• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.41.1-41.7
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of lithium disilicate ceramics to reproduce the A2 shade and to mask A4 substrates. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four discs (8 mm in diameter, shade A2) of high translucency (groups 1-3) and low translucency (groups 4-6) of IPS e.max ceramic with different thicknesses (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mm) were fabricated as monolithic structures. In addition, discs of medium opacity (group 7-8) with different core/veneer combinations (0.3 mm/0.7 mm and 0.5 mm/0.5 mm) were fabricated as bilayer structures. Specimens were superimposed on an A4 substrate (complex). The color changes of the complex were measured using a spectrophotometer on a black background, and the ΔE values of the complex were compared with either the A4 substrate or the A2 shade tab. One-way analysis of variance, the Tukey honest significant difference test, and the Fisher test were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). Results: Significant between-group differences were found for comparisons to both the A4 substrate and the A2 shade (p < 0.05). When compared with the A4 substrate, the ΔE values in all groups were in the non-acceptable range. When compared with the A2 shade, the ΔE values in all groups, except groups 2 and 3, were in the clinically acceptable range. Conclusions: All translucencies and thicknesses masked the underlying dark substrate. However, the low-translucency IPS e.max Press better reproduced the A2 shade.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate translucency and masking ability of translucent zirconia compared to conventional zirconia and lithium disilicate materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three types of zirconia blocks with different yttria contents (3Y, 4Y, 5.5Y) and LS blocks (Rosetta SM) were used. Ten specimens for each group were fabricated with 10 mm diameter, with both 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses (± 0.02 mm). All groups of zirconia specimens were sintered and polished according to the manufacturer's instructions. To calculate the translucency parameter (TP), CIELAB value was measured with a spectrophotometer on black and white backgrounds. To investigate the color masking abilities, background shades of A2, normal dentin, discolored dentin, and titanium were used. The color difference (ΔE) was calculated with the CIELAB values of A2 shade background as a reference compared with the values in the various backgrounds. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were conducted (P < .05). RESULTS. The TP values of zirconia specimens increased as the yttria content increased. All materials used in the study were able to adequately mask normal dentin shade (ΔE < 5.5), but were incapable of masking severely discolored dentin (ΔE > 5.5). On the titanium background, all materials of 1.5 mm thickness were able to mask the background shade, but with a thickness of 0.8 mm, only 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ were able to mask titanium background. CONCLUSION. All zirconia materials and lithium disilicate specimens used in this study were unable to adequately mask the shade of severely discolored dentin. It is recommended to use 3Y-TZP or 4Y-PSZ with a sufficient thickness of 0.8 mm or more to mask titanium.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of resin cement color, cement thickness, and thermocycling on the final color of monolithic lithium disilicate crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of ninety prepared central incisors of typodont teeth were restored with lithium disilicate crowns which have different cement thicknesses (40 ㎛, 80 ㎛, and 120 ㎛) and cement shades (clear, yellow, and white). Color parameters of restorations were measured with a spectrophotometer in three different steps 1) before cementing 2) after cementing and 3) after thermocycling with 10000 cycles. Color differences (ΔE₀₀) were calculated with the CIEDE2000 formula and evaluated according to perceptibility (0.8) and acceptability (1.8) thresholds. The ΔE₀₀ data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA before and after thermocycling (α = .05). RESULTS. There was no interaction between the cement shade and the cement thickness factors. After cementation, the mean ΔE₀₀ was under the perceptibility threshold in the group of 40 ㎛ cement thickness and clear cement while it was between the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (0.8 < ΔE₀₀ < 1.8) for all other groups. After thermocycling, the ΔE₀₀ values were between the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for all experimental groups. Although there were no significant differences among the groups, thermocycling increased the color difference values. CONCLUSION. The cementation of restorations with clear, yellow, and white resin cements resulted in color differences with uncemented restorations except for the group cemented with clear cement in 40 ㎛ cement thickness. All study groups revealed perceptible color change after thermocycling.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 수복물의 적합도를 계측하는 두 가지 측정방법을 평가하기 위해 CAD-CAM (computer aided design-computer aided manufacturing)과 열가압 소성법으로 전부 도재관을 제작하고 micro CT와 cross-section technique으로 전부 도재관의 적합도를 비교하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 하악 제 1대구치 레진 치아를 전부 도재관을 위한 지대치를 형성하고 PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) 레진 블록을 가공하여 10개의 시편을 복제하였다. 복제한 레진 다이의 인상을 채득하고 모형을 제작하여 5개는 열가압 소성법으로 IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) 도재관을 제작하였다. 다른 5개의 시편은 CAD-CAM 가공법(Ceramil motion 2, Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Austria)을 이용하여 IPS e.max CAD 도재관을 제작하였다. 각 레진 다이에 전부 도재관을 인산아연 시멘트(Fleck's zinc cement, Keystone industries, Gibbstown, NJ, USA)로 손가락 압력에 의해 합착하였다. 변연 및 내면 적합도를 측정하기 위해서 합착된 시편 10개를 먼저 micro CT로 촬영하여 협-설 시상면의 영상정보를 획득하였다. 그 후 절단 시편을 만들어 주사전자현미경으로 micro CT와 동일한 지점의 간극을 측정하였다. SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 각 측정 지점에서 제작 방식별, 측정 방식별로 Mann-Whitney 검정 방법을 통해 유의차 검증을 시행하였다. 결과: Micro CT와 주사전자현미경으로 측정한 변연 및 내면 적합도는 유사하였으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 두 가지 제작법의 도재관은 변연 및 내면 적합도에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: CAD-CAM과 열가압소성으로 제작한 전부 도재관은 적합도에 차이를 보이고 있지 않으며, Micro CT와 주사전자현미경을 이용한 측정 방식 모두 임상적으로 이용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2019

목적: 본 연구에서는 리튬 디실리케이트-지르코니아 이중도재관과 단일구조 지르코니아로 제작된 구치부 고정성 임플란트 지지 보철물의 2년간의 임상적 결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2015년에서 2018년 사이 부산대학교 치과병원에 내원하여 치료받은 총 17명의 환자(남성: 12, 여성: 5)를 대상으로 60개의 구치부 고정성 임플란트 지지 보철물을 제작하였다(LP. Lithium disilicate pressed zirconia prostheses: n = 30, MZ. Monolithic zirconia prostheses: n = 30) 보철물 제작 후 2년간의 추적 관찰을 통해 임플란트 생존율, 변연골 흡수량, 치주낭 깊이, 치태지수, 출혈지수, 치석지수 및 합병증을 평가하였다. 결과: 모든 임플란트가 기능적 문제와 동요도 없이 100%의 생존율을 보였다. 변연골 흡수량은 관찰 12개월에 LP군이 MZ군 보다 더 적었으며 (P < .05), 임상 검사시 관찰 12개월의 치주낭 깊이 및 치석 지수는 LP군에서 더 높았다 (P < .05). 주된 합병증으로 MZ군에서 7개에서 1.5 mm 이상의 골흡수가 관찰되었으며, LP군에서 2개의 chipping이 관찰되었다. 결론: 본 연구의 한계 내에서, 구치부 임플란트 지지 보철물에서 리튬 디실리케이트가 프레스된 지르코니아 보철물은 단일구조 지르코니아 보철물과 함께 예지성 있는 치료방법으로 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 1987

With the content of ZnO varing from 10.5 to 47.4 wt%, the crystallization of lithium zinc silicate glass was investigated by DTA, XRD, and SEM. In this work P2O5 was used as nucleation agent. The crystallization temperature was found to increase with the content of ZnO and the microstructure of formed crystalling phases was studied through the scanning electron microscopy. According to the XRD analysis, the crystal phases formed are summarized as follows. 1) The major phases are lithium orthosilicate, lithium disilicate and quartz at 10.5 wt% ZnO. 2) Lithium zinc silicate polymorphous and cristobalite occur in the composition varying 21.3 to 30.8 wt% ZnO. 3) At composition containing 47.4wt% ZnO some quantity of willemite is formed.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.27-27
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• 2001

No Abstract (See Full-text)

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2007년도 Autumn Scientific Meeting(the 128th) of Korean Academy of Comservative Dentistry
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• pp.645-645
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• 2007

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2014

In recent years, perhaps the biggest driver in new material development is the desire to improve crown and bridge esthetics compared to the traditional PFM or all-metal restorations. As such, zirconia, leucite-containing glass ceramic and lithium disilicate glass ceramic have become prominent in the dental practice. Each material type performs differently regarding strength, toughness, ease of machining and the final preparation of the material prior to placement. For example, glass ceramic are typically weaker materials which limits its use to single-unit restorations. On the other hand, zirconia has a high fracture toughness which enables multi-unit restorations. This material requires a long sintering procedure which excludes its use for fast chair side production. Developed hybrid material of CAD/CAM is contained nano ceramic elements. This new material, called a Resin Nano Ceramic is unique in durability and function. The material is not a resin or composite. It is also not a pure ceramic. The material is a mixture of both and consists of ceramic. Like a composite, the material is not brittle and is fracture resistant. Like a glass ceramic, the material has excellent polish retention for lasting esthetics. The material is easily machined chair side or in a dental lab, polishes quickly to an esthetic finish and if necessary, can be useful restoratives.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1981

The crystallization of $Li_2O-SiO_2$ system glasses and the effect of phase separtion to crystal nucleation were studied. The crystallization temperatures of various glasses were determined by DTA and glasses were nucleation heat treated at the temperatures ranging from 45$0^{\circ}C$ to 5$25^{\circ}C$. These glasses were thengown at $700^{\circ}C$ to observable size in the optical microscope. Crystal nucleation rates of various glasses were obtained by estimating the number of crystals per unit volume. The main crystal phase of these glasses identified by X-ray diffraction was lithium disilicate ($Li_2O$.$2SiO_2$). It was found that the crystal nucleation rate of glass (19.5% $Li_2P$-80.5% $SiO_2$), the nearest composition to lithium disilicate, was higher than other glasses. The opalescence caused by phase separation was observed in the nucleation heat treated glass (16.3% $Li_2O$-83.7% $SiO_2$). The result from nucleation density measurement of this glass indicated that the nucleation was enhanced during early stage of phase separation. The molphologies of crystals in glasses and crystal growth rate at $600^{\circ}C$ were also discussed.