• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-53
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• 2016

Laparoscopic gastrectomy for cancer has some significant postoperative benefits over open surgery with similar oncologic outcomes. This procedure is more popular in the Far East countries where obesity is not a serious public health problem. In the Western countries, laparoscopic gastrectomy for cancer is not a common procedure, yet obesity is more common. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in a morbidly obese patient. Additionally, we used natural orifice specimen extraction as an option to decrease wound-related complications, which are more prevalent in morbidly obese patients. In this case, we performed a fully laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection and Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy with the specimen extracted through the vagina. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report of a natural orifice surgery in a morbidly obese patient with gastric cancer.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.177-188
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba on cultured rat hepatic stellate cells. Materials and Methods : Hepatic stellate cells(HSC-T6) were treated with various concentrations of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba extract for 24 hours. The extraction was done either with distilled water or 50% EtOH. After the treatment, cell viability, proliferation, procollagen levels and the mRNA of the collagen type 1a2 and ASMA were measured by using MTT assay, BrdU assay, RT-PCR, and Procollagen Type I C-peptide EIA Kit. Results : The viability and proliferation of the hepatic stellate cells were decreased as the concentration increased. The mRNA expression decreased consistently with the volume of the secreted procollagen with the extraction made with distilled water, which indicates the herb has inhibitory effect on fibrogenesis of the liver by regulating one of the fibrosis associated genes in transcription. However, it increased in 50% EtOH extraction, which shows that a more stable reaction is expected of the extraction made with distilled water than the extraction made with 50% EtOH. The production of procollagen was decreased by a low-concentration treatment with Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, but increased by a high concentration. It seemed that the cells were responding to Artemisiae Capillaris Herba in low- concentrations, thus producing small amounts of collagen. When the drug was administered at high enough concentration to give direct toxicity to cells, the ability of cells to produce collagen was activated, and the overproduction of collagen was observed as an undesirable results. Conclusion : These results suggest that Artemisiae Capillaris Herba is beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as for the patients with chronic hepatitis when extracted with water in the proper concentrations.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2007

Objective : This study purposed to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of Lithospermi Radix (root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon S.) on liver cells isolated from oxidatvely stressed rat by AAPH. Method : We investigate effects of Lithospermi Radix(LR) and its fractions on normal liver cells' proliferation. And the amounts of SOD, GSH, catalase, NO, MDA production by liver cells isolated from the oxidatively stressed rat by AAPH also were measured after incubation with various fractions of LR extraction. Results : LR and its fracitons showed no toxicity on the normal liver cells from rat. LR and its fracitons increased the activity of SOD and reduced the amounts of NO and MDA in the liver cells from the oxidatively stressed rat. Conclusion : Lithospermi Radix could be supposed to have antioxidant effect on liver cells with no toxicity.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.209-213
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• 2023

In recent years, the image processing mechanisms are used widely in several medical areas for improving earlier detection and treatment stages, in which the time factor is very important to discover the disease in the patient as possible as fast, especially in various cancer tumors such as the liver cancer. Liver cancer has been attracting the attention of medical and sciatic communities in the latest years because of its high prevalence allied with the difficult treatment. Statistics indicate that liver cancer, throughout world, is the one that attacks the greatest number of people. Over the time, study of MR images related to cancer detection in the liver or abdominal area has been difficult. Early detection of liver cancer is very important for successful treatment. There are few methods available to detect cancerous cells. In this paper, an automatic approach that integrates the intensity-based segmentation and k-means clustering approach for detection of cancer region in MRI scan images of liver.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2020

This paper presents a fully automatic tool to recognize the liver region from CT images based on a deep learning model, namely Multiple Filter U-net, MFUnet. The advantages of both U-net and Multiple Filters were utilized to construct an autoencoder model, called MFUnet for segmenting the liver region from computed tomograph. The MFUnet architecture includes the autoencoding model which is used for regenerating the liver region, the backbone model for extracting features which is trained on ImageNet, and the predicting model used for liver segmentation. The LiTS dataset and Chaos dataset were used for the evaluation of our research. This result shows that the integration of Multiple Filter to U-net improves the performance of liver segmentation and it opens up many research directions in medical imaging processing field.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.933-947
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop an effective heparin extraction method by using low-cost and highly effective enzymes from six pig by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine), and analyze their bioavailability. Low-cost and highly effective enzymes (alkaline-AK and papain) and a common enzyme (trypsin) were used for the heparin extraction. The angiotensin I- converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and the antimicrobial activity of extracted heparin were analyzed to verify their bioavailability. The average amount of heparin extracted per kilogram of pig by-products was 439 mg from the liver, 127 mg from the lung, 398 mg from the heart, 261 mg from the stomach, 197 mg from the small intestine, and 239 mg from the large intestine. Various enzymes were used to extract heparin, and the amount of extracted heparin was similar. Based on 1 g of pig by-product, the enzymes trypsin, papain, and alkaline-AK could extract 1,718 mg, 1,697 mg, and 1,905 mg of heparin, respectively. Heparin extracted from pig by-products showed antihypertensive activity and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at low populations. These results indicated that heparin can be obtained from pig by-products at a low cost.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.617-622
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• 2011

A simple method has been successfully applied to extract squalene and its byproducts alkoxyglycerol from deep-sea shark liver oil. GC-MS was used to determine the extraction amount of the squalene and alkoxyglycerol, and the content of them in rough product and refined product were compared. The physical property of squalene was identified by measuring the pH value, peroxide value and iodine value. Under optimum extraction conditions, the amount of squalene and alkoxyglycerol increased 35.0% and 21.9%, respectively, while the amount of fatty acid decreased from 61% to 4%, especially, the amount of palmitic acid and oleic acid remarkably decreased. Large amount of peroxide and acid were removed from shark liver oil after refining process. Because squalene contains lots of double bond, so the value of iodine is much higher than squalane.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.299-310
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on rat hepatic stellate cells. Materials and Methods : Hepatic stellate cells(HSC-T6) were treated with various concentrations of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract for 24 hours. It was extracted either with distilled water or 50% EtOH. After the treatment, cell viability, proliferation, procollagen levels and the mRNA of the collagen type 1a2 and ASMA were measured Results : The viability and proliferation of the hepatic stellate cells were decreased as concentration increased. The mRNA expression decreased consistently with the volume of the secreted procollagen with the extraction made with distilled water. This indicates the herb has inhibitory effect on fibrogenesis of the liver by regulating one of the fibrosis associated genes in transcription. However it increased in 50% EtOH extraction, which shows that a more stable reaction is expected of the extraction made with distilled water than the extraction made with 50% EtOH. The production of procollagen was decreased by a low-concentration treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza, but increased by a high concentration. It seemed that the cells were responding to Salvia miltiorrhiza in low- concentration, thus producing smaller amounts of collagen. When the drug was administered in high enough concentration to give direct toxicity to cells, an overproduction of collagen was observed. Conclusion : These results suggest that Salvia miltiorrhiza is a possible candidate for the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as for patients with chronic hepatitis when extracted with water in the proper concentrations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.485-494
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• 2013

An efficient extraction method was developed for the analysis of 16 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in fish samples. We compared the recoveries from the Ion-Pairing Extraction (IPE), Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE), IPE + SPE method with varying the injection time of the internal standard. As a result, IPE method with the internal standard before extraction was evaluated as the most effective pretreatment method. The RPM (Revolution Per Munite) and pH in IPE-before method were additionally adjusted and the more efficient pretreatment method was established. The total 33 fish samples including liver and gut samples were collected from Korean markets and analyzed PFCs with developed pretreatment method of this study. Total 16 PFC levels in fish samples ranged from ND to 1.67 ng/g with 100% detection frequency. The average PFCs concentrations of muscle, liver and gut samples from fish were compared and showed the following trend: liver (17.8 ng/g) > gut (13.3 ng/g) > muscle (1.67 ng/g). The PFC levels in fish samples were similar or lower than other available previous results of foreign studies.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2003

The chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of green tea extracts in medilite-extraction water were compared to that of distilled water(DW). Antioxidant activity was fetermined by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat liver homogenates and microsomes and the scavenging activity of free radicals by DPPH ($\alpha$, $\alpha$'-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl). The order of total polyphenolic compounds and extracted yield by extracts was medilite 325 mesh-extraction water, medilite 600 mesh-extraction water and distilled water(DW). The ranges of scavenging activity of green tea extracts in DPPH method were 60.95% - 64.51%. The inhibition ratios of TBARS formation in the rat liver homogenates and microsomal fractions were significantly lower with green tea extracts by DW-extraction than with both medilite 325 mesh and 600 mesh-extraction water. The concentration of iron ion of water containing medilite 325 mesh and green tea extracts and of water containing medilite 600 mesh and green tea extracts were significantly higher compared to DW. Therefore, this result suggested that enhanced concentration of iron ion in green tea extracts by medilite-extraction water containing high iron ion content was associated with enhanced peroxidation of the rat liver microsomal fractions. These results showed that total polyphenolic compounds, the % of yield and mineral compounds of green tea extracts were increased using medilite 325 mesh and 600 mesh-extraction water.