• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2014

Ultrasound measurements of backfat thickness (UBF), longissimus muscle area (ULMA) and marbling score (UMS) and carcass measurements of carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BF), longissimus muscle area (LMA), and marbling score (MS) on 7,044 Hanwoo steers were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters. Data from Hanwoo steers that were raised, finished in Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do (province) and shipped to slaughter houses during the period from October 2010 to April 2013 were evaluated. Ultrasound measurements were taken at approximately three months before slaughter by an experienced operator using a B-mode real-time ultrasound device (HS-2000, FHK Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with a 3.5 MHz linear probe. Ultrasound scanning was on the left side between 13th rib and the first lumbar vertebrae. All slaughtering processes and carcass evaluations were performed in accordance with the guidelines of beef grading system of Korea. To estimate genetic parameters, multiple trait animal models were applied. Fixed effects included in the models were: the effects of farm, contemporary group effects (year-season at the time of ultrasound scanning in the models for UBF, ULMA, and UMS, and year-season at slaughter in the models for CW, BF, LMA, and MS), the effects of ultrasound technicians as class variables and the effects of the age in days at ultrasound scanning or at slaughtering as linear covariates, respectively for ultrasound and carcass measures. Heritability estimates obtained from our analyses were 0.37 for UBF, 0.13 for ULMA, 0.27 for UMS, 0.44 for CW, 0.33 for BF, 0.36 for LMA and 0.54 MS, respectively. Genetic correlations were strongly positive between corresponding traits of ultrasound and carcass measures. Genetic correlation coefficient between UBF and BF estimate was 0.938, between ULMA and LMA was 0.767 and between UMS and MS was 0.925. These results suggest that ultrasound measurement traits are genetically similar to carcass measurement traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.784-788
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• 2008

Studies to detect genes responsible for economic traits in farm animals have been performed using parametric linear models. A non-parametric, model-free approach using the 'expanded multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method' considering high dimensionalities of interaction effects between multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), was applied to identify interaction effects of SNPs responsible for carcass traits in a Hanwoo beef cattle population. Data were obtained from the Hanwoo Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperation Federation, Korea, and comprised 299 steers from 16 paternal half-sib proven sires that were delivered in Namwon or Daegwanryong livestock testing stations between spring of 2002 and fall of 2003. For each steer at approximately 722 days of age, the Longssimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) was measured after slaughter. Three functional SNPs (19_1, 18_4, 28_2) near the microsatellite marker ILSTS035 on BTA6, around which the QTL for meat quality were previously detected, were assessed. Application of the expanded MDR method revealed the best model with an interaction effect between the SNPs 19_1 and 28_2, while only one main effect of SNP19_1 was statistically significant for LMA (p<0.01) under a general linear mixed model. Our results suggest that the expanded MDR method better identifies interaction effects between multiple genes that are related to polygenic traits, and that the method is an alternative to the current model choices to find associations of multiple functional SNPs and/or their interaction effects with economic traits in livestock populations.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are considered to be major source of human infection. The aim of this survey was to investigate seroprevalence of C. burnetii in ruminants in Gwangju area. A total of 1,000 samples (serum and lactoserum) were collected from 987 Korean native cattle, 5 Korean native goats, 2 beef cattle, 6 bulk-tank milk from each dairy farm in Gwangju area from January to October 2020 and analyzed by ELISA. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk from each dairy farms was 50.0%. Korean black goat and beef cattle had negative antibody test results for C. burnetii. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle in Gwangju area was 7.1% and was higher in female (7.8%) than in male (3.4%) (P=0.024). The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle appeared to increase with age (3.8% in 1 year-old, 7.1% in 3 year-old, and 10.7% in more than 5 year-old) (P<0.001). The seroprevalence of C. burnetii of Korean native cattle increased in spring and May was the highest in particular (P<0.001). As the distribution and density of tick-habitat are expected to increase due to climate crisis, this survey highlights the need for monitoring C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, including surveillance of C. burnetii infection in people working for livestock industry.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

본 시험은 제주도내 92개 낙농가중 3지역 8개 낙농가 착유우 262두에서 생산되는 우유의 품질을 분석하고, 고품질 우유생산에 저해 요인이 되는 유방염 원인균을 분석 처방하여 체세포 수가 낮은 신선한 고품질의 우유를 생산코자 시험을 수행하였다. 6-10월 중 일일 1두당 평균 산유량은 22.4kg, 평균 유지율은 3.69%였다. 우유내 평균 세균수는 15천/ml로 대체로 양호 하였으며, 체세포 수는 농가 평균 254.6천/ml 였고, 착유우 742분방에 대한 6-10월간 체세포수의 분포 비율은 우유 ml당 20만 이하 68.8%, 20-50만 18.8%, 50만 이상 12.4% 였다. 유방염 원인균별 발생분포는 포도구균성이 47분방으로 가장 많았으며, 연쇄상 구균성 17분방, 바실러스성 12분방 등으로 분석되었다. 산유량, 유지율, 세균 수, 체세포 수를 적용한 농가별 월간 조수입은 두당평균 407천원이였으며, E와 A 농가에서는 456-445천원으로 높은 반면, H농가는 314천원으로 낮아 농가간에 큰 소득 차이가 있었다. 결론적으로 낙농소득 향상을 위해서는 사양체계 개선에 의한 산유량 및 유지 율을 높이고, 위생적인 사양관리로 세균 수를 낮추며, 유방염의 예방 및 정기 검진에 의한 적정 처방으로 체세포 수를 경감시켜야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.402-411
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to assess the concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide according to task unit area at swine farms. Methods: A total of six swine farms were selected for this study. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were monitored using a real-time multi-gas monitor which could sample the gases simultaneously. The sampling was done in the pig building, manure storage facility and composting facility of each farm. Results: The concentration of ammonia in the pig buildings(GM 22.6 ppm, GSD 2.3) was significantly higher(p<0.0001) than in the manure storage facilities(GM 10.4 ppm, GSD 2.7) and composting facilities(GM 8.6 ppm, GSD 2.8). The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the manure storage facilities(GM 9.8 ppm, GSD 3.2) was higher(p<0.0001) than in the pig buildings(GM 2.3 ppm, GSD 2.3) and composting facilities(GM 1.9 ppm, GSD 2.5). In particular, the levels of hydrogen sulfide in the confined manure storage facilities were higher than those in open-type facilities and the peak concentration(98 ppm) in the confined facilities was approximate to 100 ppm, at the value of Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health(IDLH). Conclusions: Suffocation accidents caused by hazardous gases at a swine farm have occurred annually. Real-time monitoring of the hazards should be done in order to protect farm workers and livestock from the sudden accidents.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.101-120
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• 1999

본 연구는 농업의 산업화 과정에서 국가의 농업정책이 지역적 전문화(specialization)에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가를 영국을 사례로 하여 분석한 논문이다. 1950년대 이후 영국은 영농규모의 집중화(concentration), 보장 가격의 설시, 조건불리지역 사업을 통해 농업의 산업화를 촉진하는 정책을 실시하였으며 이로 인해 농업의 지역적인 전문화가 발생하였다. 작물의 전문화는 밀과 보리 및 종유(oilseed)를 중심으로 나타났다. 밀의 경우 EU 가입이후 상대적으로 부족하면서 공동농업정정책(Common Agricultural Policy)에서 높은 보장가격을 지지받음에 따라 동부 잉글랜드 지방의 토양이 비옥한 지역을 중심으로 전문화가 이루어졌다. 보리의 경우 사료작물로 재배되면서 가축사육지원정책의 영향을 받아 가축사육의 전문화가 이루어진 지역에서 집중 재배되었다. 종유의 지역적 전문화는 식품가공업이 발달과 함께 품종 개발, 가공 및 저장기술의 발달로 남부지역에서 북부지역으로 확산되었다. 가축 사육은 작물 재배보다 전문화가 뚜렷하였다. 특히 1970년대부터 실시된 조건불리지역 사업은 영농조건이 불리한 영국 서부 구릉지 지역에 전문화를 유발시키면서 환경보전론자들의 비판을 받기도 하였다. 또한 1980년대 중반이후 우유생산량을 줄이기 위한 쿼터제도에서 농민들간에 쿼터량을 거래할 수 있게 함으로서, 동부지역의 농민이 서부지역에 이를 양도함으로서 전문화는 더욱 촉진되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 농업정책이 현시적으로 혹은 암묵적으로 공간적인 측면을 지니게 되어 농업의 지역적 분화를 유발함을 의미한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.30-40
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• 1992

The area of grassland established and the arable land in forage production have been decreased recently in Korea. As a result, forages available from the grassland and the arable land provided only 40% of the total roughage consumed by cattle in 1991, compared with 54% in 1989. The decreasing trend of the forage production has been impinged on by a number of legislative. socio-economic. technical and other constraints negatively affecting grassland and forage development. Consequently. effective systems and strategies are quite necessary to have sustainable grassland farming in Korea. In spring and autumn, temperatures are too low for subtropical forage crops, and the summer monsoon climate is another serious limitation to the use of cool-season species. Therefore it is an imperative that not only the research-based grassland development but also the forage crop production should be strongly supported by the government authorities to overcome such climatic limitations. Private forest land holdings are of relatively small units in Korea. Accordingly. it is necessary and important to enlarge the forest land holdings per farm to develop as economic units of grassland. For this the government should introduce new policy measures such as for example: long-term leases of Sorest land and the idle arable land of absentee owners ; rational rental system of national and public forest lands; integrating livestock and forest production. All the laws and regulations standing in the way of the grassland development in forest lands should be modified and revised to open the way for much easier development of grassland. It is also proposed that a high level of financial incentives -hould be provided for structural improvements for the grassland development. They may be: mechanization facilitation, construction of new roads relating to grassland, and land exchange and consolidation. And it is basically necessary that financial enumeration or profits must be garanteed in order to motivate farmers to keep up farming continuously. For more efficient grassland development in mountainous areas, reorganization of Alpine Experiment Station and NAB1 Namwon Branch Station may be needed. Research should be strengthened for completion of pasture mixtures, development of maximum forage production methods with a view to saving labor and reducing production costs, introduction of grazing and forage conservation techniques. and utilization of rice straw as more palatable and nutritious forage source. In order to have more efficient and effective transfer of advanced forage production technologies to livestock farmers the user-clients. it is also essential that special training measures should be given to livestock farmers through making greater use of specialized research and extension workers.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2018

Background: Ethiopia is among the poorest countries where land degradation caused livelihood problem to its inhabitants. The livelihood of rural communities in Ethiopia is seriously threatened by land degradation. Land is the major natural resource that economic, social, infrastructure, and other human activities are undertaken on. Thus, land resources play an important role in shaping rural livelihoods, and lack of sustainable land management practices leads to land degradation. Thus, this study aimed to analyze interlink between land degradation and livelihood of rural communities in Chilga district, Northwest Ethiopia. It also addresses the factors which influence income diversification for livelihood of households in the study area. Result: The result depicts that the major causes of land degradation are both natural and anthropogenic. Land degradation and livelihood are negatively interlinked with each other. The livelihood of the majority of the population in the study area is dependent on subsistence agriculture both farming and animal husbandry with low diversification. The survey result showed that more than half (69%) of the sample households have farm size of less than 2 ha, nearly one third (31%) have 2.0-2.5 ha, and insignificant number of farmers have more than 2.5 ha. More than 80% of the respondents pointed out that land degradation has impacts both on crop yield and livestock production. Most of the explanatory variables such as gender, age, education level, farmland size, and family size have statistical significant influence (at P < .01 and P < .05 levels) for income diversification of households, while marital status on the other hand is not statistically significant though it has positive relation with income diversification in this study. Conclusions: Our results suggest awareness should be created in the community about the livelihood diversification mechanisms which enabled them to engage in different income-generating activities and comprehensive watershed management should be implemented.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.315-326
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• 2002

육성비육우에 대한 황토급여 효과 구명을 위하여 거세한우 송아지 10두(평균체중 : 144.7kg)를 대상으로 황토급여 유무에 따른 2개 처리(T1 : 황토 무급여, T2 : 황토 자유채식) 와 황토급여 수준에 따른 4개 처리(T3 : 황토 무급여, T4 : 황토 2% 첨가, T5 : 황토 5% 첨가, T6 : 황토 자유채식)를 두어 6개월령부터 24개월령까지 540일간 사양시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 시험 1에서, 일당증체량은 육성기 및 비육후기에는 황토 무급여구가, 비육전기에는 황토 자유채식구가 우수하였으나 전기간 동안에는 황토급여 유무에 따른 차이가 없었고, 1kg 증체당 소요된 농후사료 및 TDN량도 황토급여 유무에 따른 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 도체조사 결과, 도체율, 정육율 및 거래정육율은 황토급여 유무에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 육량지수, 전단력 및 관능검사의 각 항목 등은 황토급여시 개선되는 경향이었다. 그 밖에 경제성분석결과 처리구별 소득은 처리구간에 따른 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 시험 2에서, 일당증체량은 육성기에는 황토 무급여구가, 비육전기에는 황토 5%구가 그리고 비육후기에는 황토 자유채식구가 우수하였으나 전기간에는 황토급여 수준에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나, 1kg 증체당 소요된 농후사료 및 TDN량 관행사육구에 비해 황토 급여구에서 각각 4.5-8.3% 및 1.2-1.6% 적게 소요되었다. 도체조사 결과 등지방두께, 배최장근단면적 및 육량지수는 황토급여 수준에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 없었지만, 근내지방도는 황토 5% 및 자유채식구에서 높은 것으로 나타났고, 황토를 자유채식시 관행사육에 비해 소득이 15.5% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과를 요약해 볼 때 거세한우 비육우에 대해 가공하지 않은 황토 급여시 육량 및 사료이용성에는 뚜렷한 효과가 없는 반면 육질개선에는 다소 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 황토급여시에는 비육후기에 자유채식의 형태로 급여하되, 이용성 증대를 위해 미세입자로 하거나 지장수 형태로 급여하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.464-472
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• 2012

본 연구는 2010~2011년 한국에서 발생한 구제역이 시 공간에서 어떠한 군집 특징을 보이는가를 질병역학적 관점에서 지리정보시스템(GIS) 기반의 공간통계 방법으로 분석한 것으로 다음과 같은 주요 소견을 도출하였다. 첫째, 경기북부의 발생 사례에서는 가축 사육밀도가 높아 주변 농장으로 바이러스 전파가 용이한 환경에서는 구제역이 상대적으로 좁은 공간적 범위에서 시 공간 군집을 이루면서 전파되는 양상을 보였다. 둘째, 여주 이천 안성 등 경기도 남동부지역에서는 전체 구제역 발생 지점이 공간상으로는 밀집해 있지만 시간상으로는 분산되는 양상을 보였다. 셋째, 시간적 범위를 7일로 하였을 때 시 공간 군집의 평균 반경이 25km이고 최소 반경은 5.4km, 최대 반경은 74km로 분석되었다. 또한 구제역 발병 초기에는 군집의 반경이 작지만, 시간이 지남에 따라 군집의 반경이 커진다는 소견에 근거할 때 특정 지점에서 발생한 구제역에 대한 방역계획을 수립할 때 일차적으로 방역 범위에 대한 정확한 평가가 중요함을 시사한다.