• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2008

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is very difficult to obtain stable production of qualified ginseng roots because of variable stresses in soil environments. High salt concentrations in the ginseng nursery soil environment of Korea is one of important reducing factors for the stable production of quality ginseng. These studies were accomplished to identify the growth rate and production of ginsenoside from ginseng hairy root against NaCI. In the MS liquid culture, the highest contents and productivity of ginsenosides were appeared at 4 week after onset of the treatment of 0.1 M NaCI. And 0.24 M NaCI was more effective on the growth of ginseng hairy root under light condition than dark condition. Plants generally produce secondary metabolites in nature as a defense mechanism against pathogenic and insect attack. In this study, NaCI acts as a kind of stress as well as elicitor for production of ginsenosides.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 2010

A diesel-degrading bacterium, Gordonia sp. SD8, was isolated from soil contaminated with petroleum, and its diesel degradation was characterized in a soil as well as a liquid culture system. SD8 could grow in the mineral salt medium supplemented with diesel as a sole carbon and energy source. The maximum specific growth rate ($0.67{\pm}0.05\;d^{-1}$) and diesel degradation rate ($1,727{\pm}145$ mg-TPH $L^{-1}\;d^{-1}$) of SD8 showed at 20,000 mg-TPH $L^{-1}$ and $30^{\circ}C$, and then this bacterium could degrade high strength of diesel of 40,000 mg-TPH $L^{-1}$. The residual diesel concentration in the inoculated soil with SD8 was 3,724 mg-TPH kg-dry $soil^{-1}$ after 17 days, whereas the diesel concentration in the non-inoculated soil was $8,150{\pm}755$ mg-TPH kg-dry $soil^{-1}$. These results indicate that Gordonia sp. SD8 can serve as a promising microbial resource for the bioremediaion of contaminated soil with petroleum hydrocarbons including diesel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1068-1075
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• 2001

Effect of soybean-curd whey on the dongchimi fermentation was investigated by measuring physicochemical and sensory characteristics during fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$. Dongchimi was prepared with various levels (0, 2, 5, and 10%) of soybean-curd whey. During fermentation, whereas salt concentrations of dongchimi liquid (1.1 ~ 2.0%) were similar among treatments, greater decrease in pH, but greater increase of total acidity, reducing sugar content, number of lactic acid bacteria and turbidity were observed in dongchimi with soybean-curd whey than those of control from the 2nd to the 9th day of fermentation. But at the 16th day of fermentation, acidity, turbidity and number of lactic acid bacteria of dongchimi with soybean-curd whey were similar to those of control. Reducing sugar content of soybean-curd whey addition groups maintained higher than that of control. The Hunter color L value decreased gradually and that of dongchimi with soybean-curd whey was lower than that of control. b value of control increased, but soybean-curd whey addition groups decreased during fermentation. Hardness and fracturability, determined by texture analyser, were higher in soybean-curd whey addition groups than control. Sensory evaluation showed that the scores of turbidity, sweet taste, savory taste, hardness and over-all preference were significantly higher in soybean-curd whey addition groups than control (p<0.05) ; the highest with 5% soybean-curd whey addition followed by 2% addition. dongchimi with 5% soybean-curd whey addition was the most preferable one with the score of 6.5.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2003

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of turnip Donchimi prepared with Chinese(DC), Korean(DK) and European origin(DE) were analyzed during fermentation at $0^{\circ}C$. Salt concentrations of Dongchimi liquid were around 1.3% during fermentation. The pH, the total acidity, Lactobacilli number and turbidity were observed during fermentation of Dongchmi. DC was fermented the most rapidly among three based on the acidity, turbidity and lactic acid bacteria number. DC maintained higher hardness in textural properties during fermentation compared to DE, although it was evaluated lower scores of appearance in sensory test, and less Hunter color a value and anthocyanin content, compared to DK or DE. DK showed the highest in anthocyanin content, Hunter color a value, and hardness. Sensory evaluation showed that the scores of color, hardness, and overall preference of Donchimi were high in the order of DK>DC>DE. Score of overall preference of turnip Dongchimi was the highest with 6.7(10 cm line scale) in DK at the 40th day of fermentation, the optimum ripening time, but the lowest with 3.5 in DE.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 2014

To examine the physiological effects of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) leaf, the bioavailable compounds in broccoli leaf extract, and its in vitro neuroprotective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress were examined in this study. The chloroform fraction of broccoli leaf extract had the highest total phenolic content of all the fraction than others, and the highest 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation resulting in $H_2O_2$-treated in PC12 cells was significantly lower when the chloroform fraction was present in the medium compared to that in PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ alone. In a cell viability assay performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), the chloroform fraction showed protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in chloroform fraction of broccoli leaf.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1415-1419
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the safety of greenhouse horticultures, a large number sample sources were collected, and the fungi of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were isolated from them. Indirect competitive ELISA method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were applied to confirm the ochratoxin A producing abilities of isolated strains. One hundred ninety two sample sources including soil, pepper, strawberry and water mellon were collected for fungi isolation from western Gyeongnam, Andong and Gyeongbok. One hundred forty two strains of Aspergillus sp. and one hundred fifty three strains of Penicillium sp. were isolated respectively from them. The isolated fungi were tested for the production of ochratoxin A by ELISA. After culture of them on the modified sucrose low salt medium at $28^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, we found that five strains of Penicillium sp. produced ochratoxin A at the levels of $0.084{\sim}2.128\;{\mu}g/mL$. Among them, #129-2 strain isolated from water melon, showed the highest level of ochratoxin A as $2.128\;{\mu}g/mL$ broth. However, all of isolated Aspergillus sp. didn't produce ochratoxin A. When we compared the results of ELISA method with HPLC method, ochratoxin A production of each isolated strains showed very similar levels.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2000

To remove phosphate accumulated in the soil and water, Acinetobacter lwoffi PO8 possessing a high ability to accumulate phosphate was isolated from a active sludge. Bacterium was cultured in the liquid medium containing $150\;{\mu}g/mL$ of phosphate at $30^{\circ}C$ in different culture conditions to examine intracellular phosphate uptake. The initial pH in the range of $7.5{\sim}8.5$ was effective on the growth and phosphate uptake of the strain. Glycerol and arabinose used as a carbon sources showed 93 and 91% the phsphate uptake, respectively. Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium salt such as $NH_4NO_3$ and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ was effectively utilized on the phosphate uptake compared with amino compounds. The rate of phosphate uptake of $NH_4NO_3$, and $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, was 95 and 96%, respectively The growth and Phosphate uptake ability in the strain were significantly promoted when metal ions were added in the medium; $Co^{2+}$, however, was not utilized by the strain. The capacity of phosphate uptake was enhanced to $10{\sim}20%$ when arginine, methionine, or lysine was added. Using $^{32}P$ to examine the uptake Pattern of intracellular phosphate, experiment result showed that polyphosphate was largely found in the fraction of intracellular inorganic phosphate of Acinetobacter lwoffi PO8.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4627-4634
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide is one of the main causes of global warming. In order to develop a novel absorbent, the characteristics of amino acid salts solution as a solvent for $CO_2$ capture in continuous process were investigated. The cost of $CO_2$ capture is almost 70% of total cost of CCS (carbon dioxide capture and storage). In the carbon dioxide capture process, process maintenance costs consist of the absorbent including the absorption, regeneration, degradation, and etc. It is very important to study the characteristics of absorbent in continuous process. In this study, we have investigated the properties of potassium L-lysine (PL) for getting scale-up factors in continuous process. To obtain optimum condition for removal efficiency of $CO_2$ in continuous process by varying liquid-gas (L/G) ratio, concentration of $CO_2$ and absorbent (PL) were tested. The stable condition of absorber and regenerator (L/G) ratio is 3.5. In addition, PL system reveals the highest removal efficiency of $CO_2$ with 3.5 of L/G and 10.5 vol% $CO_2$ ($1.5Nm^3/h$).

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2001

Cultivation area of the plastic film-house has been continuously increased with the increase of consumers' income. Intensive land use without fallowing or crop rotation caused severe problem such as salt accumulation in soils and in turn retarded growth and low productivity. This study was carried out to solve them derived from longterm intensive farming practices. Seven farmers who are practicing plastic film-house cultivation were recommended for case study by municipal government and selected for their excellency of cultivation and soil management. The cultivation periods of these systems were in the range of 5 to 40 years in the regions mainly located in alluvial soil cultivated with cucumber, tomato and red pepper. The soils texture of the excellent farmers' fields were silt loam or sandy loam, ranged from 7 to 15 percents of clay contents. Soil bulk density, depth of plowing layer and soil aggregates contents of the farmers' soils were 0.89, 23.1 cm, 61.6% whereas those in neighboring soils were 1.10, 17.8 cm, 54.2 %, respectively. And pH, OM and $NO_3-N$ of the farmers' soils also were better than those of neighboring soils. There was no difference in population densities of nematode between the good farmers' and neighboring soils, but actinomyces and Fusarium densities of recommended farmers' soils were better than neighboring soils. The major farming practices by the good farmers were characterized by deep plowing with flooding, amendment of crude organic matter, and reduction of chemical fertilizer application before transplanting, and also drip irrigation and liquid manure application after planting. They also conducted solar sterilization with or without flooding, removal of plastic films during rainy days and culturing rice or corn as rotation crops to avoid the problems mentioned above.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 1998

An obligately methylotrophic bacterium which produces extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) was isolated through methanol-enrichment culture technique. The isolate was aerobic, nonmotile, and gram negative rod and exibited catalase, but no oxidase, activity. Plasmid, carotenoid, and poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid were not found. The guanine plus cytosine content of DNA was 52-56%. The isolate was found to grow only on methanol and monomethylamine. Growth was optimal ($t_d=2.4h$) at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5 in a mineral medium containing 0.5% (v/v) methanol, 25 mM phosphate, and 0.212% ammonium sulfate. Methanol was assimilated through the ribulose monophosphate pathway. Maximun amount of EPS was produced in cells growing at the mid-stationary growth phase at $30^{\circ}C$ in a mineral medium (PH 6.5) containing 1.0% (v/v) methanol in the CIN ratio of 54.7. Thin-layer chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that the EPS was composed of glucose and galactose. EPS which was not treated with ethanol (Pbe) exhibited stable viscosity under various concentrations of salts and temperatures hut showed high viscosity at low pH. EPS precipitated with ethanol (Pae) was found to be more stable in viscosity than the Pbe at various salt concentrations, temperatures, and pH. The Pae also exhibited higher viscosity than the Pbe and xanthan gum. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lyophilized Pbe and Pae have a multi-layered structure and a structure of thick fibers, respectively.