• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pollutant loads and its distribution, and to suggest the management of nonpoint sources in Daechong Reservoir. The loads from point and nonpoint sources such as population, industry, livestock and land use were calculated per stream or river with topography(1:25,000) of the watershed of Daechong Reservoir. The generating pollutant loads were obtained through multiplication of pollutant sources by generating pollutant quantity per unit pollutant source. The effluent point sources loads is defined as loads from wastewater treatment facilities such as domestic, industrial and livestock wastewater treatment facilities, which were calculated through multiplication of effluent flowrates by water quality constituents concentration. Untreated point sources loads were estimated to be 35 % of total point sources loads. The effluent nonpoint sources pollutant loads were obtained through the multiplication of generating nonpoint sources loads by effluent ratios based on previous studies. The effluent nonpoint sources loads have the ratio of 26.2% of total BOD effluent loadings, 20.1% of total T-N effluent loadings, and 10.5% of total T-P effluent loadings. For the reduction of nonpoint sources loads in Daechong Reservoir, silviculture, artificial wet land, and grassed waterways could be applied. And untreated livestock waste scattered can result in nonpoint loadings, so required the livestock wastes treatment facilities and purifying facilities together with the management of shed, pasture, livestock waste storage site and composting site. Finally, remote sensing and GIS should be applied to the identification of distribution of water quality, watershed, the location and scale of nonpoint sources, effluent process during rainfall, for more detailed analysis of nonpoint sources.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2013

에너지 부족과 지구온난화 문제들을 동시에 만족 시킬 수 있는 바이오매스 자원의 효율적 이용을 위해 국내에서 공급받을 수 있는 농산, 임산, 축산, 도시 생활 폐기물 등의 바이오매스 자원량을 기존에 발표된 자료들을 통합하여 분석하였다. 또한 자원량을 각 지역별 면적으로 나눈 지역별 바이오매스 자원 밀집도를 구하였다. 바이오매스 발생량의 분석은 가용할 수 있는 자원 잠재량을 파악할 수 있으나 지역별 밀집도 분석은 바이오매스 수집에 따른 비용을 고려한 바이오매스 자원 이용 가능성을 예측할 수 있도록 도와주고 바이오매스 자원에 따른 적절한 전환 공정 선택도 예측할 수 있도록 해준다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 1993

A sundry system is one of popular systems for composting livestock manure, of which main honest is to utilize unlimited, clean, and free solar radiation. A sundry system with a composter of two horizontal screw-type concrete ducts at different height, was constructed and operated for three days for each test in May, 1993, to evaluate its composting performance. Four treatments of the mixture ratio of swine manure and saw dust (manure : sawdust= 1 : 1.25, 1 : 1, 1 : 0.7, 1 : 0.5) were implemented to evaluate the effect of the mixture ratio on degradation of the composting materials of a sundry system with a screw-type composter. Maximum temperature of the composting materials was over 5$0^{\circ}C$ at D1 or D2 (one or two days after operation starts) for each test. Mean C/N ratio and water contents of the materials were reduced by more than 15 and 20％, respectively. Microbial density of each test showed a typical variation with the lapse of the composting time. Mesophilic microorganism seemed to play more important role on degradation of the materials than thermophilic. A sundry system with a screw-type composter can be considered as a feasible system on basis of maturity data. The conclusion was completely reverse from that of Choi et at., although both adopted a sundry system. A further study is recommended to pursue the cause of better performance of the screw-type composter, whether it was due to affirmative weather or more efficient composter.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2003

지하수 의존도가 큰 농촌지역에서 주로 사용하는 천부지하수는 오염에 민감하므로, 인간활동에 의한 질산성 질소 오염이 생활용수 공급에 큰 문제가 되고 있다. 농경활동과 함께 다양한 규모의 축사가 운영되고 있는 경기도 일죽지역 천부지하수에 대한 질산염 연구결과, 인위적 오염물질 유입이 예상되는 지점이 77%, 먹는물 수질기준을 초과하는 지점이 32～42%로 나타났다. 질소동위원소 분석 결과, 인위적 오염물질 유입이 예상되는 지점은 모두 $\delta^{15}$N-$NO_3$가 5$\textperthousand$ 이상으로 나타났으며, 59%지점이 동물분뇨에서 유래된 질소의 영향을 강하게 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구지역 천부지하수의 질산성 질소 주 오염 원인은 밀집된 축사로 밝혀졌으며, 운영이 종료된 축사라도 오랫동안 지하수질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. 축종에 따라 오염원의 화학적 특성이 다른데, 지표수게는 그 영향이 나타나지만, 지하로 유입되는 동안 반응에 의하여 일부 용질이 제거되므로 지하수에서는 오염원 차이에 의한 영향이 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.140-147
• /
• 2011

고온과 고광으로 인해 항산화요구도가 높은 8월 시기에 포플러클론들의 산화피해와 항산화반응에 대하여 양돈폐수의 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 잎의 이온유출량과 항산화효소 APX와 GR의 활성, 그리고 카로테노이드 함량을 조사였다. 포플러클론의 양돈폐수 처리에 따른 산화피해와 항산화반응은 다양하게 나타났다. 산화스트레스로 인한 세포막 피해 수준을 알 수 있는 이온유출량 기준으로, 크게 세 그룹으로 분류하였다. 첫번째 그룹은 세포막 피해수준이 대조구보다 높게 나타난 클론들로서 Eco 28, 62-10, Bonghwa1, Dorskamp가 포함되었다. 이들 그룹은 양돈폐수 처리로 인한 고농도 질소함량이 스트레스로 작용하여 여름철 항산화요구도가 더욱 가중된 것으로 보인다. 그래서 결과적으로 활성산소에 대한 항상성을 유지하지 못하였다. 두번째 그룹은 세포막 피해수준이 대조구와 유사한 Suwon, 72-30, 72-31 이었다. 세 번째 그룹은 세포막 피해수준이 대조구보다 낮게 나타난 97-18 이었다. 97-18 클론의 경우 양돈폐수 처리로 인해 공급된 질소가 여름철 산화스트레스에 대한 피해를 경감시켜, 양돈폐수 처리로 인한 여름철 산화피해가 가장 적은 클론으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 양돈폐수로 인한 고농도 질소가 클론마다 서로 다르게 작용할 수 있음을 의미한다. 생장시기인 여름철에 가중되는 산화피해는 전체 생중량에 영향을 주어 양돈폐수 정화능력에도 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 이러한 부분에 대해 추후 연구가 더 필요하다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.171-174
• /
• 2009

The black soldier fly larvae are able to decompose various organic wastes such as livestock manures and food wastes. We tested whether the quality of the insect derived compost, i.e. larval feces, was comparable to that of a commercial fertilizer. The results show that the chemical composition and the growth rate of cabbages grown on the insect derived compost are virtually identical to those on the commercial fertilizer. Therefore the insect derived compost will be an ideal substitute to commercial fertilizers.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.91-108
• /
• 2003

So far, we have pursued only convenient and efficient growth of economy, as a result, environment surrounding us has been destroyed and the rights of our existence gotten to be even threatened. We need to ensure our lives and at the same time, need a power with which agriculture undertakes global circulation structure and a power that is able to preserve our environment we live per so. Therefore, in the near future, the final objectives of agriculture structure for 21st century would be to increase productivity of highly developed agricultural products in accordance with the ecosystem and a recycling agriculture. What is a recycling agriculture\ulcorner In the narrow sense, it means provisions-producing- system related to interactive recycle of material among forestry, livestock husbandry and seeding agriculture. In the broad sense, it means to produce credible agricultural product by keeping balanced resources via conversion to complete degradable material of organic wastes produce within rural village. Based on this concept, finally, our goal is to construct the resources recycling community. Environment friendly agriculture ⇒ organic agriculture ⇒ recycling (circulation) agriculture ⇒ construction of community with resources recycling. Therefore, in order to construct recycling agriculture, most of all, it is considered that the following, it should be established reasonable standard amounts for fertilizer, manure and liquid fertilizer based on results of soil test by each region, nature-recycling form of crops production and livestock production systems by maximizing utilization of different recycling byproducts occurring in the crop producing process by each region.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.567-586
• /
• 2001

Gastrointestinal tract of ruminants as well as monogastric animals are colonised by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Gastrointestinal ecosystem, especially the rumen is emerging as an important source for enrichment and natural selection of microbes adapted to specific conditions. It represents a virtually untapped source of novel products (e.g. enzymes, antibiotics, bacteriocins, detoxificants and aromatic compounds) for industrial and therapeutic applications. Several gastrointestinal bacteria and fungi implicated in detoxification of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) can be modified and manipulated into promising system for detoxifying feed stuffs and enhancing fibre fermentation both naturally by adaptation or through genetic engineering techniques. Intestinal lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and butyrivibrios are being thoroughly investigated and widely recommended as probiotics. Restriction endonucleases and native plasmids, as stable vectors and efficient DNA delivery systems of ruminal and intestinal bacteria, are increasingly recognised as promising tools for genetic manipulation and development of industrially useful recombinant microbes. Enzymes can improve the nutrient availability from feed stuffs, lower feed costs and reduce release of wastes into the environment. Characterization of genes encoding a variety of commercially important enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, $\beta$-glucanases, pectinases, amylases and phytases will foster the development of more efficacious and viable enzyme supplements and enzyme expression systems for enhancing livestock production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 1996

Twelve indigenous(desi) growing male calves of 9-12 months of age($95.3{\pm}12.6kg$) were divided into 4 groups having 3 animals in each group. Each group of calves received 1 kg fresh concentrate mixtures where tea waste was supplemented as 0($T_0$), 50($T_1$), 100($T_2$) and 150($T_3$) g $d^{-1}$ with the replacement of equal amount of concentrate mixtures. In addition, each calf received ad libitum chopped rice straw and 2 kg green grass a day. Dry matter intake increased by offering higher levels of tea waste except in the treatment $T_3$. Daily gain(g $d^{-1}$) was comparatively higher in $T_2$ group(314.6g) compared to other treatments. Feed efficiency(kg DM $kg^{-1}$ gain) was also higher in $T_2$ group(9.9) where feed cost $kg^{-1}$ gain was also comparatively lower(Tk. 25.7) than the other treatments. Dry matter and CP digestibility increased with the increase in supplementation of tea wastes except in the treatment $T_3$.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농공학회 2000년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.536-542
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of stream quality by the farmer＇s livestock wastes management in a typical small agricultural watershed. AGNPS model has the capability to adjust the level of pollutant load from farmstead and the fertilization level of upland field. A small agricultural watershed(4.12 $\textrm{km}^2$) which has as livestock farmhouses located in Gosan-myun, Ansung-gun was selected. AGNPS data were prepared by using Arc/info and Idrisi. 4 storm events in 1999 was used for runoff calibration, and 2 storm event which is measured in hourly-base at 4 locations along the stream were used for water quality(TN, TP) calibration. Model＇s behavior to stream quality for 3 cases was investigated. First, the variation of pollution produced from the cattle shed affected little to the stream quality because the cattle sheds were roofed. Second, the good management of ground in farmstead affected to stream quality with 11% and 17% decrease in TN and TP, respectively. Third, the reduction of fertilization level to upland field affected to stream quality with 27.2% and 38.5% decrease in TN and TP, respectively.