• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.337-341
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• 2012

Different from humans, who have a continuous dentition of teeth, mice have only three molars and one incisor separated by a toothless region called the diastema in the hemi mandibular arch. Although tooth buds form in the embryonic diastema, they regress and do not develop into teeth. In this study, we evaluated the proteins that modulate the diastema formation through comparative analysis with molar-forming tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) proteome analysis. From the comparative and semi-quantitative proteome analysis, we identified 147 up- and 173 down-regulated proteins in the diastema compared to the molar forming proteins. Based on this proteome analysis, we selected and evaluated two candidate proteins, EMERIN and RAB7A, as diastema tissue specific markers. This study provides the first list of proteins that were detected in the mouse embryonic diastema region, which will be useful to understand the mechanisms of tooth development.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.113.1-113.1
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• 2011

PEMS (printed electro-mechanical system) is fabricated by means of various printing technologies. Passive and active compo-nents in 2D or 3D such as conducting lines, resistors, capacitors, inductors and TFT(Thin Film Transistor), which are printed withfunctional materials, can be classified in this category. And the issue of PEMS is applied to a R2R process in the manu-facturing process. In many electro-devices, the vacuum process is used as the manufacturing process. However, the vacuum process has a problem, it is difficult to apply to a continuous process such as a R2R(roll to roll) printing process. In this paper, we propose an ESD (electro static deposition) printing process has been used to apply an organic solar cell of thin film forming. ESD is a method of liquid atomization by electrical forces, an electrostatic atomizer sprays micro-drops from the solution injected into the capillary with electrostatic force generated by electric potential of about several tens kV. ESD method is usable in the thin film coating process of organic materials and continuous process as a R2R manufacturing process. Therefore, we experiment the thin films forming of PEDOT:PSS layer and active layer which consist of the P3HT:PCBM. The organic solar cell based on a P3HT/PCBM active layer and a PEDOT:PSS electron blocking layer prepared from ESD method shows solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 1.42% at AM 1.5G 1sun light illumination, while 1.86% efficiency is observed when the ESD deposition of P3HT/PCBM is performed on a spin-coated PEDOT:PSS layer.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.633-637
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• 1994

A bacterial strain KSM-35 producing maltotetraose forming amylase was isolated from compost and identified as Streptomyces based on its morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics. The amylase from Streptomyces sp. KSM-35 culture filtrate was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by the liquid chromatographic procedures using DEAE-Toyo pearl and sephadex G-100 with 27.1% activity recovery. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 50,000 and the isoelectric point 4.3. The main product by the amylase from soluble starch was maltotetraose which accounted for 56% of all the oligosaccharides detected after 26 hrs of reaction. Maltose (20%o) and maltotriose (16%) were the next important byproducts while glucose and maltopentaose were detected as traces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.837-842
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• 1995

Hot red pepper(Capsicum annum L.) has been extensively used as a spicy food additive and preservative in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary hot red pepper powder on humoral immune response in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and fed experimental diets containing 0, 2, 5, 10% hot red pepper powder for 27 days. All groups were immunized with sheep red blood cells. In order to measure the immune response, plaque-forming cell number, agglutination titer, and serum antibody level were measured. Tissue ascorbic acid contents were also determined by high-performance liquid chromatogrphy. There was an increased plaque-forming cell number, agglutination titer, and serum IgG level in the groups supplemented with hot red pepper powder as compared to control. Tissure ascorbic acid contents in the hot pepper powder supplemented group were higher than those of control. The results suggest that the dietary hot red pepper powder enhances humoral immune response in rats, indicating that the hot pepper contains biological response modifier.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.1602-1608
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• 2007

The composites were fabricated, respectively, using 61[vol.%] SiC-39[vol.%] $TiB_2$ and using 61[vol.%] SiC-39[vol.%] $ZrB_2$ powders with the liquid forming additives of 12[wt%] $Al_2O_3+Y_2O_3$ by hot pressing annealing at $1650[^{\circ}C]$ for 4 hours. Reactions between SiC and transition metal $TiB_2$, $ZrB_2$ were not observed in this microstructure. The result of phase analysis of composites by XRD revealed SiC(6H, 3C), $TiB_2$, $ZrB_2$ and $YAG(Al_5Y_3O_{12})$ crystal phase on the Liquid-Phase-Sintered(LPS) $SiC-TiB_2$, and $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite. $\beta\rightarrow\alpha-SiC$ phase transformation was occurred on the $SiC-TiB_2$ and $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite. The relative density, the flexural strength and Young's modulus showed the highest value of 98.57[%], 249.42[MPa] and 91.64[GPa] in $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite at room temperature respectively. The electrical resistivity showed the lowest value of $7.96{\times}10^{-4}[\Omega{\cdot}cm]$ for $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite at $25[^{\circ}C]$. The electrical resistivity of the $SiC-TiB_2$ and $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite was all positive temperature coefficient resistance (PTCR) in the temperature ranges from $25[^{\circ}C]$ to $700[^{\circ}C]$. The resistance temperature coefficient of composite showed the lowest value of $1.319\times10^{-3}/[^{\circ}C]$ for $SiC-ZrB_2$ composite in the temperature ranges from $100[^{\circ}C]$ to $300[^{\circ}C]$ Compositional design and optimization of processing parameters are key factors for controlling and improving the properties of SiC-based electroconductive ceramic composites.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.306-309
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• 2007

PXLM(Phosphor based x-ray light modulator) has a combined structure by phosphor, photoconductor, and liquid crystal and it can realize x-ray image of high resolution in clinical diagnosis area. In this study, we fabricated a photoconductor and investigated electrical and optical properties to confirm application possibility of radiator detector of PXLM structure. As photoconductor, amorphous selenium(a-Se), which is used most in DR(Digital radiography) of direct conversion method, was used and for formation of thin film, it was formed as $20{\mu}m-thick$ by using thermal vacuum evaporation system. For a produced a-Se film, through XRD(X-ray diffraction) and SEM(Scanning electron microscope), we investigated that amorphous structure was uniformly established and through optical measurement, for visible light of 40 $0\sim630nm$, it had absorption efficiency of 95 % and more. After fabricated a-Se film on the top of ITP substrate, hybrid structure was manufactured through forming $Gd_2O_3:Eu$ phosphor of $270{\mu}m-thick$ on the bottom of the substrate. As the result to confirm electrical property of the manufactured hybrid structure, in the case of appling $10V/{\mu}m$, leakage current of $2.5nA/cm^2$ and x-ray sensitivity of $7.31nC/cm^2/mR$ were investigated. Finally, we manufactured PXLM structure combined with hybrid structure and liquid crystal cell of TN(Twisted nematic) mode and then, investigated T-V(Transmission vs. voltage) curve of external light source for induced x-ray energy. PXLM structure showed a similar optical response with T-V curve that common TN mode liquid crystal cell showed according to electric field increase and in appling $50\sim100V$, it showed linear transmission efficiency of $12\sim18%$. This result suggested an application possibility of PXLM structure as radiation detector.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 2000

For the micropropagation, node explants of cassava were cultured in liquid MS medium with various concentrations of cytokinins on a rotary shaker (100 rpm) for 2 weeks. The adventitious roots and shoots from the explants were differentiated more efficiently in liquid medium than in solid. But root formation was not inhibited in medium with BAP and kinetin at low concentration (＞0.05 mg 1/sup -1/), while in medium added with BAP and zeatin at high level (＜0.25 mg 1/sup -1/), it was inhibited by callus forming on cut end of the cuttings. However, all of plantlets grown in liquid medium for more than 2 weeks showed symptoms of hyperhydricity. The plantlets grown in liquid medium were transferred into culture bottles filled with fine sand or artificial soil (pitmoss：perlite：vermiculite, 1：1：1 v/v) wetted with half strength of Knop's solution. After transplanted to culture bottles, some of vitriscent leaves were defoliated and new leaves were normally formed from shoot apex. Most of plantlets (＞95%) were hardened-off successfully only in culture bottles with fine sand, and grew into 3-5 cm seedlings possessing 4-6 nodes after 4 weeks. Thus, the mass propagation of cassava on medium containing cytokinin could be established based on the suspension culture using node explants.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.478-485
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• 2014

This study is to form the self assembly of cubic crystalline phase to penetrate into the skin epidermis. The various performance synthesized diglyceryl phytylacetate (DGPA) having hydroxyl group (-OH) and 4 methyl chains with phytyl group was carried out as an amphoteric lipid such as emulsifying power, self assembly. Emulsifying activity of DGPA was very stabilized on only 1% of small content, it could make a W/O emulsion containing high internal phase incorporated with water. Cubic liquid crystal structure with DGPA on three-phase diagram was formed, when mixed DGPA, dimethicone (2CS), and water. Through three-phase diagram forming the cubic liquid crystal area, hexagonal structure zone, and mixing water phase and hexagonal structure area, reversed micelle area were respectively certified. Its structure was proved by the SAXS (small angled x-ray scattering) analysis. As an application, formation of cubosome containing 10% of magnesium ascorbylphosphate and 5% of pyridoxine tris-hexyldecanoate was encapsulated. Occlusive effect of cubosome had above 1.7 times better than reversed micelle. From using poloxamer of dispersing agent, phase structure recovered from W/O emulsion to cubic liquid crystal phase when storage in $33^{\circ}C$ incubator. Therefore, our this study is expected to be as epidermal-dermal skin absorbers in skin care cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries as raw materials to form a cubic crystal phase through a more in-depth research to DGPA having amphoteric lipid property.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1559-1562
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• 1999

We formed $SiO_2:F$ films by low-temperature process called Liquid Phase Deposition(LPD) and investigated its electrical and physical properties. Because of the use of room-temperature and no special vacuum apparatus for forming $SiO_2:F$ films, this technique can have some advantages related with the application to dielectric interlayer for multilevel structure in ULSI devices. The growth rate 100nm/hr was obtained at the growth solution of 2.5mol/l. The P-etch rate showed a similar or better tendency compared with $SiO_2$ films formed by CVD, Sputter, E-beam evaporator etc.. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed that the contained fluorine atoms exist uniform throughout the formed $SiO_2$ films. The Scanning Electron Microscope images showed that LPD-$SiO_2$ films could be stably grown on silicon substrates and the good step-coverage could also be obtained, which indicates that the LPD-$SiO_2$ films have some possibility of the application to planarization and interlayer dielectric films which are vitally necessary to achieve the multilevel interconnection in ULSI. The I-V characteristics has some distinct differences according to the concentration of growth solution.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the management characteristics and growth performance of L. edodes from the cooling stage to incubation. Bags of different heights and weights are available for bagging. When the medium size of $17{\times}13cm$ was used and the size of the inoculation hole was changed from 1/3 to 2/3, the browning period was shortened to 30 days. Mycelial growth was evaluated according to the cooling temperature after sterilization. It was observed to be the highest at 122 mm/15 days at $10^{\circ}C$ and 114 mm/15 days and 117 mm/15 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The contamination rate of the sawdust media before inoculation was measured as 0, $4.5{\times}10$, $1.3{\times}10^2$, $4.0{\times}10^3cfu$ at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $24^{\circ}C$ respectively. The average of $1.6{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (cfu) of microorganisms was observed in the sawdust that had been piled for six months outdoors. In summer, the sawdust has to be used immediately after mixing. The sterilized medium had an average of $4{\times}10^3cfu$ of microorganisms at $24^{\circ}C$ and $1.3{\times}10^2cfu$ at $15^{\circ}C$. After 15 days of inoculation in vitro, the growth conditions of the sawdust was the best at 132 mm, followed by grain and liquid. When inoculated with liquid spawn, the moisture content of the substrate should be adjusted between 50% and 55% in advance.