• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2019

Pimobendan is an inodilator used to treat canine heart failure, and pentoxifylline is reported to be beneficial for microcirculation and heart disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of a novel pimobendan-pentoxifylline liquid mixture after oral administration to dogs. Eight healthy Beagle dogs were included in the study. The dogs were divided into the control group (orally administered water; n = 4) and experimental group (orally administered pimobendan-pentoxifylline liquid mixture [pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg, pentoxifylline 15 mg/kg]; n = 4). Plasma samples were obtained and echocardiographic indices were measured for 24 hours after administration. The concentrations of pimobendan and pentoxifylline were quantified by using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS). The elimination half-life ($T_{1/2}$) was $32.96{\pm}9.80mins$ for pimobendan and $29.49{\pm}6.67mins$ for pentoxifylline. The time to reach maximum concentration ($T_{max}$) were $52.50{\pm}31.22mins$ for pimobendan and $41.25{\pm}18.87mins$ for pentoxifylline. The maximum blood concentration ($C_{max}$) was $96.92{\pm}75.64ng/mL$ for pimobendan and $7074.07{\pm}3261.1ng/mL$ for pentoxifylline. Of the echocardiographic indices, fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs) were significantly altered at 1-3 hours after the administration of pimobendan-pentoxifylline liquid mixture. The pimobendan-pentoxifylline liquid mixture was well tolerated by the dogs, with no adverse effects observed during the study.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.318-328
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• 1998

The aqua-acupuncture blended with liquid medicine and acupuncture is known to be effective in treating various medical disorders. This study used gallbladders of bear (WoongDam, WD, Ursus arctos Linne) and pig(JeoDam, JD, Sus scrofa domestica Brisson) plus the stones from the ox gallbladder(WooHwang, WH, Bos taurus var, domesticus Gmelin) to produce the liquid medicine. For the acupuncture, acupoint of ST -36 which is located one finger breadth from the anterior crest of the tibia was selected. There were a couple of purposes in this experiment. First, the relationship between aqua-acupuncture and gastric activity was scrutinized. Secondly, the possibility of pig gallbladder as an alternative organ to bear gallbladder for making liquid medicine was evaluated. Thirdly, different injection concentration ratio of liquid medicine was tried to figure out the optimal dosage for the aqua-acupuncture. The data of the present results indicated that the mixtures of WD + WH and JD + WH have a similar hypotonic effect on the stomach. These findings illustrated that aqua-acupuncture or hydroacupuncture showed inhibitory effect on the stomach in addition to its well-known prophylactic value. Also the possible alternative medical organ of pig gallbladder was checked out since two mixtures illustrated very similar trends in suppressing the gastric activity. The injection concentration ratio was not very different between two mixtures in terms of gastric motility except a couple of ratio. In conclusion, the aqua-acupuncture is a promising way to control the gastric activity for better medical purposes and the gallbladder of pig was assessed as a prospective one for making a liquid medicine.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.82-85
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• 2022

Traditionally, most cases of nicotine poisoning have been due to ingestion of nicotine pesticides. However, the increasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has resulted in both intentional and unintentional exposure to concentrated liquid nicotine or "e-liquid" leading to an increase in nicotine poisoning cases. However, fatalities following the ingestion of the e-liquid are extremely rare. We report a rare case of cardiac arrest and severe encephalopathy following the intentional ingestion of e-liquid. We present the case of a 20-year-old woman who intentionally ingested liquid nicotine intended for e-cigarette use. She was found in asystole and experienced a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after undergoing approximately 46 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Her plasma nicotine levels were >500 ng/ml. Despite aggressive supportive care, she was found to have encephalopathy consistent with severe anoxic brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging. In recent times, there have been some reports of deaths following liquid nicotine ingestion. Our case illustrates the potential for fatal nicotine toxicity from ingestion of e-cigarettes.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2017

액상소화제의 법랑질 부식능을 알아보기 위하여 마트에서 쉽게 구입할 수 있는 2종의 액상소화제와 약국에서 판매하는 1종의 액상소화제 그리고 대조군으로 생수를 선정하였다. 음료의 pH와 적정산도를 측정하고, 시편을 제작하여 음료에 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30분을 침지한 후 나타나는 양상을 표면 미세 경도계로 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 대조군인 생수를 제외한 모든 액상소화제의 pH가 4.0 이하로 나타났으며 위청수에서 $2.93{\pm}0.00$으로 가장 낮았다. pH 5.5로 변환하는 데 필요한 적정산도 또한 위청수에서 1.27 ml로 가장 높게 나타났다. 모든 액상소화제에서 침지시간이 증가함에 따라 표면경도가 감소하였으며 음료 30분 처리 후 표면 경도값은 위청수에서 $207.80{\pm}15.52$ VHN으로 가장 낮았고, 까스활명수 $216.86{\pm}4.01$, 생록천 $223.28{\pm}9.56$ 순이었다. 실험에 사용된 모든 액상소화제는 치아 법랑질에 부식을 유발하였으며, 음료처리 후에 pH가 가장 낮고 적정산도가 가장 높은 위청수에서 가장 낮은 표면 경도 값을 보여 실험에 사용된 액상소화제 중 가장 많은 법랑질 부식을 유발하였다. 따라서 액상소화제의 섭취는 법랑질표면경도를 감소시켜 치아 부식을 유발할 수 있으므로 이에 대한 대처방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2016

This short review article presents a current overview of existing publications and scientific results regarding liquid (ear) acupuncture. The injection of liquids into defined acupuncture points of the ear is not a method commonly used in the Western world. The term liquid acupuncture has different definitions, which makes understanding each definition and differentiating one from the other difficult. General terms like pharmacopuncture, homeosiniatry, and liquid acupuncture, which all describe the method of injecting different kinds of drugs into a defined body acupuncture point, are used. This article presents the history of liquid acupuncture, as well as the current scientific state of the art, from the point of view of two European researchers. Some articles are discussed and a few practical examples are presented.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : Vowels and resonant including nasals and liquid are produced with vocal folds vibration have been used for voice therapy of hyperadduction patients. This study was conducted to investigate phonatory characteristics of vowels and resonant consonants through the EGG measures from Lx. Speech studio (Laryngograph Ltd, UK). Materials and Method : 7 male adults produced sustained vowel /a/, /i/, /u/, nasals /m/, /n/, /${\eta}$/and liquid /I/ and read the sentences (1nasals-liquid sentence, 1 non-nasals-liquid sentence) and tongue-tip trill and humming. Fx(Hz), Ox(%) were obtained of vowels, nasals, liquid and each of the posterior vowel /a/ of /ma/, /na/, /la/, /ha/ with same F0(around F#165Hz) and amplitude (75${\pm}$5db). And also DFx(Hz), DQx(%), CFx(%) and CAx(%) were obtained from reading two kinds of sentences. Results : Qx(%) was the highest in /u/ of vowels, and nasal/n/ of the resonant consonants and nasals-liquid sentence was higher Qx than non-nasals-liquid sentence but significant differences were not found. Qx(%) of the posterior vowel /a/ of nasal consonants/n/ was higher than in the isolated vowel/a/ and other posterior vowel of resonant consonants and fricatives /h/. Regularity or periodicity and higher Qx were observed in the nasals-liquid sentence than non-nasals-liquid sentence in graphs of QxFx & CFx produced by Quantiative analysis. In the nasalance score, /u/vowel was significant higher among the vowels and /I/ liquid was significant lower among the resonant consonants and nasals-liquid sentence is higher than non-nasals -liquid sentence. CQ(%) was not significantly correlated with nasalance(%). Conclusion : These findings might signify resonant phonation was not correlated with nasalance.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.661-667
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• 2001

치아우식증을 예방하기 위해 당분을 포함한 음식의 사용을 조절해야 한다는 것에는 동의하지만 어쩔 수 없이 인지되지 못한 체 액체약에 포함된 형태로 공급되는 상당량의 당분이 존재한다. 당분을 포함한 액체약을 장기간 복용할 때는 우식 발생의 위험성이 증가될 수 있다. 본 연구는 경구용 액체약을 처방받는 경우를 고려하여 약제를 통한 당분의 섭취량에 대한 정보를 얻어 치아우식증의 예방에 도움을 주고자 조사를 하였다. 본 연구는 서울대병원 어린이병원에서 처방된 경구용 액체약을 조사하여 소아 환자에서 흔히 사용되는 액체약의 목록을 구하였고, 현재 국내에서 시판되고 있는 액체약을 기준으로 각 제조사에 자료를 요청하여 생산중인 액체약에서 그 속에 함유된 감미제의 종류와 함량에 대해 조사하였다. 아동에서 흔히 사용되는 액체약은 진해거담제, 암모니아혈증 치료제, 항생제, 빈혈약, 진정제, 항히스타민제, 항전간제, 비마약성진통제의 순이였다. 액체약에 함유된 감미제의 평균함량은 $52.3{\pm}22.4g/100ml$이었다. 그리고, 액체약에 함유된 감미제 중 가장 많이 사용되는 것은 백당이었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the cholesterol-lowering effect of liquid extract from Leonurus sibiricus Linne (LS). SD rats were fed atherogenic diet for 6 weeks. During the experimental period, LS liquid extract (3 g/kg and 6 g/kg) was orally given to the rats. The liver weight and levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum were significantly increased in rats fed with atherogenic diets. Oral treatment of LS liquid extract to the rats fed atherogenic diet significantly reduced the liver weights and significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased at a high dose group compared with rats fed normal diet chow. These results indicate that LS liquid extract has the potential to restore altered lipid profiles induced by cholesterol rich diets and prevent the development of atheroclerosis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Fermented Yungyo Keumeunhwa Extract External treatment Liquid on Seborrheic Dermatitis. Methods : Four Seborrheic Dermatitis patients on the face of each Diluted Yungyo Keumeunhwa Extract External treatment Liquid patch was 10 minutes. Results : The Fermented Yungyo Keumeunhwa Extract External treatment Liquid was effective on alleviation of symptoms like flare, scale, uredo and pricking on Seborrheic Dermatitis. Conclusions : The result indicate that Fermented Yungyo Keumeunhwa Extract External treatment Liquid has an available effect on Seborrheic Dermatitis, and authors consider that the additional clinical studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of monotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7885-7889
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• 2014

Background: Activating mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) could predict response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the detection of EGFR mutation is frequently challenging in clinical practice for the lack of tumor tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of performing EGFR mutation testing on various types of liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples. Materials and Methods: A total of 434 liquid-based cytology samples were collected from March 2010 and November 2013. Among them, 101 with diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma had paired surgically resected specimens. The ADx Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ADx-ARMS) was used to determine EGFR mutation status both in LBC and resected samples. Results: All liquid-based cytology samples were adequate for EGFR mutation analysis. The mutation rate was 50.5% in the 434 NSCLC patients with LBC samples and the incidence rates of EGFR mutation were consistent among different specimens. We also detected EGFR positives in 52.5% (53/101) patients with paired histologic specimens. The concordance rate of EGFR mutation between LBC samples and paired histologic specimens was 92.1%. Conclusions: Our results suggest that liquid-based cytology samples are highly reliable for EGFR mutation testing in patients with NSCLC.