• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

목적 : 프리모 모드와 미성숙 간조직에 대한 조직학적 특성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법 : 흰쥐에서 간절제한 후, 간장기 표면에서 관찰되는 프리모 모드와 그와 유사한 미성숙 간조직을 H&E, Oil red O, Masson trichrome and van Gieson 염색방법을 통해서 비교 연구하였다. 결과 : 상기 실험 연구를 진행한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조직의 일반적인 특징을 관찰할 수 있는 H&E 염색결과, 프리모 노드에서는 많은 수의 조그마한 동(sinus)이 관찰되었고 적혈구나 영양을 공급하는 혈관의 분포는 관찰되지 않았다. 이와 반대로 미성숙 간조직에서는 동이 관찰되지 않았으며 혈관의 분포와 적혈구가 관찰되었다. 2. 양 조직의 지방성분의 유무를 관찰하기 위한 Oil red O 염색결과, 프리모 노드에서는 지방성분이 관찰되지 않았으나 미성숙 간조직에서는 관찰되었다. 3. 양 조직의 콜라겐성분의 유무를 관찰하기 위한 Masson trichrome and van Gieson 염색결과, 프리모 노드에서는 약간의 콜라겐 성분이 관찰되었으나 elastic 성분은 관찰되지 않았으며, 미성숙 간조직에서는 콜라겐 성분과 elastic 성분이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : 상기 결과는 프리모 노드와 간조직과는 조직학적 성질이 다른 것으로 사료되며, 특히 콜라겐 성분의 적은 결과는 프리모 노드가 불규칙한 형태를 이루고 있는 이유에 대한 실마리를 제공하였다. 이러한 결과는 프리모 노드의 특성에 대한 기본 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2008

Objectives : To compare the effects of low-frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) stimulation at left and right GB34s on hepatotoxicity in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Methods : Rats were injected with $CCl_4$ and treated with 2 Hz electro-acupuncture (EA) at left and right GB34s for 15 minutes 3 times per week, for 10 weeks. Holder group, injected with $CCl_4$ and strained in a cylinder for same period as the EA group, was established to compare the hepatotoxicity against the two electroacupuncture groups. To estimate the effects of EA on hepatotoxicity in rats, body weight, liver weight and liver index were measured. Biochemical assays for serum ALT, AST, ALP and total cholesterol ; hematological analysis for RBC, WBC, PLT, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes ; and histology analysis of liver tissue were also performed. Results : Lymphocyte level in blood was significantly decreased by $CCl_4$-intoxication, and increased by low-frequency electroacupuncture applied on both left and right GB34s. Low-frequency EA applied on right and left GB34s significantly reduced serum ALT and AST, both of which had been increased by $CCl_4$-intoxication. Conclusion : Low-frequency electroacupunctures at both left and right GB34s have hepatoprotective effects on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats. However, no significant differences were found between the effects of EAs at left and right GB34s.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the medicinal effects of the herbal combination extracts-2 (HCE-2), consisting of Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. on the alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (n =6), non-treated control group (n =6), saline-treated group (n =6) and the herbal combination extract (HCE-2)-treated group (n =6). The rats in the alcohol-loaded groups were orally administered with ethanol at a daily dose of 4 g/kg-body weight for 5 weeks. Thirty minutes before the ethanol injection, saline or herbal combination extracts was administered by using a gastrogavage. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken out from the hearts and livers of the rats, respectively, on 15th and 38th days. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the protective effect of the herbal combination extracts by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining on histological sections of rat liver. In this study, the oral administration of the herbal combination extracts significantly reduced the serum levels of AST and ALT, which had been raised by alcohol-induced liver injury. Histological analysis and apparent observation of liver also showed the preventive effect of the herbal combination extracts in a chronic alcohol-induced rat model. Theses results revealed that the herbal combination extracts effectively prevented hepatic damage consequent to the chronic exposure to repetitive administration of ethanol and could be used as a primary resource of a health beverage or herbal medicine, alleviating the alcohol-induced hepatic injury and hangover symptoms.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.930-934
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the change of Yangdorak in women who work in three shifts and during the day. In this research, seventy women who work during the day and thirty women who work in three shifts, all of whom are working at Woo shin hyang Oriental Hospital and Kang dong gu Office, were the two subjects for it. We evaluated and compared the Yangdorak appeared in two groups and studied the relations with clinical symptoms between the two. In Yangdorak, the women who work in three shifts were evaluated low numerical value in liver meridian, heart meridian, kidney meridian compared with the women who work during the day. Based on the results above, we can state that the women who work in three shifts suffer from severe dysmenorrhea, insomnia, cold hypersensitivity.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2001

From the study of acupuncture and external diseases on mammary diseases, the following conclusions are obtained. 1. Point Shanzhong, Shaoze and Rugen are often used for galactostasis in acupuncture. 2. Often used vessels for galactostasis in acupuncture are Stomach Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Bladder Meridian, Liver Meridian and Large Intestine Meridian in order. 3. The direct stimulations are used in external treatment for galactostasis, often accompanied by internal medical treatment, to promote the circulation of Qi and Blood. 4. Point Zuimup, Guangming of Gall bladder Meridian and Zusanli of Stomach Meridian is used for lactation pain in acupuncture. 5. Point Jianjing, Zusanli and Shanzhong are most often used for acuremastitis and breast cancer in acupuncture. 6. Often used vessels for acuremastitis and breast cancer in acupuncture are Stomach Meridian, Gall bladder Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Bladder Meridian, Pericardium Meridian in order. 7. The external treatment used for acuremastitis and breast cancer can be classed into its pathological period. When lactation is interrupted, Kumhwang Powder, Okro Powder, Robongbang, Allii Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, garlic moxibustion and Arusaenatus Rgizoma powder are used. When pus is piled up, Chunghwa Extracts, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Leonuri Herba, Typa Latifolia, Taraxacum platycarpum, Phaseolus angularis, Manchong, Crvi Cornus latex, and Aucklandiae Radix are used. When pus flows down, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Extract, nine-one pellet, Yongboo extract, eight-dampness extract, Tissue-regeneration Powder, Toad-net treatment, Kitten-hair, Hongseung pellet are used. 8. Stomach Meridian, Conception Vessel, Small Intestine Meridian, Gall Bladder Meridian, Bladder Meridian are most often used vessels for mammary diseases. From the conclusions above, It appears that the medical effect could be maximized by further studying and developing of the acupuncture and external treatment for mammary diseases according to the its nature, while accompanying internal medicine appropriately at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; normal control (n=8), LPS control (n=8), LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV4 (CV4, n=8), LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at ST36 (ST36, n=8), and LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV12 (CV12, n=8). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by peritoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-10 (IL-10), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) from blood and liver tissue were compared before and 5 hrs after inflammation induction. Results : In CV4 and CV12 groups, plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ levels increased by LPS injection, significantly decreased 5 hrs after injection (p<0.05). For CV12 group, plasma IL-10 concentration significantly increased (p<0.05). Liver IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 levles significantly decreased in CV4 and CV12 groups (P<0.05), while normal and LPS control groups were not significantly different in TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-10 levels. Plasma TBARS concentration was significantly decreased in CV12 group, while there was no significant difference among LPS control and pharmacopuncture groups for liver TBARS concentration. Conclusions : Based on the present findings, Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potentially preventive anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.161-170
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• 2007

Objectives : In this study, we determinated protective effects of Vitis labrusca Root herbal-acupuncture solution (VLHA) against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease induced by oxidative damage and cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction. Methods : Antioxidant capacity of VLHA were evaluated by the ${\beta}-carotene/linoleic$ acid emulsion system and FeCl2-ascorbic acid stimulted lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate, respectively. Scavenging effects of VLHA on ONOO- and NO were measured by DHR 123, DAF-2 assay. Furthermore, we measured inhibitory activity of VLHA on CYP 2E1 in rat liver microsome using by Aniline assay. Results : VLHA exhibited potent inhibition rate(74%) on FeCl2-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation, and revealed a strong scavenging effects on ONOO- and NO. In addition, VLHA showed inhibitory effect on CYP 2E1. Conclusions : The present study concludes that our results suggest that VLHA could be used as a good source in the prevention of atherosclerosis and alcoholic liver injury.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.153-172
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• 2009

Background : The safety of Korean herbal Medicine (KHM: prescribed herbal medicine by doctors of traditional Korean medicine) is an important issue in Korea. Although both fields. western medicine and traditional Korean medicine. have been studied on the safety of herbs and KHM, their results were not concordance with each other. Objectives : This study aims to review the influence of KHM on liver function in Korean literature systematically. Additionally, we tried to estimate the change of data of liver function test (LFT) and the incidence of liver injury (LI) after the use of KHM. Methods : Systematic literature searches were performed on 4 major databases of Korea from their inception to May 2008. Screening and selection of the studies and the extraction of data were performed independently by two authors. There were no restrictions on the types of publication including grey literatures. Results : Forty studies were included. Only sixteen studies were performed prospectively and fifteen studies collected data from outpatients. Only 8 studies reported the occurrence of LI after the use of KHM. Nineteen cases of LI showed no or mild symptoms and the elevation of LFT was not high. All of LI patients used conventional western drug and KHM concomitantly. and causality of LI was not assessed properly. The incidence of LI related to the use of KHM was estimated as 0.59%-0.76% from all data of these studies. The conflicting results were shown on the change of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TB) after the use of KHM. Conclusions : KHM might be a minor cause of LI in Korea. However the results are not strongly supported as enough to make the safety issue clear because of the limitations of original studies. More rigorous studies are required for answering the safety issue of KHM with the cooperative investigation of both fields of Korean traditional medicine and western medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2009

Objectives : Medical qigong, originated from Mawangdui Daoyintu (馬王堆 導引圖), mainly consists of meditation, physical movements, and breathing exercises. It has been widely used to cure a variety of diseases as a regimen in Oriental medicine. This study was aimed to analyze the characteristics of medical qigong movements in the Mawangdui Daoyintu and to observe a link between each medical qigong movement and meridian system. Methods : We extracted fourteen medical qigong movements from forty-four figures in Mawangdui Daoyintu. We compared the 14 medical qigong movements of the Mawangdui Daoyintu with other types' movements of medical qigong methods. We also analyzed each movement of medical qigong in Mawangdui Daoyintu with a perspective of meridian system. Results : We found that there were common features between the medical qigong movements of the Mawangdui Daoyintu and other types' movements of medical qigong methods, including Yukjagyeol (六字訣), Paldangum (八段錦), Yukgengyeng (易筋經) and so on. From the comparison of each movement and meridian qi flow, we also found several movements related with Liver meridian and one movement related with several meridians. Conclusions : Our findings would be beneficial to understand the movements of medical qigong in the Mawangdui Daoyintu from the perspective of meridian system. This would be useful to develop a new medical qigong movements applying the meridian qi system for health and healing.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.145-158
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• 2019

Objectives : This study attempts to identify the concept of Link meridian in previous medical books, and explore how Link meridian theory was used in a clinical practice focusing on YeTianshi. Methods : This study looked at the medical books related to acupuncture and moxibustion in the past and the part where Link meridian is mentioned in the annotations of "Huangdineijing" and "Nanjing", and examined how medical doctors prior to YeTianshi used Link meridian in a clinical practice. And then this study examined treatment cases in the medical records of YeTianshi. Results ＆ conclusions : Yang-Link meridian and Eum-Link meridian were arranged as ascending route by the majority of medical doctors. However, there are doubts because startpoints of them are not "Jeyanghoe" and "Jeeumgyo" respectively described in "Nanjing". Link meridian is thought to be a structure that connects each meridian passing through crossing points with each crossing point itself as a starting point. Thus, Link meridian can be seen as a role in strengthening the connection of crossing meridians and balancing and controlling those meridians centering on each crossing point. The point that YeTianshi's identifying that pathology of Eight extra meridians associates with liver and kidney(肝腎) to be a symptom of weakness, and his development of Link meridian's physiology and pathology through the relationship with other Eight extra meridians are thought to be more advanced than the previous medicine prior to YeTianshi.