• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.239.1-239.1
• /
• 2003

This study was to develop a quantification method of lisinopril using liquid chromatography tendem mass spectrometry in human plasma. Quntitation of lisinopril by MRM(multiple reaction monitoring) in the electrospray positive mode was validated according to FDA guideline. Extraction of lisinopril and enalapril as internal standard from plasma was perfomed by means solide phase extraction. The calibration curve of lisinopril showed a good linerarity in the concentration range 2∼200ng/ml. The coefficients of variations for the inter-day and intra-day precision was less than 15%, and the inter-day and intra-day accuracy was 97.6∼101.0%. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.277-282
• /
• 2006

Lisinopril is one of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which have been used for treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two lisinopril tablet, $Lisihexal^{\circledR}$ and $Zestril^{\circledR}$ as a test and reference, respectively. The study was came out on 28 healthy male Korean volunteers in $2{\times}2$ crossover design. An analytical method with LC-MS-MS was developed for the quantification of lisinopril and enalapril(IS) using SPE method. The condition was selective, sensitive and precise in human plasma, that was enough for the pharmacokinetic study of lisinopril. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;AUC_{inf},\;C_{max},\;T_{max}\;and\;t_{1/2}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was used for the statistical analysis of the parameters using log transformed $AUC_t,\;AUC_{inf}\;and\;C_{max}$. $t_{1/2}$ of test and reference drugs were calculated $11.4{\pm}5.1\;and\;16.1{\pm}9.9\;hr$, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of $AUC_t,\;AUC_{inf}\;and\;C_{max}$ were log 0.9245$\sim$log 1.0603, log 0.9270$\sim$log 1.0601 and log 0.9548$\sim$log 1.1009, within the acceptable range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 by KFDA bioequivalence criteria. Two medications of lisinopril were evaluated bioequivalent and thus may be prescribed interchangeably.

• Carbon letters
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 2016

Date palm leaflets were used as a precursor to prepare dehydrated carbon (DC) via phosphoric acid treatment at 150℃. DC, acidified with H₃PO₄, was converted to activated carbon (AC) at 500℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere. DC shows very low surface area (6.1 m²/g) while AC possesses very high surface area (829 m²/g). The removal of lisinopril (LIS) and chlorpheniramine (CP) from an aqueous solution was tested at different pH, contact time, concentration, and temperature on both carbons. The optimal initial pH for LIS removal was 4.0 and 5.0 for DC and AC, respectively. However, for CP, initial pH 9.0 showed maximum adsorption on both carbons. Adsorption kinetics showed faster removal on AC than DC with adsorption data closely following the pseudo second order kinetic model. Adsorption increases with temperature (25℃–45℃) and activation energy (E_a) is in a range of 19–25 kJ mol/L. Equilibrium studies show higher adsorption on AC than DC. Thermodynamic parameters show that drug removal is endothermic and spontaneous with physical adsorption dominating the adsorption process. Column adsorption data show good fitting to the Thomas model. Despite its very low surface area, DC shows ~70% of AC drug adsorption capacity in addition of being inexpensive and easily prepared.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.1505-1511
• /
• 2004

Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity is one of the common antihypertensive methods functioned by drugs such as captopril, lisinopril and enalapril to serve as inhibitors of ACE. This study was designed to compare the effects of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and GLM002, an oriental medicine, on tail systolic pressure, aorta and plasma properties in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after 4 weeks of treatment. During the treatment, blood pressure was depressed to normal in GLM002 and enalapril groups. The treatments of enalapril and GLM002 were discontinued in 4 weeks. One week after the treatment stop, systolic blood pressure was smoothly increased in both groups; the increment of blood pressure was slightly greater in GLM002-SHR, but the increment of plasma ACE activity was proportionately similar in each group. In the aspects of the triglyceride, HDL and total cholesterol level, those levels were slightly different among each group. We also conducted clinical dosage of GLM002 to the patients who have mild and severe hypertension for approximately 7 weeks. Clinical treatments also showed remarkable efficiencies on blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), complete blood count (CBC) routine, differ count (NEUTRO, LYM, MONO, EOS and BASO) and R-chemistry. We conclude that GLM002, like already proven enalapril, plays a role as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and can be suggested as a drug candidate for curing hypertension.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.333-340
• /
• 2016

Edaravone, a synthetic-free radical scavenger, has been reported to reduce ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury by improving tubular cell function, and lowering serum creatinine and renal vascular resistance. The present study investigated the effect of edaravone in diabetes mellitus-induced nephropathy in rats. A single administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg, i .p.) was employed to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. The STZ-administered diabetic rats were allowed for 10 weeks to develop nephropathy. Mean body weight, lipid alteration, renal functional and histopathology were analysed. Diabetic rats developed nephropathy as evidenced by a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea, and marked renal histopathological abnormalities like glomerulosclerosis and tubular cell degeneration. The kidney weight to body weight ratio was increased. Moreover, diabetic rats showed lipid alteration as evidenced by a significant increase in serum triglycerides and decrease in serum high-density lipoproteins. Edaravone (10 mg/kg, i .p., last 4-weeks) treatment markedly prevented the development of nephropathy in diabetic rats by reducing serum creatinine and urea and preventing renal structural abnormalities. In addition, its treatment, without significantly altering the elevated glucose level in diabetic rats, prevented diabetes mellitus-induced lipid alteration by reducing serum triglycerides and increasing serum high-density lipoproteins. Interestingly, the renoprotective effect of edaravone was comparable to that of lisinopril (5 mg/kg, p.o, 4 weeks, standard drug). Edaravone prevented renal structural and functional abnormalities and lipid alteration associated with experimental diabetes mellitus. Edaravone has a potential to prevent nephropathy without showing an anti-diabetic action, implicating its direct renoprotection in diabetic rats.

• Food Science and Industry
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.2-32
• /
• 2020

In recent years, significant importance has been given to chitooligosaccharides (COS) due to its potent notable biological applications. COS can be derived from chitosan which is commonly produced by partially hydrolyzed products from crustacean shells. In order to produce COS, there are several approaches including chemical and enzymatic methods which are the two most common choices. In this regard, several new methods were intended to be promoted which use the enzymatic hydrolysis with a lower cost and desired properties. Hence, the dual reactor system has gained more attention than other newly developed technologies. Enzymatic hydrolysis derived COS possesses important biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-hypersentive, anti-dementia (Altzheimer's disease), anti-diabeties, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, etc. Results strongly suggest that properties of COS can be potential materials for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical product development.