• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2010

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts on the inflammatory cytokines gene expression by the bacteria of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) which elicits acne in human monocytes, THP-1 cell line. Experiment : Cytotoxicity of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts was analyzed by XTT assay. Real time RT-PCR was applied to analyze the cytokines gene expressions of IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-$\alpha$. Translocation of transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytoplasm into nucleus was observed using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results : Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts did not show cytotoxicity as high as in $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ of concentration. Transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-$\alpha$ were increased by P. acnes in THP-1 and Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts decreased the upregulated transcription levels. Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts significantly inhibited the translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ into nucleus by P. acnes. Conclusion : This study suggests that Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts have anti-inflammatory effects on P. acnes treated THP-1 as decreasing the mRNA expressions of IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-$\alpha$. This anti-inflammatory effect of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts may be useful in therapeutic treatments for acne vulgaris.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2005

To investigate the oxidative stability of the Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracted oil, we prepared extracted oil from the cultivated and wild roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by autoclave method with soybean oil. The oil were stored for 30 days at $60^{\circ}C$, and the peroxide value (POV), acid value (AV) and carbonyl value(CV) were measured periodically. The weight was highly decreased in the oil added roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon during the storage period. POV of soybean oil containing wild and cultivated Lithospermum erythrorhizon was generally enhanced with prolonged storage time, with the POV of the samples being lower than 100 meq/kg.oil after 30 days of storage. However, the POV of soybean oil was higher than 100meq/kg.oil after 10 days of storage. The pattern of the changes of AV and CV of soybean oil containing wild and cultivated Lithospermum erythrorhizon, were almost constant during the experimental periods. Nevertheless, the pattern of the changes of AV of soybean oil was rapidly increased during 20 days of storage, and that of CV of soybean oil was rapidly increased duringdays of storage and then slowly increased during the remainder of the experimental period. However, soybein oil was rapidly increased during 20 days of storage and then slowly decreased during the reminder of the experimental period. The overall results suggest that wild and cultivated Lithosyermum erythrorhizon added antioxidant activities to the autooxidation of soybean oil.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.823-827
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성이 우수한 천연 항균성 물질을 검색하기 위해 예로부터 민간과 한방에서 널리 이용되어 온 지치를 각종 유기용매로 추출하여 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성을 조사해 보았다. 지치를 methanol로 추출한 후, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethly acetate를 이용하여 실온에서 각각 용매별로 계통 분획하고, 열수추출물을 얻은 후, 9종의 식중독 유발세균(S. aureus, B. cereus, Sal. enteritidis, S. flexneri, E. coli, Sal. typhimurium, S. dysenteriae, P. aeruginosa, S. sonnei)에 대하여 항균효과를 조사하였다. 지치 추출물의 농도별 항균 활성 검색에서는 지치의 ethyl acetate 추출물이 가장 큰 항균 효과를 보였으며 S. aureus와 S. dysenteriae가 가장 민감하게 반응하는 균주였다. 지치의 ethyl acetate 추출물과 산두근의 ethyl acetate 추출물을 혼합하여 항균력을 측정해 본 결과 두 추출물을 섞어 첨가했을 경우가 단독으로 사용했을 시 보다 상승효과를 나타내었다. 또한 지치의 ethyl acetate 추출물이 식중독 유발세균의 성장에 미치는 효과를 검정하기 위해 S. aureus 및 S. dysenteriae의 배양액에 지치의 ethyl acetate 추출물을 각각 4,000ppm 농도로 첨가했을 시, S. aureus의 생육이 48시간 이상까지 억제됨을 관찰할 수 있었고, S. dysenteriae의 생육도 12시간까지 지연시킬 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2015

In this work, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound content of 6 fractions of Smallanthus sonchifolius, Agrimonia pilosa, and Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract were investigated. The highest total phenolic compound contents of each plant extracts were obtained from n-butanol ($13.75{\pm}0.21%$) and methylene chloride ($12.89{\pm}1.10%$) fractions (S. sonchifolius), ethyl acetate ($19.69{\pm}1.02%$) and water ($18.72{\pm}0.76%$) fractions (A. pilosa), and n-butanol ($36.26{\pm}1.26%$) and ethyl acetate ($17.66{\pm}0.94%$) fractions (L. erythrorhizon), respectively. As a result of DPPH radical scavenging activity in 10 mg/mL condition, the highest activity were obtained from n-butanol fraction of S. sonchifolius (81.06%), ethyl acetate fraction of A. pilosa (86.32%), and n-butanol fraction of L. erythrorhizon (82.6%), respectively. Also, the highest reducing power was obtained same fractions as well as DPPH adical scavenging activity. Overall, antioxidant activity has relatively closely connected with contents of total phenolic compounds in S. sonchifolius and L. erythrorhizon extracts.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2003

The effects of low dosage ${\gamma}$-radiation on the cell growth and the formation of shikonin derivatives were investigated in callus cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon under different medium and light conditions. Gamma radiation significantly affected the cell growed and formation of shikonin derivatives, depending on the culture conditions. In the cell cultures grown on M-9 medium, 2Gy and 16Gy of ${\gamma}$-radiation increased the calli growth and the formation of shikonin derivatives, respectively under 16hr day light condition. When calli were cultured for 60 days in the dark after irradiation of ${\gamma}$-radiation, cell growth was increased at low dosage of 1Gy and 2Gy in LS medium containing BA 2mg/L and IAA 0.2mg/L. Interestingly, calli grown in M-9 medium by 2Gy irradiation for 60 days significantly stimulated the formation of shikonin derivatives(13.21mg/g cell fresh wt), which was approximately 6 times higher than untreated cells.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2013

This study has assessed the anti-oxidative activities and cytotoxic effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract and measured the effects of tyrosinase inhibition activities with a goal of estimating the usage of the medicinal plant as an ingredient of cosmetics. First, to perform a basic test on the extract, pH and UV-spectrum were measured. According to the measurement, the extract had control functions at pH 5.5, and maximum absorbance occurred at 530nm. In particular, DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl)-inhibiting activity (IC50) and polyphenol content were 149.81 ${\mu}g/mL$ and $51.28{\pm}2.52$ mg/mL respectively. In addition, as extract concentration increased, tyrosinase inhibition activities improved as well. In raw 264.7 cell-based MTT assay, cell survival rates were 98% at 1000 ppm and 153% at 100 ppm. Therefore, it's been confirmed that there is almost no cytotoxin. According to the test results above, it appears that the Lithospermum erythrorhizon ethanol extract would be effective in anti-oxidation and application as a cosmetic ingredient.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2020

본 연구는 불안, 불면증, 우울증 또는 삶의 질에 대하여 지치(Lithospermum erythrorhizon) 유래 naphthoquinone, 즉 shikonin의 영향을 고찰하고, 확실히 밝혀지지 않은 메카니즘을 규명하고자한다. 우리는 지치의 주요성분인 naphthoquinone이 스트레스에 의한 수면장애, 강제수영에 의한 우울, 미로에 의해 유발된 불안현상 등의 조절에 영향을 미칠 것이라고 가설을 세웠다. 수컷 쥐를 이용하여 부동 혹은 수영시간, 수면시간, open arms으로 지속시간 및 진입빈도를 측정하고 기록하였다. Naphthoquinone(10, 30 & 100mg/kg)의 투여군에서 GABAA receptor의 활성으로 일어나는 barbiturate-유도 수면을 증가시켰다. 미로에서 open arms 상태로 지속되는 시간이 증가되고, 강제수영에서 부동시간이 줄었다. 결과적으로 naphthoquinone은 불안을 완화, 수면과 항우울경향이 있고, 불안, 불면과 우울증에서 효과적인 치료효과가 있었다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2001

본 실험은 지치 (Lithospermum erythrorhizon)의 뿌리조직으로부터 유도한 캘러스에 ${\gamma}$선을 조사하여 배양기간과 배지조성 및 명.암배양의 조건에 따라 ${\gamma}$선 조사가 캘러스 생장촉진 효과가 있는지를 검토하고자 수행하였다. 지치의 캘러스 생장은 전체적으로 암배양에서보다 명배양에서 효과적이었다. r선 조사에 의한 효과에 있어서는 LLB2N2배지의 8 Gy에서 캘러스의 생장에 효과가 가장 좋았고, LLK2I0.2배지에서는 16 Gy에서 캘러스 생장효과가 좋았지만 암배양에서의 ${\gamma}$선처리 효과는 없었다. 명배양에서 LS배지에 BA 1 mg/L와 NAA 1 mg/L를 첨가할 경우, BA 2mg/L와 NAA 2 mg/L를 첨가할 때보다 캘러스의 생장효과가 있었으나, 암배양에서는 차이가 없었다. 특정선량에 대한 BA와 NAA의 농도에 있어서는 각각 2 mg/L가 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. MK2I0.2배지는 0.5 Gy와 1 Gy에서 캘러스의 생장에 효과적이었으나, 기본배지의 종류에 있어서는 MS배지보다 LS배지에서 더 효과적이었다. M-9배지에서는 명배양에서도 캘러스의 생장은 저조하였으나, 16 Gy 및 30 Gy에서 캘러스의 생장이 30%이상 증가하였다. 암배양에서는 ${\gamma}$선 조사에 의한 캘러스의 생장효과는 거의 없었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 한약 재료로 널리 이용되고 있는 3종의 약용식물(지치, 창이자, 인동초)을 기능성 소재로 이용하기 위하여 총 페놀함량, DPPH radical 소거능, xanthine oxidase 저해능 등의 실험을 통해 한약재의 항산화 활성을 살펴보았다. 지치, 창이자, 인동초의 수율은 각 7.01%, 2.92%, 7.95%, 총 페놀함량은 각 $4.3{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/ml$, $5.4{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/ml$, $4.6{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/ml$를 함유하고 있었다. DPPH radical 소거능은 인동초가 0.24 mg/ml에서 $EC_{50}$이 나타났으며 나머지 2종 모두 높은 DPPH radical 소거능을 보였다. Xanthine oxidase 저해능은 0.01 mg/ml의 농도에서 한약재 3종 모두 대조구로 사용된 ascorbic acid보다 더 높은 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 그 외에도 Superoxide radical 소거활성은 지치와 인동초가 50 mg/ml의 농도에서 80% 이상의 소거활성을 보였으며, OH radical 소거활성은 50 mg/ml의 농도에서 40% 이상의 소거활성이 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 지치, 창이자, 인동초 모두 높은 항산화 활성을 가지고 있으며, 기능성 소재로 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.262-266
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• 1990

Acetylshikonine, isolated from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon showed a strong cytotoxic activity ($ED_{50}=0.10\;ug/ml$) against L1210 cell and T/C = 182% in ICR mice bearing S-180 at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Administrations of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg reduced the T/C values to 60 and 77% respectively. Higher doses reveal toxicity. Seven naphthazarin derivatives synthesized showed good cytotoxic activities against L1210 cell. Especially, naphthazarin and hydronaphthazarin have strong activities ($ED_{50}=0.05\;ug/ml$ for both). Naphthazarin showed a severe toxic effect on ICR mice bearing S-180; no significant toxic effect was observed at a dose of 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg, but a severe toxicity (T/C = 23%) by administration of 5 mg/kg. Alkylation of C-2 of naphthazarin is necessary for reducing the toxic effect on ICR mice bearing S-180.