• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2002

Nitrate removal rate in three cattail wetland cells was investigated. They were a part of a pond-wetland system for stream water treatment demonstration. The system was composed of two ponds and six wetland cells. The acreage of each cell was approximately $150m^2$. The earth works for the system were finished from April 2000 to May 2000 and cattails were planted in the three cells in June 2000. Waters of Sinyang Stream flowing into Kohung Estuarine Lake were pumped into a primary pond, whose effluent was discharged into a secondary pond. The reservoir was formed by a tidal marsh reclamation project and located in southern coastal area of Korean Peninsula. Effluents from the secondary pond were funneled into the three cells. Volumes and water quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed from July 2000 through January 2001. Inflow and outflow averaged $20.2m^3/day$ and $19.8m^3/day$, respectively. Hydraulic retention time was about 1.6 days. Average influent and effluent nitrate concentration was $1.98mg/{\ell}$, $1.38mg/{\ell}$, respectively. Nitrate removal rate averaged $82.6mg\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$. Seasonal changes of nitrate retention rates were closely related to those of wetland cell temperatures. The average nitrate removal rate in the cells was a little lower, compared with that of $125.0mg\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ for the wetlands operating in North America. This could be attributed to the initial stage of the cells and inclusion of three cold months into the seven-month study period. Root rhizosphere in wetland soils and litter-soil layers on cell bottoms could not developed. Increase of standing density of cattails within a few years will establish both root zones suitable for the nitrification of ammonia to nitrates and substrates beneficial to the denitrification of nitrates into nitrogen gases, which may lead to increase of the nitrate retention rate.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2018

Objective: Concerns about the safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) have been raised, as some studies have shown elevated incidence rates of childhood cancer, asthma, allergies, and other diseases in ART-conceived babies. Findings regarding the health of ART-conceived babies are controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in in vitro fertilization (IVF)-conceived mice in comparison to naturally conceived offspring. Methods: Mice (6-8 weeks) were divided into two groups (IVF-conceived and naturally conceived) matched by sex, age, weight, and litter size. A 1-mL blood sample was taken and the sera were separated. The oxidant-antioxidant balance was evaluated using a fast and reliable PAB assay. The results were expressed as $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation. Results: The mean PAB values (HK units) in the IVF-conceived and naturally conceived groups were $59.70{\pm}22.30$ and $54.70{\pm}18.22$, respectively (p= 0.82). Conclusion: Since free radicals contribute to several pathological conditions and antioxidants play an important protective role against oxidative stress, evaluating the oxidant-antioxidant balance is very important. Although the results of this study showed that the quality of the defense mechanism against free radicals was not significantly different between the IVF-conceived and naturally conceived mice, other parameters of metabolic dysfunction need to be measured.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.619-624
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• 2000

Low-quality roughages [banana wastes (B), wheat straw (WS) and dried broiler litter (BL)] were ensiled using either sweet whey (W) or diluted molasses (M) as rehydration media to study their effects on milk yield, milk composition and some parameters of blood plasma. The feeding trial involved 25 lactating buffaloes in five groups (five animals each). Buffaloes as control animals received diets of concentrate feed mixture, rice straw and wastelages (70:30:00). In the other 4 treatments, the wastelages replaced 50% of rice straw in the control diets. The wastelages were BL:B:M(3:2:10) (T1), BL:WS:M (3:2:10) (T2), BL:B:W (3:2:10) (T3) and BL:WS:W (3:2:10) (T4) on a fresh matter basis, during the 1st 17 weeks of lactation period. Results indicated that feeding lactating buffaloes on wastelages resulted in slightly higher (p>0.05) milk yield, 4% fat-corrected-milk yield and feed efficiency, and slightly lowered (p>0.05) contents of milk total solids, fat and protein. Wastelages, especially BL-B-M, increased (p<0.05) milk non-protein-nitrogen and ash contents and plasma urea, GOT and GPT. The results demonstrate that banana plant wastes with some additives in silage form may be good untraditional roughage for lactating buffaloes without any adverse effect on milk production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.482-486
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• 2007

Basic objective of this research was to compare the milk yield and composition of New Zealand White transgenic rabbit females expressing recombinant human factor VIII (hFVIII) in mammary gland during lactation with that of non-transgenic rabbit females of the same age during 30 days of lactation. Transgenic founders were generated by the microinjection of foreign DNA (mWAP-hFVIII gene construct) into the egg. F1, F2 and F3 generations of transgenic rabbits were obtained after mating of transgenic founder rabbits with non-transgenic rabbits. The amount of milk rejected was measured by weight-suckle-weight method at $10^{th}$, $20^{th}$and $30^{th}$ day of lactation. Quality of milk (content of fat, protein, lactose, dry ash, and some minerals) from transgenic and non-transgenic rabbit was also determined. Comparison of milk yield, determined by weight-suckle-weight method, showed significantly higher (p<0.05) milk production at day 20 of first lactation in non-transgenic females, but on the same day of second lactation higher milk yield was measured in transgenic ones. Significantly higher (p<0.05) content of milk fat and protein was determined in transgenic milk whilst higher content of lactose was found in non-transgenic milk. The content of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium) did not differ in both experimental and control groups. Our results showed that milk yield and composition of transgenic rabbit females (mammary specific transgenic over-expression of hFVIII) over several generations is only slightly and transiently different from milk yield of non-transgenic females, which had no significant consequence on the litter size and viability.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.657-665
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate whether supplementation of pentoxifylline (PTX; phosphodiesterase inhibitor) to thawed boar semen improves the post-thaw motility of sperm and affects the efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) and further development. To determine the concentration of PTX for AI, frozen-thawed semen was incubated with 0, 5, 10, and 20 mM PTX in an extender freezing medium, respectively, after thawing. Kinematic properties of sperm were examined with a computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system. In addition, viability and mitochondrial activity were also tested by LIVE/DEAD and a MitoTracker kit. There were no significant differences in the kinetic parameters of thawed sperm between control and treatment groups, but overall assessment parameters such as motility and rapid progressive were higher in the 10 mM PTX group. In the viability and mitochondrial assay, there were no significant differences observed in the PTX treatment, compared to the control. For further analysis, artificial inseminations were performed using frozen semen and 10 mM PTX treated cryopreserved semen, respectively. There were no differences in pregnancy rates and fetus weights among the groups until 30 and 40 days, but litter size was reduced and relatively low-birth weight was observed in the PTX group. In summary, our findings suggest that enhancement of in vitro sperm quality or non-toxicity supplemented by PTX may have detrimental effects on fetus development.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.251-254
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• 2003

Phosphorous removal rate and emergent plant growth were examined of a surface-flow constructed treatment wetland system, whose dimensions were 31 meter in length and 12 meter in width. The system was established on floodplain in the down reach of the Kwangju Stream in Korea in one and half months from May to June 2001. Cattails(Typha angustiflora) were transplanted in the system. They were dug out of natural wetlands and stems were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Water of the Kwangju Stream were funneled into it via a pipe by gravity flow and its effluent were discharged back into it. The stems of cattails grew from 45.2 cm in July 2001 up to 186 cm in September 2001 and the number of cattail stems per square meter increased from 22 in July 2001 to 53 in September 2001. The early establishment of cattails was good. Volume and water quality of inflow and outflow were analyzed from July 2001 through December 2001. Inflow averaged $40\;m^3/day$ and hydraulic retention time was about 1.5 days. The concentration of total phosphorous in influent and effluent was 0.85 mg/L, 0.41 mg/L, respectively. The average removal rate of total phosphorous in the system was about 52%. The retention efficiency was slightly lower, compared with that in surface-flow wetlands operating in North America, whose retention efficiency was reported to be about 57%. The lower abatement rate could result from the initial stage of the system and inclusion of two cold months into the six-month monitoring period. Root rhizosphere in wetland soils and litter-soil layers on bottoms were not properly developed. Increase of standing density of cattails within a few years will establish both root zones and substrates beneficial to the removal of phosphorous, which may lead to increase of the phosphorous retention rate. The system was submerged one time by heavy storm during the monitoring period. The inundation, however, scarcely disturb its environment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.703-708
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• 2021

To improve the environmental management and resources, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure on its characteristics and microbial composition during the storage period. Additives were deposited on top of the manure surface at the rate of 0, 0.5, and 1% of oyster shell powder per 200 g of Hanwoo manure in a plastic container with three replicates; however, untreated manure litter served as the control. Manure characteristics (dry matter, organic matter and crude ash) and microbial composition (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli) were evaluated at day 0, 2, 4, and 8. Manure characteristics exhibited an effect on dry matter, organic matter, and crude ash at day 2 and 8 (p<0.05), and not for day 0 and 4 (p>0.05). With the exception of yeast content at day 4 of storage, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, and E.coli exhibited no significant differences in all conditions during the storage period. Conclusively, addition of 1% oyster shell powder to Hanwoo manure resulted in slightly better manure characteristics; however, its microbial composition remained unchanged.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2020

발바닥 피부염은 발바닥 표면에 생기는 상처로 세계 가금산업에서 더욱 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 발바닥 피부염은 닭의 복지뿐만 아니라, 닭발의 품질과 생산성에도 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 아시아 먹거리 시장에서 닭발에 대한 소비자 수요가 증가함에 따라 발바닥 피부염을 줄이기 위한 방법을 찾는 양계업체의 관심이 증가하고 있다. 발바닥 피부염은 깔짚 수분함량에 직접적인 영향을 받아 생기는 것으로 영양, 급수기 형태 및 관리, 환경 상태(온도, 상대습도, 암모니아 수준, 환기량 등), 계군의 건강 등 다양한 요인들이 복합적으로 연관되어 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 발바닥 피부염의 특징, 생성 원인, 발바닥 피부염 평가시스템, 최근 연구 등 발바닥 피부염에 대한 전반적인 사항을 다루고, 이를 통해 발바닥 피부염에 대한 이해와 향후 연구 수립에 도움을 주는 기초 자료로써 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.643-658
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• 2020

국내외적으로 축산분야의 동물복지가 이슈화 되면서 유럽연합(EU)을 포함한 축산 선진국들은 동물복지와 관련된 법률과 규제를 강화하고 있으며 이와 관련된 연구가 수행되고 있다. 국내에서도 축산업의 환경변화와 동물복지에 대한 사회적 인식변화로 인해 기존 인증기준의 보완 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 국내의 동물복지 축산농장인증기준의 개선 방향을 모색하는 일환으로 육계 관련 국내외 동물복지 인증기준들을 비교분석 하였다. 동물복지 인증기준은 각 국가별 혹은 인증기관별로 사육여건과 운영목적에 따라 조금씩 상이한 내용을 포함하고 있다. 동물복지에 있어 가장 중요하게 다뤄지는 사육밀도, 홰의 제공은 모든 인증기관에서 거의 유사한 반면에 사료, 물, 깔짚 및 조명 등의 기준은 서로 상이한 기준을 제시하고 있는데, 이는 국가별 사육여건을 고려한 자율적 기준 마련이 가능한 부분이라 판단된다. 따라서 국외 인증기준을 비교분석함과 동시에 국내사육여건을 고려한다면 보다 현실적인 국내 동물복지 인증기준이 마련될 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 1995

Tc-99m-MIBI 심근 SPECT에서 심근조직에 비하여 간섭취가 상대적으로 높고 이들이 서로 가까이에 위치해 있는 경우 단축단면상의 하위부 또는 하위중격부에서 발생하는 인위적 관류결손의 정도와 여과기의 차단주파수의 관계를 분석하였다. 이러한 영향은 단축단면상 뿐만 아니라 심근 극성지도에서도 관찰되는데, 심근단층상에서 계수분포가 균일하지 못하고 간과 같이 특정부위에 방사능의 집적도가 높은 경우 단층상 재구성시 차단 파수의 적절한 설정에 따라 이 효과를 줄일 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 분석에 사용된 여과기는 저역통과여과기로 이를 사용하는 경우에는 차단주파수를 0.4Nyquist 이상으로 하면 인위적 관류결손의 정도를 충분히 줄일 수 있었다. 그러나 높은 차단주파수에서는 심근영상의 균일도가 떨어지고 배후방사능 및 기타 잡음요인이 효과적으로 제거되지 않기 때문에 적절한 차단주파수의 설정이 중요하며, 본 연구에 사용된 영상에서 여과방법에 따른 원주프로필의 변화가 미세하여 후처리방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 또한 역투사방법이 비선형적이므로 특정 영상보다는 다양한 간-심근 방사능비에 따른 영상을 분석하여 비선형성을 배제한 연구가 향후 진행되어야 한다.