주부들에 비하여 나이가 많은 주부들이 건강에 좋은 식품과 규칙적인 식생활 습관을 가지고 있지만, 비만 도에서는 51세 이상에서 30세 이하보다 높게 나타난 것은 51세 이상의 주부들이 폐경기를 겪으면서 비만의 원인이 되는 것으로 사료된다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2007

이미지에 대한 연구는 그동안 사회학, 심리학 및 마케팅 분야 등에서 행해져 왔으나 각 분야의 연구의도나 목적에 맞는 이미지 개념을 적용시켜 왔기 때문에 이미지에 대한 공통적인 개념을 규정하기는 쉽지 않다. 최근 감성공학에서 출발한 감성평가를 통해 제품의 이미지를 객관적으로 평가하려는 노력들이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 중년 여성들의 라이프 스타일을 몇 가지 유형으로 분류한 후, 이에 따른 패션제품에 대한 이미지 선호도를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구 방법은 선행 자료의 분석을 통한 문헌연구와 설문지법을 통한 실증 연구를 병행하였다. 연구 대상은 만 35$\sim$59세 여성으로, 총 352부의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. SPSS 11.0과 SAS for program 8.1 version을 이용하여 통계처리 하였다. 그 결과 패션 제품에 대한 이미지를 품위성, 대담성, 실용성, 여성성의 4개 인자로 하였다. 또 라이프스타일의 유형을 전통보수형, 소극정체형, 적극생활형, 외모중시형의 4개 집단으로 분류하였다. 분류된 라이프스타일 유형에 따라 선호하는 패션제품에 대한 이미지를 살펴 본 결과 전통보수형은 품위 있으며 실용적인 이미지의 패션 제품을 선호하였고, 소극정체형은 모든 패션 제품에 흥미를 보이지 않으나 여성스러움을 다소 추구하였다. 적극생활형은 대담한 이미지의 패션 제품을 선호하였으며, 외모과시형은 여성스러우며 다소 품위 있고 대담한 이미지를 선호하였다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.40-51
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was carried out to identify the factor of decisional balance for exercise. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when the elderly decide to do exercise. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for exercise to which the elderly belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influence the stage of change for exercise in the elderly. Methods : Convenient samples of 198 subjects over age 60 in Seoul( mean age=70) were selected from community living, mentally competant older adults and the data was collected from April 1, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise(Marcus & Owen., 1992), Stage of Change Measure(Marcus et al,1992). The data was analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to stage of change measure, without missing data,191 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for exercise : 50 subjects(26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects(27.2%), 4 subjects(2%), and 78(40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenace stage. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for exercise of the elderly and named by researchers; 1)'Perceived Physical-psychological benefit', 2)'Perceived Physical-psychological burden', and 3)'Perceived time burden'. 3. The analysis of variance showed that the two components Perceived Physical - psychological benefit(F=45.95, P=.0001), and Perceived Physical-psychological burden (F=26.52, P=.0001) were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that both 'Self Perceived Physical - Psychological benefit' and 'Perceived Physical-Psychological burden' were the influential variables in discriminating the three stages of change(pre-contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion : Results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention about especially the factors relating to decision making for exercise of the elderly in the different stages of change of exercise.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2495-2500
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• 2014

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In Iran, it ranks second and third as the cancer-causing death in men and women, respectively. We carried out this study to find out the demographic, clinical, and histological characteristics and risk factors of lung cancer in a referral tertiary center in Iran. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on cases of primary lung cancer based on the results of registered cancer reports of cytological and pathological specimens between March 2001 and March 2012. Demographic variables, clinical manifestations, histology and location of tumors were determined based on the data found in the medical records of each patient. Definite or probable etiologic factors were identified. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 16 and a p-value ${\leq}0.05$ was considered as significant. Results: A total of 203 patients, with a mean age of 65.7 years (SD=11.2), with primary lung cancer were identified, 81.3% being men. Of the total, 110 cases (54.2%) were living in urban areas. In 53.2% of cases, the site of tumor was on the right side and in 72.9% of cases the lesion was centrally located. The histological types of lung cancer were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 107 cases (52.7%), adenocarcinoma (AC) in 30 cases (14.8%), and small cell carcinoma (SC) in 27 cases (13.3%). Significant correlations between the gender and residence, smoking, and the histological type and location (central or peripheral) of tumor were found. The percentage of smokers was 75.2% in men and 15.8% in women. Conclusions: Smoking was the most important risk factor and squamous cell carcinoma the most common histological type of lung cancer in our study. Male sex and being a smoker was associated with histological types of SCC while being nonsmoker had relationship with adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.623-630
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• 2020

Objective : A primary degenerative sagittal imbalance has been considered because of unique lifestyles such as the prolonged crouched posture during agricultural work and performing activities of daily living on the floor. Previous papers have reported that sagittal imbalance disease is often seen distinctly in the farming districts of "oriental" countries such as Korea and Japan. However, this finding was only evaluated with the use of X-ray, and other factors such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), muscle volume, compression fracture, and laboratory results were not considered. Thus, using these, we evaluate the agricultural work-associated factors for Korean elderly spinal sagittal imbalance. Methods : We recruited 103 Korean participants who had a sagittal vertical axis (SVA) of >5 cm in this Korean Elderly Sagittal Imbalance Cohort Study. The following were evaluated : radiological parameters, MRI, compression fracture, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, C-terminal telopeptide, osteocalcin, bone mineral density and muscle fatty change, muscle volume, and health-related quality of life from patients' survey. Moreover, in this survey, the farmers' annual working hours were investigated. Subsequently, we analyzed the associated factors for spinal sagittal imbalance depending on occupation. Results : A total of 46 participants were farmers, and the others were housewives, sellers, and office workers. The farmer group had more SVA (141 vs. 99 mm, p=0.001) and pelvic tilt (31° vs. 24°, p=0.004) and lesser lumbar lordosis (20° vs. 30°, p=0.009) and thoracic kyphosis (24° vs. 33°, p=0.03) than non-farmer group. A significantly positive correlation was noted between the working hour and SVA in the farmer group (p=0.014). The visual analogue scale score for back pain (8.26 vs. 6.96, p=0.008) and Oswestry Disability Index (23.5 vs. 19.1, p=0.003) in the farmer group were higher than that in the non-farmer group, but the Short Form-36 score was not significantly different between the two groups. The Mini-Mental State Exam score was significantly lower in the farmer group than in the non-farmer group (24.85 vs. 26.98, p=0.002). Conclusion : The farmer group had more sagittal imbalance and back pain in proportion to the working hours even though the muscle and bone factors and general laboratory condition were not significantly different between the two groups. These results supported that the long hours spent in the crouched posture while performing agricultural work were a risk factor for severe sagittal imbalance.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to target Chinese consumers of Korean agri-food through the analysis of agri-food brand identity images to set future directions for proposed agri-food exports to China. Since negotiations began for a free trade agreement (FTA) between Korea and China, some Koreans have worried about the Korean agriculture sector. The world trading system has undergone many changes in recent years. Since the start of FTA negotiations on agriculture, China and Korea have faced a heightened sense of crisis. China is trying to export agricultural products so actively that its agricultural exports could increase by more than 7% annually. China exported about one-tenth of its agricultural products to Korea in the period 2002-2010. Recently, the importance of brand identity has tended to increase, as the world becomes one unified market. In this situation, we should try to promote agri-food exports to China. It is very important to understand consumers' recognition of Korean food and the image of the Korean agri-food industry, to establish an export strategy. Research design, data, and methodology - This study targeted 2,800 adult men and women aged 25-59 years living in four major cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Qingdao) with a household income within the top 10% level in the China, using the one-to-one interview survey method. In addition, four groups by region (eight people per group) for a total of 32 groups were surveyed by using the focus group interview (FGI) research method, and impressions of imported agri-food were surveyed using 17 questions about fresh agri-food and 22 questions on processed agri-food. Factor analysis, brand positioning, biplot analysis, and so on, were carried out based on the results of these surveys. This research presents the brand identity of Korean food; according to the analyses, the brand identity is based on trust, safety, and attractiveness. Result - Factor analysis results showed that Chinese consumers expect four major qualities in imported fresh agri-food: freshness/safety, attractive appearance, premium branding, and excellent taste/quality. In the case of processed agri-food, it turned out that Chinese consumers are focused on safety/hygiene/freshness, health, and taste. In addition, in the fresh agri-food analysis by country, American foods had the upper hand; the image of American foods was also recognized as the most positive for processed agri-food. Meanwhile, according to the biplot analysis, Korean agri-food is strongly preferred for its appearance, but no country is strongly preferred as regards the level of freshness/safety that is expected by Chinese consumers. Conclusions - In this study, we analyzed the image of imported agri-food expected by Chinese consumers by reconstructing agri-food characteristics from the brand perspective. The research result shows that a Korean brand identity must be the ultimate goal for activities undertaken to enhance the image of Korean agri-food in the future. Additional research is needed because brand image can be formed through various channels.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

경제발전에 따라 사람들의 생활수준이 향상되면서 새로운 주거공간을 원하고 있다. 시간이 지날수록 노후 공동주택은 늘어날 것으로 전망 되므로 공동주택 리모델링 사업에 활용 가능한 사업성 평가방법을 통해 향후 확대되는 리모델링 시장의 준비가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 공동주택 맞춤형 리모델링 사업성 분석모델을 위해서 건축물의 공시가격에 영향을 미치는 사회적 가격형성요인을 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 수집된 표본은 127개 단지에 포함된 평형 별 350개 동을 활용하여 공시가격에 대한 다중회귀분석하였다. 중고수준, 고교수준, 총 세대수, 용적률이 추출되었고, 리모델링 사례에 적용하여 공시가격 비교 분석한 결과 기존 공시가격과 개선공시가격의 차이는 1억 4천8백만 원으로 분석되었다. 지하철역과의 접근성은 지가에 포함되었고, 맞춤형 리모델링이므로 최고층수와 향의 변화는 없다. 평가자가 공시가격요인을 일괄 적용하여 요인 추출 하는 종류에 따라 공시가격에 차이가 발생하였다. 본 연구는 향후 맞춤형 리모델링 사업성 분석 모델로 활용가능하다.