• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.139-148
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• 2022

Saxifraga hirculus is classified as a vulnerable plant species in Europe, and it is confined to base-rich flushes in the British uplands. However, a lack of available information about its conservation status hampers the development of adaptive strategies for its in-situ conservation, especially with respect to grazing. To assess the effectiveness of sheep grazing in maintaining viable populations of S. hirculus, we compared the community dynamics of the vegetation in a base-rich flush over 44 years in two plots: one sheep-grazed under business-as-usual sheep grazing densities and the other fenced to exclude grazing. The plots were established in 1972, and the abundances of all vascular plants, bryophytes, and litter were measured at six intervals until 2016. Our results showed that although the presence of S. hirculus was maintained in both plots over the 44 years, it declined and reached a minimum between 1995 and 2010, when it was close to extinction. Since 2013, Saxifraga has recovered only slightly. Interestingly, the S. hirculus response appeared to be independent of grazing treatment, but it mirrored wider changes in the vegetation composition and structure within the flush over the 44 years. These changes are similar to others reported in broader uplands that have been attributed to a combination of reduced nitrogen and sulfur deposition and global warming. Thus, the simple adaptive management approach of "just managing" sheep grazing appeared ineffectual for preserving the S. hirculus population. S. hirculus showed signs of recovery at the end of the study period within this base-rich flush.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.453-454
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• 2002

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.800-802
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• 1994

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1121-1139
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• 2015

In texture-plus-depth format, depth map compression is an important task. Different from normal texture images, depth maps have less texture information, while contain many homogeneous regions separated by sharp edges. This feature will be employed to form an efficient depth map coding scheme in this paper. Firstly, the histogram of the depth map will be analyzed to find an appropriate threshold that segments the depth map into the foreground and background regions, allowing the edge between these two kinds of regions to be obtained. Secondly, the two regions will be encoded through rate distortion optimization with a shape adaptive wavelet transform, while the edges are lossless encoded with JBIG2. Finally, a depth-updating algorithm based on the threshold and the depth range is applied to enhance the quality of the decoded depth maps. Experimental results demonstrate the effective performance on both the depth map quality and the synthesized view quality.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2014

The wireless capsule endoscopy played an important role as the evolutionary medical device to solving the difficulties such as diagnosing the intestine diseases. Due to the limited size and functions, it has some drawbacks. The most obstacle thing is the disability of self-motion, it means that it cannot provide the speed problem. Hence, the characteristics of human digestion system is briefly introduced, especially the intestine, to get the information of endoscopy dynamics. Next, in order to make an abstraction of the condition, a new dynamic friction model called LuGre model is introduced and clearly analysed to get the characteristics and the usage of the model. By the consideration of parameters that are tightly related with the real situation of the capsule endoscopy. The Matlab Simulink was applied to build the model and verified by the simulation to discover the features.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.242-252
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• 2007

성당은 인간의 세계와 신의 세계를 연결해주는 영역적 전환의 성격을 갖는 건축물이다. 그리고 이곳에서 벌어지는 찬송과 주문 등의 일련의 예배의식과정은 신의 영역으로의 전환을 위함이라고 할 수 있다. 전통적으로 성당에서의 예배는 성직자들의 의식 진행과정이 신도들에게 잘 드러나지 않도록 배치되어왔다. 성직자와 일반신도는 철저히 구별되고 그 거리를 최대로 하는 건축계획이 이루어져왔는데 이것은 예배의 의식과정이 보다 신비스럽고 경외의 대상이 됨으로서 신권을 보다 확고히 하기 위한 의도로 풀이될 수 있다. 그러나 모더니즘의 탄생과 더불어 시작된 자유화는 사회의 각 분야를 변화시키고 성당에서도 예전의 신권 중심의 예배의식에서 벗어나, 보다 인간적인 의식으로의 전환이 정착되기에 이르렀다. 신도는 보다 적극적으로 예배의식에 참여할 수 있게 되고 예배의식 이후에는 신도들의 인간적 교류를 증진하는 다양한 활동이 제공되었다. 이러한 상황 하에서 전통적 형태의 영국성당은 매우 성스럽고 예배를 위한 좋은 환경을 제공하고 있는데 비하여 모더니즘 이후의 성당은 현대 성당이 요구하는 예배 후의 다양한 활동을 수용한다는 생각이 지배적이었다. 본 연구는 이러한 일반적 견해에 대한 보다 과학적 분석 및 해석을 위하여 스페이스 신택스 기법을 사용하여 정량적 접근을 시도하였고 다양한 문헌고찰을 통하여 이에 대한 보다 면밀한 정성적 분석을 시도하였는데 그 결과 이에 대한 일반적 견해와는 반대로 전통적 형태의 성당이 예배후의 다양한 활동에 적합한데 비하여 현대적 형태의 성당은 예배의식에 보다 적합하다는 것으로 판명되었다.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

In construction, stakeholders of extended project team play a key role in the overall project performance. Successful integration of stakeholders demands for good management practices at strategic, operational and project levels. Targets and measures to improve the stakeholder performance encourage the creativity and willingness of stakeholders of extended project team to develop the better ways to achieve the project objectives. This paper presents a generic descriptive method, showing how stakeholder's ability and influence impacts on project performance in the construction sector. The findings of a series of interviews with key informants are presented and the following main conclusion is drawn: improving project performance through stakeholder's contribution and measuring their performance can strengthen the project performance. This innovative approach which redefines the process of improving the project performance in construction projects will be of interest to those who intend to manage the projects in practice as well as to those who interested in advancing theory.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.22.1-22.12
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• 2014

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. is a dense evergreen tree of the family Thymelaeceae. This plant is popular with the name of Mahkota dewa, which is literally translated as God's Crown. All parts of this plant including fruits, seeds, stem, and leaves have well known therapeutic properties and have been extensively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, allergies, kidney disorders, blood diseases, stroke, and acne with satisfactory results. Scientific findings on bioactivities of P. macrocarpa also demonstrated different pharmacological properties of various parts of this plant including cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antihypertensive activities. Phytochemicals studies of P. macrocarpa revealed the presence of several classes of compounds such as benzophenones, terpenoids, xanthones, lignans, acids, and sugars. This review aims to provide a critical overview on botanical description, traditional usage, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of P. macrocarpa.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

Sliding mode design and analysis for nonlinear system was carried out. A designer will determine the parameters to know about the performance and robustness of the system dynamics. To investigate the characteristics of sliding mode control, an inverted pendulum model is applied by the sliding mode control and the state concerned is output. Comparison is made by evaluating different initial conditions, sliding numerical components for sliding surface, and input gain, the dynamic of output will be investigated to conclude the generality. Control approaches have their limitations and sliding mode control is no exception. The chattering problem is its main negative effect to overcome. This effect is displayed and in this project chattering problem is suppressed by a modified discontinuous controller.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2015

We present [$Fe\;{\small{II}}$] ${\lambda}1.257{\mu}m$ spectra toward the interacting binary UY Aur with 0".14 angular resolution, obtained with the Near infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) combined with the adaptive optics system Altair of the GEMINI observatory. In the [$Fe\;{\small{II}}$] emission, UY Aur A (primary) is brighter than UY Aur B (secondary). The blueshifted and redshifted emission between the primary and secondary show a complicated structure. The radial velocities of the [$Fe\;{\small{II}}$] emission features are similar for UY Aur A and B: ${\sim}-100km\;s^{-1}$ and ${\sim}+130km\;s^{-1}$ for the blueshifted and redshifted components, respectively. Considering the morphologies of the [$Fe\;{\small{II}}$] emissions and bipolar outflow context, we concluded that UY Aur A drives fast and widely opening outflows with an opening angle of ${\sim}90^{\circ}$ while UY Aur B has micro collimated jets.