• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1795-1799
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• 2013

The corrosion property of aluminum by lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt is investigated in liquid and gel electrolytes consisting of ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate/ethylmethyl carbonate/diethyl carbonate (20:5:55:20, vol %) with vinylene carbonate (2 wt %) and fluoroethylene carbonate (5 wt %) using conductivity measurement, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. All corrosion behaviors are attenuated remarkably by using three gel electrolytes containing 3 wt % of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fumed silica. The addition of silica particles contributes to the increase in the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, indicating temporarily formed physical crosslinking among the silica particles to produce a gel state. Cyclic voltammetry also gives lower anodic current responses at higher potentials for repeating cycles, confirming further corrosion attenuation or electrochemical stability. In addition, the degree of corrosion attenuation can be affected mainly by the electrolytic constituents, not by the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of silica particles.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1999

Electrochemical lithium intercalation into a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposited) carbon film electrode was investigated in 1 M $LiPF_6-EC$ (ethylene carbonate) and DEC (diethyl carbonate) solution during lithium intercalation and deintercalation, by using cyclic voltammetry supplemented with ac-impedance spectroscopy. The size of the graphitic crystallite in the a- and c-axis directions obtained from the carbon film electrode was much smaller than those of the graphite one, indicating less-developed crystalline structure with hydrogen bonded to carbon, from the results of AES (Auger electron spectroscopy), powder XRD (X-ray diffraction) method, and FTIR(Fourier transform infra-red) spectroscopy. It was shown from the cyclic voltammograms and ac-impedance spectra of carbon film electrode that a threshold overpotential was needed to overcome an activation barrier to entrance of lithium into the carbon film electrode, such as the poor crystalline structure of the carbon film electrode showing disordered carbon and the presence of residual hydrogen in its structure. The experimental results were discussed in terms of the effect of host carbon structure on the lithium intercalation capability.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

탄소가 코팅된 일산화규소(C-coated SiO) 전극에서 전해질 첨가제로서 lithium bis(oxalato)borate(LiBOB)의 영향을 조사하였다. 전해질 조성은 1.3M $LiPF_6$/ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) (5:25:70 v/v/v)이며, 여기에 LiBOB을 0.5 wt.% 첨가한 것과 첨가하지 않은 2가지 전해질을 사용하였다. LiBOB을 첨가하지 않은 전해질에서 C-coated SiO 전극은 초기에 저항이 작은 피막이 형성되어 결정질의 $Li_{15}Si_4$를 형성할 때까지 합금화가 진행되며 동시에 큰 부피 변화를 보였다. 따라서 입자의 균열이 발생하고, 전극의 저항이 증가하여 충방전이 진행됨에 따라 용량이 빠르게 감소하였다. 반면에 LiBOB이 첨가된 전해질에서는 초기에 LiBOB의 환원분해에 의해 저항이 큰 피막이 형성되어, 합금화 반응이 원활히 진행되지 못하였다. 따라서 결정질 $Li_{15}Si_4$도 생성되지 못하였고, 결과적으로 부피변화도 적게 발생하므로 입자의 균열과 전극 저항의 증가도 적게 나타났다. 이러한 효과로 싸이클 후반부에서 용량감소가 적었고, 싸이클 성능도 좋은 결과를 보였다. 반면 피막 저항에 의한 영향이 줄어드는 $45^{\circ}C$ 에서는 LiBOB 첨가에 관계없이 합금화 반응이 유사하게 진행되며 비슷한 싸이클 성능을 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.433-442
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• 1996

분자량이 큰 Poly(ethylene oxide)[PEO] 고분자에 $LiClO_4$, $LiCF_3SO_3$ 등의 리튬염과 ethylene carbonate(EC), propylene carbonate(PC) 등의 가소제를 고정화시킨 고분자 전해질의 전기화학적 특성 및 물리적 성질을 조사하였다. 가소제가 첨가된 PEO-Li계 고분자 전해질은 상온에서 $10^{-4}S/cm$의 이온 전도도를 보였고 4.5 V(vs. $Li^+/Li$)까지 높은 전기화학적인 안정성을 나타냄으로써 리튬 2차전지에 적용 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 리튬염 및 가소제의 첨가에 따라 PEO의 결정상이 감소되었고 특히 $LiClO_4$, PC등이 $LiCF_3SO_3$, EC 등에 비하여 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 리튬염의 농도가 증가할수록 고분자 전해질의 유리전이온도($T_g$)는 증가되었으며 반면에 융점온도($T_m$)는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 가소제가 첨가된 고분자 전해질은 $6^{\circ}C$에서 결정화 되었다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2023

리튬이온 2차전지는 현재 많은 수요와 공급이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 리튬이온전지의 전해질 유기용매로 사용되는 EC(Ethylene Carbonate)의 연소특성치 연구를 통해 이를 취급하는 공정의 안전성 확보를 목적으로 한다. 밀폐식 장치인 Setaflash와 Pensky-Martens에 의한 EC의 인화점은 141 ℃와 143 ℃, 개방식 장치인 Tag와 Cleveland는 각각 152 ℃와 156 ℃로 측정되었으며 AIT(Auto Ignition Temperature)는 420 ℃로 측정되었다. Setaflash에서 측정된 인화점에 의한 LEL(Lower Explosive Limit) 은 3.6 Vol.%로 계산되었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2004

We prepared a novel multi-functional dual-layer polymer electrolyte by impregnating the interconnected pores with an ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/lithium hexafluorophosphate $(LiPF_6)$ solution. The first layer, based on a microporous polyethylene, is incompatible with a liquid electrolyte, and the second layer, based on poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), is submicroporous and compatible with an electrolyte solution. The maximum ionic conductivity is $7{\times}10^{-3}S/cm$ at ambient temperature. A unit cell using the optimum polymer electrolyte showed a reversible capacity of 198 mAh/g at the 500th cycle, which was about 87% of the initial value.

• Carbon letters
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• 제1권3_4호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2001

Carbonaceous thin films were prepared from acetylene and argon gases by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (Plasma CVD) at 873 K. The carbonaceous thin films were characterized by mainly Raman spectroscopy, and their electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge measurements in propylene carbonate (PC) solution. Raman spectra showed that crystallinity of carbonaceous thin films is correlated by the applied RF power. The difference of the applied RF power also affected on the results of cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge measurements. In PC solution, intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium ion can occur as well as in the mixed solution of EC and DEC.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.97.2-97.2
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• 2012

This study examined the utility of two zwitterions, nitrile-functionalized zwitterions and a zwitterion without a nitrile group (MF-ZI), were used as additives along with 1 M $LiPF_6$ in ethylene carbonate (EC):diethylene carbonate (DEC) (3:7 V/V) (E-0) to form an electrolyte solution for use in lithium ion batteries comprising graphite and $LiCoO_2$ electrodes. The presence of NF-ZI (E-NF-ZI) in the electrolyte produced an ion conductivity comparable to that of E-0 and higher than that of an electrolyte containing MF-ZI (E-MF-ZI). Linear sweep voltammetry data revealed that the intensity of the E-NF-ZI reduction peak was lower than that of E-0. Furthermore, the successful formation of an SEI layer in the E-NF-ZI over graphite was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry data. These results were attributed to the adsorption of NF-ZI on the electrode surface, as verified by differential capacity measurements.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2022

ANODE-free Li-metal batteries (AFLMBs) operating with Li of cathode material have attracted enormous attention due to their exceptional energy density originating from anode-free structure in the confined cell volume. However, uncontrolled dendritic growth of lithium on a copper current collector can limit its practical application as it causes fatal issues for stable cycling such as dead Li formation, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, electrolyte exhaustion, and internal short-circuit. To overcome this limitation, here, we report a novel dual-salt electrolyte comprising of 0.2 M LiPF₆ + 3.8 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in a carbonate/ester co-solvent with 5 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate, 2 wt% vinylene carbonate, and 0.2 wt% LiNO₃ additives. Because the dual-salt electrolyte facilitates uniform/dense Li deposition on the current collector and can form robust/ionic conductive LiF-based SEI layer on the deposited Li, a Li/Li symmetrical cell exhibits improved cycling performance and low polarization for over 200 h operation. Furthermore, the anode-free LiFePO₄/Cu cells in the carbonate electrolyte shows significantly enhanced cycling stability compared to the counterparts consisting of different salt ratios. This study shows an importance of electrolyte design guiding uniform Li deposition and forming stable SEI layer for AFLMBs.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제25권6_3호
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2022

This study provides an investigating the electrolyte reaction characteristics during thermal runaway of a lithium-ion battery(LIB). Dimethyl carbonate(DMC) is known as the main substance that makes up the electrolyte. The mono-molecular decomposition characteristics of DMC were derived through numerical analysis. Cobalt oxide can release oxygen under high temperature conditions. Also, DMC is converted to CH₄, H₂, CO, and CO₂. Especially, it was found that the decomposition of the DMC begins at a temperature range of 340-350℃, which dramatically increases the internal pressure of the LIB. In the by-products gases, the molar ratio of CO and CO₂ changed according to the molecular structure of DMC and temperature conditions. The correlation of the [CO]/[CO₂] ratio according to the temperature during thermal runaway was derived, and the characteristics of the reaction temperature could be estimated using the molar ratio as an indicator. In addition, the oxidation and decomposition characteristics of DMC according to the residence time for each temperature were estimated. When DMC is exposed to low temperature for a long time, both oxidation and decomposition may occur. There is possibility of not only increasing the internal pressure of the LIB, but also promoting thermal runaway. In this study, internal environment of LIB was identified and the reaction characteristics between the active materials of the cathode and electrolyte were investigated.