• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) powder (SWP) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats(160$\pm$10g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets(SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups) added 200 and 400 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a consistent decreases (4.0% and 7.2%, 5.0% and 14.1%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SWP-200 SWP-400 groups compared with control group, and O2 radical level was significantly decreased about 12% in liver cytosol of SWP-400 group compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreased (14.4% and 9.1%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SWP-400 group only compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 12.7% and 16.3% in liver microsomes only of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but significant difference between liver mitochondria could not obtained. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably increased (15.8% and 25.2%, respectively) in mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but significant difference between Cu, Zn-SOD activities in these group could be not obtained. GSHPx activity was significantly increased in liver cytosol of SWP-400 group compared with control group. These results suggest that silkworm powder may play an effective role in a attenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in liver membranes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 2005

Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-estrogenic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. It showed a degree of hepatic carcinogenesis, when it used for long term as it can decrease the hexose monophosphate shunt and thereby increasing the incidence of oxidative stress in liver rat cells leading to liver injury. In this study, a model of liver injury in female rats was done by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen in a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight for 7 successive days. This model produced a state of oxidative stress accompanied with liver injury as noticed by significant declines in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant elevations in TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and liver transaminases; sGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and sGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) levels. The oral administration of dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate (DDB) in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 successive days, resulted in alleviation of the oxidative stress status of tamoxifen-intoxicated liver injury in rats as observed by significant increments in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant decrements in TBARS and liver transaminases; sGPT and sGOT levels. The administration of DDB before tamoxifen intoxication (as protection) is more little effective than its curative effect against tamoxifen-induced liver injury. The data obtained from this study speculated that DDB can mediate its biochemical effects through the enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione level as well as decreasing lipid peroxides.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.312-318
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• 1998

The object of this study was to investigate the effects of the feeding mixed with powders and extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum (4 or 22 years) on the lipid metabolism of liver in rats. After cholesterol-feorats of Sprague-Dawley strain were fed 5% level of frozen powder, fiber, saponin and ethanol extract for 3 weeks, the activity of enzymes related to liver function, liver tissue and lipid components of liver were examined. The activity of enzymes was significantly lower in the P. grandiflorum powder diet group than in control. The concentration of total cholesterol in liver was rather lower in powder and fiber diet group of each P. grandiflorum than in the other experimental groups, and triglyceride concentration was rather lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, while phospholipid was not significant. On observing through electromicroscope of liver tissue, there was showed to increase fat droplet in control group, but decrease fat droplet in all experimental groups, and glycogen was found to accumulate in rats fed twenty-two years P. grandiflorum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1290-1295
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of the increased dietary vitamin A supplementation on the vitamin A, vitamin E and ascorbic acid concentrations in the plasma and liver and activities of some enzymes in the liver of the growing chicken. One hundred and twenty female chickens at 4 weeks of age were divided in 6 equal groups in accordance with their body weight. They were housed in cages and fed on standard wheat-barley-based broiler diet balanced in the major nutrients. Vitamin A was supplemented in the form of retinyl acetate. Control diet was supplemented with 10 IU/g and experimental feeds were supplemented with 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 IU/g. At days 42 and 56 of the development 8 chickens from each group were killed, plasma and liver were collected for vitamin and enzyme analyses. The increased vitamin A supplementation was associated with its increased accumulation in the liver and with a reduction of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ concentrations in the plasma and liver. The blood plasma was more resistant to vitamin A concentration changes and the retinol level was elevated only when the vitamin A dose exceeded 100 IU/g feed. Ascorbic acid concentration in the liver was elevated when moderately high vitamin A supplementation was used but significantly decreased at the highest vitamin A dose. Similar changes were observed with glycogen concentration in the liver. Activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the chicken liver were also dependent on vitamin A supplementation, decreasing with highest vitamin A doses. Therefore the observations showed that the vitamin A excess compromises antioxidant system of the growing chickens suggesting that prooxidant activity may be responsible for at least part of the toxicity of vitamin A.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to identify whether herbal medicine improves the clinical symptoms and abnormal blood tests of a patient with fatty liver accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: A 44-year-old man with fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia was prescribed Saenggangunbi-tang from July 20, 2020, to November 11, 2020, to reduce fatigue and to improve laboratory findings, such as liver enzymes and the lipid profile. We observed changes in symptoms, serum levels of liver enzymes, and the lipid profile during about 4-month treatment. We also recorded changes in the bioelectrical impedance analyzer findings during that time. Results: In this case study, an approximately 4-month treatment with Saenggangunbi-tang led to considerable improvement in laboratory findings and visceral fat area. In particular, the patient experienced a noticeable decrease in triglyceride levels compared with the baseline parameters of the first visit. In addition, no side effects-including weight gain and liver enzyme increases-were observed during treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that appropriately prescribed herbal medicine is a therapeutic option to manage fatty liver combined with hypertriglyceridemia.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2002

N-nitrosoethylurea (NEU) -induced changes of lipid peroxide content, aldehyde metabolic enzyme activities and antioxidant enzyme activities were examined in cultured rat liver cell. Aldehyde metabolic enzymes tested in this investigation were alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Several antioxidant enzymes tested were glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase. When the cell was exposed with various concentrations of NEU, lipid peroxide content increased about 2.5 fold with 6.25 mM NEU. Maximun 2.3 times higher alcohol dehydrogenase activity was found after NEU treatment. About 2 times higher aldehyde dehydrogenase activity could also be observed. Only slight increases of glutathione transferase and catalase activities occurred with NEU treatment. In addition mnximun 1.5 times higher superoxide dismutase activities and 3 times higher glutathione reductase activities were found after NEU treatment. Therefore, it is likely that the increases of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase could contribute in a antioxidative process against NEU toxicity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

This study was performed to examine the feeding effects of $Angelica$ $keiskei$ $Koidz$ (AK) and its processed products on serum, liver, and body fat content and the expression of antioxidant genes in rats fed a high fat diet. AK and its processed products were added at 3-5% to a high fat diet and fed to adult rats for 6 weeks. In experiment 1 (EXP 1), the rats were fed with one of six diets including a control diet (normal fat), high fat diet (HF), and HF + AK additives groups (four groups). In experiment 2 (EXP 2), the rats were separated into three groups of HF, HF + AK whole leaves, and HF + fermented juice (FS) + squeeze (SA). Body weight was not different among the groups in either experiment. The liver weight was lower in the FS and SA groups compared to that in the other groups (P<0.05). Serum luteolin was higher in the AK and processed products groups compared to that in the HF group (P<0.05). Gene expression of the antioxidative enzymes catalase and glutathione-s-reductase in the liver was higher in the AK processed products group than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The results suggest that the intake of AK and its processed products increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes in animals fed a high fat diet, reduced hepatic cholesterol content, and increased the effective absorption of luteolin.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1 s.34
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• pp.47-54
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• 1984

Effect of ascorbic acid on various hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), the microsomal . ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS), and catalase was quantitatively evaluated in liver microsomal and cytosolic preparation from Sprague-Dowley rats. In present study, ADH activities were no changed significantly by ascorbic acid. The MEOS activity, dependent on NADPH and $O_2$, was affected by azide (inhibitor of catalase) or exogenous catalase. In the presence of ascorbic acid, ethanol oxidation by rat liver microsomal preparation reacted with NADPH-generating system was increased by up to 22.5%, but decreased when liver microsome was reacted with $H_2O_2$ generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Increase in the activity of the MEOS in the presence of ascorbic acid was greater in liver microsomal preparation pretreated with azide. Also ascorbic acid oxidized ethanol nonenzymatically. This ethanol oxidation induced by ascorbic acid was inhibited by OH radical scavengers (thiourea, sodium benzoate), but was not much affected by superoxide dismutase. From these results it was suggested that ascorbic acidcould interact directly with the MEOS, then promote the oxidation of ethanol. And, to some extent, ${\cdot}OH$-radicals or other radicals generated during the spontaneous autooxidation of ascorbic acid may be responsible for the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2006

Purpose: With remarkable increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increased, The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the increase liver enzymes, lipid levels and fasting blood glucose level in normal and obese children. Methods: A total of 2206 elementary students were grouped according to obesity index; normal group and obesity group(mild, moderate, severe). Aspartate aminotransferase(AST, SGOT) and alanine aminotrausferase(ALT, SGPT) were measured with tota1 cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose. Results: Compared with the 2.7% of ALT > 50 IU/L in normal group, obese groups showed significantly higher prevalence; 6.7% in mild obesity group, 11.8% in moderate group and 15.0% in severe group. The prevalence of hypertriglyceremia was 12,4% in normal weight group, which is significantly lower than obesity group(mild obesity group 24.8%, moderate and severe 32.1% each). Conclusion: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver increased along with severity of obesity. Of Nutritional assessment, intervention, and preferably prevention are necessary for health promotion elementary students.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1999

We have investigated the effect of cholestasis on the closely related acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase, benzoyltransferase, and phenylacetyltransferase activities in rat liver. Benzoyltransferase and phenylacetyltransferase activities in the liver cytosol, mitochondria, and microsome were investigated for a period of 42 d after common bile duct ligation. Both the mitochondrial and microsomal benzoyltransferases showed significant increase in their activities between the 1st and 7th day after common bile duct ligation, although the cytosolic benzoyltransferase activity did not show a significant change compared to the activities from the sham-operated control. The cytosolic phenylacetyltransferase activity showed a significant increase between the 1st and 2nd day, the mitochondrial activity showed a significant increase between the 2nd and 7th day, and microsomal activity showed a significant increase between the 1st and 7th day, respectively. Enzyme kinetic parameters of hepatic benzoyltransferase were analyzed using benzoyl coenzyme A as a substrate with the preparations from the 1st day post-ligation. Enzyme parameters of hepatic phenylacetyltransferase were also analyzed using phenylacetyl coenzyme A as a substrate with the preparations from the 2nd day post-ligation. The results indicated that although the $K_m$ values of these enzymes were about the same as the sham-operated control, the $V_{max}$ values of both enzymes increased significantly. These results, therefore, suggest that the biosynthesis of benzoyltransferase and phenylacetyltransferase has been induced in response to cholestasis.