• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Objectives: Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders. Methods: We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included. Results: Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2021

북한이탈주민을 대상으로 구강보건교육을 실시하는 것은 개인의 구강건강상태를 향상시키고, 국가 예산을 절약할 수 있는 효과가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 북한이탈주민을 대상으로 한 구강보건교육에 관한 연구를 고찰하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 문헌고찰 방법으로 선행연구를 질적으로 고찰하고 재해석하는 방법인 스코핑 리뷰 방법을 사용하였다. 문헌의 연구대상자는 연령과 남한정착기간에 차이가 나타났고, 연간 구강보건교육 경험률을 평가한 연구, 교육프로그램을 실제로 적용하고 효과를 평가한 연구로 구분할 수 있었으며, 치아건강, 치주건강, 구강보건지식 등 다양한 효과평가변수에서 긍정적인 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구는 북한이탈주민 대상 구강보건교육의 발전방향을 모색했다는 데에 의의가 있다. 북한이탈주민을 대상으로 구강보건교육을 계획할 때에는 구강건강 격차, 언어 등 문화 차이, 남한정착기간에 따른 심리적 특성, 연령 등을 고려하여 차별화된 접근 전략을 수립할 필요가 있다는 점 등을 제안한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2003

The study was designed to review the changes in designs and the manufacturing methods of french hood, one of the headdresses which play an important role in showing the appearance of costume, to understand design expression techniques through manufacturing of the head dress of the western costumes, and to provide materials to exert creativity for new designs. Based on literature review and portrait study, 1 manufactured a frenchhood. I set the study cope as from the late 15 century when frenchhood was used for the first time, to the mid 16 century. For the frenchhood selected, 1 examined the hair style, the characteristics of the french hood, and the pattern first, and proceeded to manufacturing. 1 used velvet and silk for the textile as explained in the literature. And, 1 purchased such similar ornaments as shown in the pictures, making the color so similar to the original to the most. Dimensions in manufacturing were those In the literature, since the study is focusing on the reproduction of the features of the portraits. Dimensions of detailed decoration were measured using the ratio of the headdress in the portraits.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2011

Since the mid-1990s, the corporate social responsibility(adhere CSR) has risen as an important issue in Korean company. We have classified 3 effects of CSR activities on corporate performance. That is, this study investigates the relationship between CSR and corporate performance, which are financial performance, marketing performance, human resource and organization performance. Previous literatures discuss how CSR activities influence on corporate performance. But they have not reached at a clear conclusion and the issue is still debate. The relationship between CSR and corporate performance is actually more complicated, so this study is to review literature of various perspective. In this study, CSR management tool proposed for effective and efficiency CSR management by literature review. A right measure is fundamental factor for effective and efficiency CSR management. This study provide fundamental tip for CSR measure using of principles of ISO 26000.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.199-228
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• 2018

The main purposes of this study were (a) to analyze the research trend of educational use of tangible technology, (b) to identify tangible learning mechanisms, and potential benefits of learning with tangible technology, and (c) to provide references and future research directions. We conducted a systematic literature review to search for academic papers published in recent five years (from 2013 to 2017) in the major databases. Forty papers were coded and analyzed by the established coding framework in four dimensions: (a) basic publication information, (b) learning context, (c) learning mechanism, and (d) learning benefits. Overall, the results show that tangible technology has been used more for young learners in the kindergarten and primary school contexts mainly for science learning, to achieve both cognitive and affective learning outcomes, by coupling tangible objects with tabletops and desktop computers. From the synthesis of the review findings, this study suggests that the affordances of tangible technology useful for learning include embodied interaction, physical manipulations, and the physical-digital representational mapping. With such technical affordances, tangible technologies have the great potential in three particular areas in education: (a) learning spatial relationships, (b) making the invisible visible, and (c) reinforcing abstract concepts through the correspondence of representations. In conclusion, we suggest some areas for future research endeavors.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Purpose : This study was to suggest a recommendation of the role and the operating qualification system of health education specialists. Method : This study was conducted by law and descriptive literature review on health education and health promotion. Result : This study was to analysis of the contents of the National Health Promotion Law and the relevant literature. Conclusion : This study was to analyze the suggestions below to research a health education specialists qualifications and duties and role-specific factors based on the content of legislation and review of the literature.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권46호
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• pp.103-118
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• 1998

This study closely examines quality management's realities which manufacturing firms have and effective result controls access formula by comparison and analysis on the product of introduction quality control realities and quality management of manufacturing firms in Chollabukdo. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, this research was progressed as order of literature review and survey. After literature review this study drew up questionnaire on the basis of foregoing literature and executed survey on manufacturing business taking TQM(Total Quality Management) in Chollado's area. The result of analysis are as follows. First, according to the analysis manufacturing of industry's realities, investment in TQM techniques seems to contribute to the performance of manufacturing firms, but most of manufacturing firms quality control do not have strategic orientations. Conseqently, general and strategic quality management system suitable for the realities of manufacturing industry are required. Second, It seems that manufacturing industry didn't recognize strategic importance for competitive advantage. Namely, It was found that firms with less TQM executed non-strategic quality management, compared with firms more TQM.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1998

The literature review for fall in the elderly has been done for the better quality of life of increasing elderly people toward 21 st century. Because 30 to 50% of over sixty five years old persons have experiences of fall, five percent of the fallen have trauma such as bone fracture requiring hospitalization and three quarter of people who die as fall are over 65 year old, fall is important health problem of them. There are very little societal interest in and research related to fall. Therefore, among recent foreign and our literatures studying literature review of frequency of fall, risk factors and assessing method for tall, and the management of fall prevention program, I would like to find research direction. Conclusivelly, we should study extensively the survey of the elderly's fall and on the basis of it. developing fall prevention program, promote the elderly's health through fall prevention.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2015

Purpose - This study reviews Cameroon's economic growth, crisis, and recovery, aiming to: review the principal factors of Cameroon's real economic growth; explore the causes of its economic crisis analyze the determinants of its economic recovery; and suggest appropriate policies to ameliorate economic growth. Research design, data, and methodology - By reviewing the relevant literature and economic indicators, we observed that from the 1980s to the present, Cameroon experienced all the possible business cycle phases: economic prosperity (until 1985), economic and social crisis (1986-1994), and renewed economic growth (after 1995). Results - As a result of the economic changes in Cameroon, its macroeconomic indicators have evolved. Poverty and inequality have changed in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Throughout the examined period, rural poverty has become more widespread, deeper, and more severe than urban poverty, while inequality has experienced greater increases in urban areas relative to rural zones. Conclusions -To reap maximum benefits and reduce poverty from these economic changes, Cameroon needs to liberalize trade and foreign exchange transactions to attract foreign investment, especially during the current globalization.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

This study examines the scientific publications on website evaluation in hospitality and tourism from 2010 to 2023 through a systematic review and discusses implications for future research. The reviewed literature from publication years, journals, research methods, website-related stakeholders, context, various forms of Internet presence (Internet forms), and theories are analyzed to create a comprehensive website evaluation dimension. Furthermore, a conceptual framework is developed to show the relationship between the website characteristics, stakeholders-channels interaction, and stakeholders' reactions. The proposed website evaluation framework in hospitality and tourism synthesizes the existing knowledge, identifies gaps, and further advances our understanding of this research area.