• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7527-7532
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• 2014

Saussurea involucrata is a Mongolian medicinal plant well known for its effects in promoting blood circulation, and anti-inflammation and analgesic functions. Earlier studies reported that Saussurea involucrata has anticancer activity. The purpose of this study was to confirm the anticancer activity of an ethanol extract of Saussurea involucrata against hepatic cancer and elucidate its mechanisms of action. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity, AO/EB staining for apoptotic cells, apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell cycle distribution in response to Saussurea involucrata extract (SIE). The mRNA expression of caspase-3,-9 and Cdk2 and protein expression of caspase-3,-9, PARP, XIAP, Cdk2 and p21 were analyzed through real time PCR and Western blotting. Treatment with SIE inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation dose- and time-dependently, but SIE only exerted a modest cytotoxic effect on a viability of Chang human liver cells. Cells exposed to SIE showed typical hallmarks of apoptotic cell death. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SIE caused G1-phase arrest in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, Saussurea involucrata ethanol extract has potential cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Its mechanism of action might be associated with the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell cycle (G1) arrest and apoptosis induction through up-regulation of the protein expressions of caspase-3,-9 a nd p21, degradation of PARP and down-regulation of the protein expression of Cdk2 and XIAP.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

Ginseng has been reported to reduce the risk of cancer in diverse organs, including the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, lung, liver, pancreas, ovary, colon, rectum, and stomach, as demonstrated in clinical and epidemiological studies. studies, base on which findings, Panax ginseng has been classified as a "non-organ-specific cancer preventive." However, the recent keen interest in traditional medicinal herbs has been frequently questioned, about exact mode of action and the use of panaceic compounds has been a prime issue discussed in terms of complementary and alternative medicine. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the mitigating effects of Korean red ginseng on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated atrophic changes and carcinogenesis; However, evidence-based medicine, consisting of large-scale or well designed clinical studies, is still warranted whether Korean red ginseng is to be recognized as an essential therapeutic strategy regarding a "H. pylori-associated gastric cancer preventive." Specifically, comprehensive clinical trials of Korean red ginseng are needed to demonstrate that mucosal regeneration in patients with atrophic gastritis is feasible using Korean red ginseng supplements after the eradication of H. pylori infection. Ginseng is a good example of a natural herb and its ubiquitous properties may include the reduction or delay of inflammation carcinogenesis. Korean red ginseng contains ample amounts of active ginsenosides and we have demonstrated their effects in in vitro and in vivo studies with positive outcomes. In this review, the quantitative and qualitative benefits of Korean red ginseng in the treatment of H. pylori infection are described.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1994

Amiodarone is a potent antiarrythmic agent used in the treatment of refractory tachyarrythmias and premature ventricular contractions. Amiodarone may be responsible for the frequent and various side effects including corneal deposits, abnormal liver function test, hyperthyriodism or hypothyroidism, bluish discoloration of the skin, neuropathies, and the others. However, pulmonary toxicity is most serious adverse reaction limiting the clinical efficacy. Rescently, we experienced a case of pulmonary toxicity induced by low dose 10-month amiodarone treatment for atrial fibrilation with rapid ventricular response. Lung biopsy reveals interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, hyperplasia of pneumocytes, and foamy macrophages. Respiratory symptoms and abnormal chest X-ray findings were nearly complete cleared after using steroid and withdrawal of amiodarone. We report a case of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity with literature review.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.628-636
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• 2020

Streptococcosis in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus can be caused by Streptococcus parauberis. We compared three routes of administration for experimental injections of the S. parauberis 19FBSPa0003 strain in the olive flounder. Pathological changes were observed during the experimental infection. Inflammation of the serous membrane in the liver, intestine, spleen and heart was the major pathological change found in the infected olive flounder. No mortality was observed in fish that received intraperitoneal (IP) injection at less than 1×10⁴ colony-forming unit (CFU)/fish. The lethal dose 50 for olive flounder, given an intravenous (IV) injection, was 7.94×10⁴ CFU/fish. Fish with a higher concentration of IV injected S. parauberis (1×10⁸ CFU/fish) died within a maximum of two days. However, serious necrosis and bacterial proliferation in ellipsoidal cells of the spleen and heart tissues were found in moribund or dead fish, 1-2 days after IV injection. Similar histopathological signs were observed in olive flounder inoculated by subcutaneous (SC) infected and naturally infected. In addition, SC was also strongly associated with bacteria concentration and cumulative mortality rate. Based on these results, SC is the recommended method for artificial infection by S. parauberis in the olive flounder.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.121-134
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• 2008

Objectives: Melia toosendan(MT) has been used as a traditional Korean herbal medicine, and today it is used as a medication for colic, side aches, heartache and other disorders of liver. The aim of this study was to determine whether fractionated extracts of MT inhibit free radical generation such as DPPH radical, superoxide radical and nitric oxide, production of nitrite, an index of NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2 and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: MT extract prepared with methanol, and then fractionated with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water. Inhibitory effect of MT onto free radical generation was determined by measuring DPPH, superoxide anions and nitric oxide scavenging activities in vitro. Cytotoxic activity of extracts on RAW 264.7 cells was measured using 5-(3-caroboxymeth-oxyphenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt(MTS) assay. Intracelluar oxidation was analysed by DCF-DA assay. The nitric oxide(NO) production was measured by Griess reagent system. The levels of iNOS and COX-2 expression were confirmed by western blot. And pro inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. Results: Our results indicated that fractionated extracts, especially dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts, significantly inhibited free radical generation, the LPS-induced $H_2O_2$, NO, $PGE_2$ production and iNOS, COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 formation in macrophages. Conclusions: These results indicate that dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of MT have potential as an agent of chronic inflammatory diseases.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.353-365
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• 2016

Objectives : We analysed Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibility principle and investigated biological activities by categorizing with molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level based on Korean study for this formula. Methods : Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibiltity principle was examined by the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy. We looked into studies that presented in Korea from 1956 to 2016 about Gyejibongnyeong-hwan through Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean medicine information system (OASIS). Then classify into molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level to analyse. Results : According to the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, chief herb is Cinnamomi Ramulus, deputy herb is Persicae Semen, assistant herb is Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Poria, and envoy herb is Mel. Biological activities can be detected in transcription factors, enzymes, and inflammatory mediators for molecular level. For cellular level, it can be determined in human uterine endometrial cancer cell, human hepatocarcinoma cell, and human platelets. In mouse and rats for animal level, in overian cystoma, menorrhalgia, quality of life improvement in postmenopausal women, and blood stasis with motor vehicle accident for human level, biological activities was caught. Conclusions : From above results, Gyejibongnyeong-hwan is composed in line with the system of chief, deputy, assistan, and envoy. Biological activities are effective to improvement of menorrhalgia, anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, improvement of atherosclerosis, analgesic, anti-convulsion, wound healing, and improvement of liver function.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of acalculous cholecystitis after multiple trauma with fractures and to analyze the characteristics of cholecystitis. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of multiple trauma patients with fractures between April 2010 and April 2012. Sixty- nine patients were identified, and the average age was 46.8(range: 15-74) years. Data were collected regarding associated injury, injury severity score (ISS), the diagnosis time after trauma, diagnostic tool, and management Results: There were three cases(4.3%) of cholecystitis among the 69 cases, and cholecystitis was diagnosed an average of 20.7(range: 8-33) days after injury. Two patients complained of abdominal pain at diagnosis, but the other patient who had undergone surgery for small bowel perforation at the time of the injury had no abdominal pain. All three patients had abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) at diagnosis. The cholecystitis was confirmed with ultrasonography or computed tomography, and all cases were acalculous cholecystitis. At first, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage was performed; then, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was tried an average of 12(range: 11-13) days later. An laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully done in only one case, the other cases being converted to an open cholecystectomy due to severe inflammation. Conclusion: The incidence of acaculous cholecystitis was 4.3% after multiple trauma with fractures. We should consider cholecystitis in patients with abdominal pain, fever and elevated LFTs after multiple trauma.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.607-611
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• 2008

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the synthesis of several inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, NO and inflammation in the liver of rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Oriental herbs mixture extract (HCTM) against the hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the lipid metabolism. HCTM of 100 mg/kg concentration was intra-peritoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5 ml/kg of LPS was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. The levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), total lipid, triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured in serum. LPS-treatment markedly increased the levels of GOT, GPT, total lipid and TG, and decreased the level of HDL-C. However, HCTM pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT, GPT, total lipid and TG by 76.8%, 55.48%, 34.04% and 76.21% respectively, and increased the level of HDL-C by 97.84%. These results showed that HCTM had the protective effect against the hepatotoxicity-inducing LPS in the lipid metabolism, and it suggest that HCTM could be used for functional beverage.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2007

The aerial part of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura has traditionally been used for inflammation, infectious disease, cancer, pyretic, diuretic, liver protective effect, and choleretic purposes in Korea. We investigated that the essential oil induces apoptosis in KB cell as evidenced by Hoechst-33258 dye staining, flow cytometry (cell cycles), and DNA fragmentation for nuclear condensation and Western blotting for activation of caspases-3, -8, -9, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In the present study, we found that the essential oil could induce apoptosis in KB cells, as characterized by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and PARP cleavage. The efficacious induction of apoptosis was observed as a dose-dependent. The essential oil-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. The essential oil also caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. These findings indicate that mitochondrial pathways might be involved in the essential oil-induced apoptosis and enhance our understanding of the anticancer function of the essential oil in herbal medicine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis of slaughtered and farmed cattle in Gwangju area from February to November in 2007. A total of 1,000 cattle fecal samples were collected from slaughter houses (n=805) and farms (n=185). Twelve (1.2%) were found as positive cases with excretion of the egg of Fasciola spp in the fecal specimens, and 128 (12.8%) were positive in intestinal parasitism using the flotation and sedimentation procedures. The infection rate of fluke larvae from the slaughtered cattle at abattoirs in Gwangju was 0.75% (6 out of 805 heads). In histopathology, there were several liver lesions such as inflammation with infiltration of eosinophil, polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells, proliferation of connective tissue, calcification and abscess formation.