• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.197-200
• /
• 2016

Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, can cause cryptosporidiosis which is a gastrointestinal disease that can infect humans and livestock. Cattle are the most common livestock that can be infected with this protozoan. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia and to find out the association between the occurrence of infection and 3 different ages of cattle (calves less than 1 year, yearling, and adult cattle). The samples were processed by using formol-ether concentration technique and stained by modified Ziehl Neelsen. The results showed that 15.9% (24/151) of cattle were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in calves less than 1 year was the highest with the percentage of 20.0% (11/55) followed by yearling and adult cattle, with the percentage occurrence of 15.6 % (7/45) and 11.8% (6/51), respectively. There was no significant association between the occurrence and age of cattle and presence of diarrhea. Good management practices and proper hygiene management must be taken in order to reduce the infection. It is highly important to control the infection since infected cattle may serve as potential reservoirs of the infection to other animals and humans, especially animal handlers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.1663-1670
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions and knowledge of farmers of heat stress and tick resistance in cattle. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and 110 farmers in four villages in the sour and sweet velds of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa were interviewed. The associations among area (municipality), gender, age, level of education, employment and religion were computed using Chi-square tests. The majority of the respondents had on average 4 bulls, 4 cows, 4 heifers, 4 calves, and 4 oxen. Milk was considered as the major (28.3%) reason for keeping cattle. Most farmers owned non-descript (72.6%), and Nguni (45.3%) cattle because of their heat tolerance (54.7%), tick resistance (54.7%), and milking ability (28.2%) traits. Excessive panting (56.6%) and disease transmission (76%) were regarded as the major effects of heat stress and tick infestation in cattle, respectively. About 50% of the respondents agreed that hair length influences tick resistance and 47.17% considered coat colour when acquiring cattle. In the sampled areas, ticks were prevalent in the summer season (93%), and 77.36% of the respondents use acaricides every fortnight. Gall sickness was reported to be a major problem in the cattle herds by 36.79% of the respondents. Our results showed that farmers in the two municipalities had knowledge of cattle adaptation to heat stress and tick resistance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.992-1006
• /
• 2018

Beef production extends over almost half of Australia, with about 47,000 cattle producers that contribute about 20% ($A12.7 billion gross value of production) of the total value of farm production in Australia. Australia is one of the world's most efficient producers of cattle and was the world's third largest beef exporter in 2016. The Australian beef industry had 25 million head of cattle in 2016-17, with a national beef breeding herd of 11.5 million head. Australian beef production includes pasture-based cow-calf systems, a backgrounding or grow-out period on pasture, and feedlot or pasture finishing. Feedlot finishing has assumed more importance in recent years to assure the eating quality of beef entering the relatively small Australian domestic market, and to enhance the supply of higher value beef for export markets. Maintenance of Australia's preferred status as a quality assured supplier of high value beef produced under environmentally sustainable systems from 'disease-free' cattle is of highest importance. Stringent livestock and meat quality regulations and quality assurance systems, and productivity growth and efficiency across the supply chain to ensure price competiveness, are crucial for continued export market growth in the face of increasing competition. Major industry issues, that also represent research, development and adoption priorities and opportunities for the Australian beef industry have been captured within exhaustive strategic planning processes by the red meat and beef industries. At the broadest level, these issues include consumer and industry support, market growth and diversification, supply chain efficiency, productivity and profitability, environmental sustainability, and animal health and welfare. This review provides an overview of the Australian beef industry including current market trends and future prospects, and major issues and opportunities for the continued growth, development and profitability of the industry.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.1258-1267
• /
• 2014

가축의 고 성장률, 강건성, 질병 저항성과 같은 경제적 형질을 발굴하는 것은 매우 중요한 과제이다. 이에 경제적 형질을 발굴하기 위한 방법으로 전통적으로 RFLP, AFLP와 같은 방법이 대두되었으며, 최근 NGS 기법이 발달함에 따라 이러한 경제적 형질을 전장게놈의 수준에서 발굴하려는 노력이 계속되고 있다. 하지만, NGS 기법의 경우 상대적으로 많은 연구 비용이 필요한 실정이다. 이를 극복하기 위한 노력으로써 RNA-seq, RAD-Seq, RRL, MSG, GBS 등과 같은 기법이 활용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 NGS 기법을 기반으로 한 최근 연구 동향을 확인하고자 하며, 특히 최소의 연구 비용으로 최대의 효과를 낼 수 있는 연구 방법을 소개하는 데 초점을 맞추었다. 또한 이러한 연구 방법이 우수한 경제형질을 가진 가축을 선정하는 데 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지에 대해 토의하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.1221-1226
• /
• 2019

우리나라의 농업에서 축산이 차지하는 중요성은 매우 크다. 소독시설 및 가축 위생, 악취 등의 환경적인 요소에 대한 투자는 상대적으로 소홀하여 최근 몇 년 사이에 가축 질병이 국내 축산 농가의 소득 안정을 위협하는 가장 큰 요인으로 대두되었다. 오염물질로 피해를 보고 있는 중소 규모 농가와 경제적인 여건상 가격이 비싼 소독기를 설치할 여력이 없는 소규모 농가에서도 구매 설치할 수 있는 출입관리 시스템이 필요하다[1]. 본 논문에서는 기제안한 플라즈마 출입관리시스템을 바탕으로 오염물질로 피해를 보고 있는 농가에서 필요로 하는 플라즈마를 이용한 살균시스템을 도입한 출입관리 및 통합제어 시스템을 통해 편리성 및 안전성 확보를 할 수 있는 ICT 모니터링 출입관리 시스템의 시제품을 개발하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.603-609
• /
• 2016

Brucellosis affects a wide range of host species, including humans and many livestock animals. Chronic infections of the disease make antibiotic treatment costly, and the current vaccine used in livestock has not been approved for human use. This study investigated the possible use of the Brucella abortus outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a candidate subunit vaccine in an infected mouse model. The ompA gene was cloned and overexpressed, and the recombinant OmpA (rOmpA) protein fused to maltose binding protein (MBP) was purified in Escherichia coli. Immunogenicity was verified through western blotting, and mice were immunized and challenged to evaluate its protective effect. Mice treated with rOmpA exhibited induced humoral and host cell-mediated responses, with a significant increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG1 and IgG2a) and cytokine levels, especially TNF-α and IL-12, compared with the control groups treated with either MBP or PBS. In conclusion, rOmpA should be highly considered as a future subunit vaccine for brucellosis, and further studies regarding rOmpA and its protective ability are suggested.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.522-531
• /
• 2013

Objectives: A field survey was conducted in a hog-raising industry in order to help develop personal protective equipment for workers which would secure the safety and the health of these workers. The attempt by this study will help enhance safety in the livestock industry and contribute to the advancement of the industry. Method: The study first selected a total of 111 workers from the hog-raising industry as research participants and designed a survey with questions on general characteristics, indoor and outdoor working environments, how the workers would in practice wear or purchase the working clothes, what needs to be improved in these new working clothes, how much the workers would be likely to accept the working clothes and protective equipment, and lastly, conditions of the communicable disease control overgarment. The collected data underwent frequency analysis and cross analysis with SPSS 21.0. Result: The research targets' average age was 50 years. Work efficiency by environmental factor was normal, but all age groups had experience of accidents (79.3%). Major wounded parts were under elbow and under knee. Protective equipment most commonly worn was helmet (83.4%), gloves (98.2%) and boots (99.1%), and satisfaction with them was normal at 3.41. Working clothing most commonly worn was old clothing (31.8%) and everyday wear (17.6%) and satisfaction with it was low. Considering the improvement of working clothing, they required attached pouches, elasticity and deodorization. The acceptability of improved working clothing was high at 69.2%. Conclusion: After problems have been addressed in relevant future research, what has been learned from the concerned study will be referred to as a useful basic reference when the relevant field works to develop high-quality working clothing and protective equipment for workers in the hog-raising industry.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.272-282
• /
• 2017

In Bangladesh, since the beginning of 21st century, the poultry industry has become an unparalleled platform for a quick profit, the generation of local employment, and the production of cheaper animal proteins. This paper summarizes poultry industry-related facts and figures for Bangladesh, starting from the very beginnings of this sector when poultry farming was part of subsistence family farming only to today's highly commercialized horizon, through personal experiences, secondary data analysis, spot visits, and the sharing of views and ideas with stakeholders. A critical analysis reveals that the poultry industry in Bangladesh may become multi-dimensional and more stable in the near future as it establishes sufficient backward and forward linkages to input and output supplies. We can foresee its passing the very fast growing juvenile stages of higher net profit earning and less responsible then becoming fully mature. The projected demand and production potentials of this sector are increasing, but at a slower pace than before, in the face of some important challenges like emerging disease, higher prices of inputs, consumer preferences, and strong market competition. However, evidence suggests that the production systems of poultry in Bangladesh are entering a new era to cater to the needs of consumers, society, and government as it produces healthier and more diversified, further-processed foods, in the coming years. A better economy in the country, a more health-conscious population, and the availability of new and affordable innovations in this sector might be the driving forces to support the foreseen transformations.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
• /
• pp.228-239
• /
• 2009

The observations on climate change show a clear increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface and the oceans, a reduction in the land snow cover, and melting of the sea ice and glaciers. The effects of climate change are likely to include more variable weather, heat waves, increased mean temperature, rains, flooding and droughts. The threat of climate change and global warming on human and animal health is now recognized as a global issue. This presentation is described an overview of the latest scientific knowledge on the impact of climate change on zoonotic diseases. Climate strongly affects agriculture and livestock production and influences animal diseases, vectors and pathogens, and their habitat. Global warming are likely to change the temporal and geographical distribution of infectious diseases, including those that are vector-borne such as West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, bluetongue, malaria and visceral leishmaniasis, and other diarrheal diseases. The distribution and prevalence of vector-borne diseases may be the most significant effect of climate change. The impact of climate change on the emergence and re-emergence of animal diseases has been confirmed by a majority of countries. Emerging zoonotic diseases are increasingly recognized as a global and regional issue with potential serious human health and economic impacts and their current upward trends are likely to continue. Coordinated international responses are therefore essential across veterinary and human health sectors, regions and countries to control and prevent emerging zoonoses. A new early warning and alert systems is developing and introducing for enhancing surveillance and response to zoonotic diseases. And international networks that include public health, research, medical and veterinary laboratories working with zoonotic pathogens should be established and strengthened. Facing this challenging future, the long-term strategies for zoonotic diseases that may be affected by climate change is need for better prevention and control measures in susceptible livestock, wildlife and vectors in Korea. In conclusion, strengthening global, regional and national early warning systems is extremely important, as are coordinated research programmes and subsequent prevention and control measures, and need for the global surveillance network essential for early detection of zoonotic diseases.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2010

Pesticides are useful to eliminate harmful insects and grow crops however, misuse and abuse of pesticides may cause a death of wild birds, livestock, and companion animals. We analyzed residual pesticides in the ingesta and tissues from the dead wild birds, livestock, and companion animals which were suspected pesticide poisoning based on the diagnosis of the Animal Disease Diagnostic Center of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS). The samples were primarily brought to NVRQS from local communities and veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The 231 suspicious samples of pesticide poisoning based on the necropsy were analyzed by GC/NPD, GC/FPD, GC/ECD, or GC/MSD in 2008 and 2009. Pesticides were identified from the 55 samples of total 143 samples analyzed in 2008 and from the 34 samples of total 88 samples analyzed in 2009. The pesticide identification rates in 2008 were higher than the rates in 2009. It may have relevance to the increased samples with the outbreak of avian influenza in 2008 in Korea. The concentrations of pesticides found in the dead animals varied and exceeded the respective $LD_{50}$ of pesticides in many cases. Monochrotophos, phosphamidon, and methomyl were the most common pesticides found and those pesticides are high rank sales in Korea. The cause of pesticide poisoning in animal is assuming a misuse and an abuse of commonly used pesticides in Korea.