• Food Industry
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• s.54
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• pp.49-54
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• 1980

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.393-397
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• 1990

The contents of the several antinutritional factors and lipoxygenase activity of 19 soybean varieties recommended for cultivation in Korea were analyzed. The ranges of raffinose and stachyose contents, which are the flatulence factors, were $0.74{\sim}1.58%\;d.b.\;and\;3.34{\sim}5.30%d.b.$, respectively and the total amount of these sugars was high in the varieties of Hill, Baekun and Jangbaek. The contents of trypsin inhibitor and phytate phosphorus in the soybean varieties ranged from 21.2 to 37.0 TI/g, d.b. and from 337 to 605mg%, d.b. respectively. The lipoxygenase activity of $163.6{\sim}403.5unit$ was shown in the 19 soybean varieties, and Padal, Jangbaek and S-133 were the varieties with the higest activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to investigate the application of lipoxygenase(LOX)-deficient soybean to food processing by evaluation of processing and sensory characteristics. LOX activity of some processed products of soybean was decreased as the order of whole soy flour, defatted flour, isolated protein. Particularly the decrement of LOX activity of Hwangkeumkong having all L-1, L-2 and L-3 was so high in defatting and isolation of protein. LOX activities of cotyledon of Jinpumkong sprouts were so high. When soy milks were prepared with LOX-deficient soybeans, its beany flavor was evaluated to be weaker than that of Hwangkeumkong. And soybean sprout of Jinpumkong 2 showed less beany flavor but hypocotyl elongation was poor. The beany flavor of ice cream prepared with defatted flour of Jinpumkong 2 didn't make a significant difference from that of ice cream made with defatted milk powder. We suggest that LOX-deficient soybean may have on relatively good oganoleptic properties of processed foods, so it takes advantage of food processing.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1091-1095
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• 2009

The aim of this study investigated the fluctuations of 3 characters from 3 ecotypes [early ripening (ER), middle ripening (MR), and late ripening (LR)] of 20 Korean brown rice cultivars in different storage systems [time: 12 and 24 weeks, temperature: low ($10^{\circ}C$) and room ($25^{\circ}C$)]. With increase of storage time and temperature, lipoxygenase activity, and fat acidity increased, whereas germination rate was reduced. ER cultivars exhibited the highest lipoxygenase activity of $35.49{\pm}2.46$ unit/mg protein during 24 weeks storage at $25^{\circ}C$, followed by LR ($32.73{\pm}1.33$) and MR ($32.66{\pm}1.62$) cultivars. The amounts of fat acidity also were observed by the same order (ER: $20.40{\pm}2.12$>LR: $19.68{\pm}1.86$>MR: $19.64{\pm}1.35$ mg KOH/100 g). Germination rate slightly decreased with increase of time and temperature (MR>LR>ER), but MR and LR cultivars showed the most significant changes (ER: $60.90{\pm}23.47%$, MR: $32.66{\pm}13.95%$, and LR: $32.53{\pm}5.87%$). On the basis of above results, MR cultivars were evaluated the highest quality, because high lipoxygenase activity, high fat acidity, and low germination rate have deteriorated in quality and generated off-odor. Thus, MR cultivars might be very important sources in food processing and stored dietary supplement aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1992

Starch solid model system was employed to investigate the effect of lipoxygenase, ${\beta}-carotene$, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and water activity on the oxidation of linoleic acid. The rate of oxidation of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase was increased with the increase in water activity, Addition of ${\beta}-carotene$ and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ to this system has been shown to inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ was more effective antioxidant than ${\beta}-carotene$. However, an increase in the concentration of ${\beta}-carotene$ was found to have a strong antioxidant effect in the solid model system. And also the antioxidative action of ${\beta}-carotene$ was increased with increasing water activity in this system.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory action of $2-hydroxyethyl-{\beta}-undecenate$ (HPS) purified from Cumin (Cuminum cymium L.) seed against periodontitis. From the study in which human leukocyte was employed to detect the inhibiting effects of 5-lipokygenase and cyclooxygenase, enzymes generating carriers of infection like $LTB_4$ and PGs, as well as of collagenase and elastase, organ-destroying enzymes, following conclusions could be drawn: HPS was found to inhibit leukotrien $B_4$ biosynthesis by stimulating more than 97% of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) with addition of $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ when $IC_{50}$ was set at $2\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$. Ninety-two percent of enzyme activation turned out to be inhibited when $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ was added in a test to prove inhibiting effects of HPS against activation of PMNL 5-lipoxygenase from homogeneous humans and purified 5-lipoxygenase on the market. Besides, $IC_{50}$ for enzyme activation was valued at $2.5\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$, while the value of $IC_{50}$ for purified 5-lipoxygenase was $2.3\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$. The $IC_{50}$ values of COX-activated leukocyte and purified collagenase were $5.1\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$ and $2.3\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;M$, respectively. Moreover, the value of $IC_{50}$ for activation of leukocyte collagenase was $2\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;M$, whereas that for purified collagenase was $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$. In case of leukocyte elastase, addition of $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ inhibited its activation by 66%. In case of purified one, however, activation of enzyme was inhibited by 25% with addition of $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$. Furthermore, the $IC_{50}$ value for activation of leukocyte elastase was revealed to be $7.5\;{\times}\;10^{-3}\;M$. From the virulence test with human gingiva cell, it was shown that, on the second day of cultivation, 47.83% of the cell had been activated when HPS was added by $5\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$. Even the addition of HPS by $1\;{\times}\;10^{-2}\;M$ featured 68.53% of cell activation, suggesting relatively strong toxicity of the substance against gingiva cell.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.747-758
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• 2002

The skin displays a highly active metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Dietary deficiency of linoleic acid (LA), an 18-carbon (n-6) PUFA, results in characteristic scaly skin disorder and excessive epidermal water loss. Although arachidonic acid (AA), a 20-carbon (n6) PUFA, is metabolized via cyclooxygenase pathway into predominantly prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$, the metabolism of AA via the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) pathway, which is very active in skin epidermis and catalyzes the transformation of M into predominantly 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE). Additionally, the 15-LOX also metabolizes the 18-carbon LA into 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13S-HODE), respectively. Interestingly, 15-LOX catalyzes the transformation of $dihomo-{\gamma}-linolenic$ acid (DGLA), derived from dietary gamma-linolenic acid, to 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15S-HETrE). These monohydroxy fatty acids are incorporated into the membrane inositol phospholipids which undergo hydrolytic cleavage to yield substituted-diacylglycerols such as 13S-HODE-DAG from 13S-HODE and 15S-HETrE-DAG from 15S-HETrE. These substituted-monohydroxy fatty acids seemingly exert anti-inflammatory/antiproliferative effects via the modulation of selective protein kinase C as well as on the upstream/down-stream nuclear MAP-kinase/AP-1/apoptotic signaling events.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.447-450
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• 2002

Previously, a methanol extract from seeds of Paeonia lactiflora was shown to have a potent inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and soybean lipoxygenase (SLO). Seven stilbenes, trans-resveratrol-4-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside, trans resveratrol, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin, cis-$\varepsilon$-viniferin, gnetin H, suffruticosol A and B were isolated from the seeds as active principles for inhibition of the enzymatic activity. Among them, the resveratrol trimer, gnetin H exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and SLO, respectively. Additionally, the resveratrol dimers, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and cis-$\varepsilon$-viniferin exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the two oxidative enzymes. Meanwhile, three other stilbene derivatives, such as trans-resveratrol, suffruticosol A and suffruticosol B had also weak inhibition activity. The least inhibitory activity was observed in transresveratrol-4-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside. These results suggest that resveratrol dimers and trimer in the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora are potentially useful therapeutic agents against pathological disorders such as hyperpigmentation and inflammation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 1993

Bioactivity of the extract from various processed garlic was evaluated based on the inhibition of lipoxygenase(LPO), and the effect of some stabilizers on the bioactivity was investigated. Water, ethanol or chloroform extract of 30 min boiled garlic showed 75%, 76% or 70% inhibition, respectively, compared to extracts of fresh garlic. In pickled garlic, LPO inhibition decreased gradually during storage. Chloroform extract of 40 day-stored pickled garlic inhibited LPO by 77%, and even on 60th day storage it still retained inhibitory effect of 73%, compared to that of fresh garlic. Meanwhile, the powdered (freeze-dried) garlic showed more bioactivity(80%) than the other processed garlics, and moreover, the jrreversible/unstable components seem to be stabilized by freeze-drying. The optimum pH for stabilization of bioactive components in garlic macerate was pH 3 for 48 hr incubation and pH 11 for 6 hr incubation. In addition, the effect of NaCl was not so great, although but maximal stabilization was observed at 150 mM. Stabilizing effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol was markedly great, and at 6mM it showed 308% stabilizing effect after 48hr incubation. More stabilizing effect was observed at lower concentrations of ascorbic acid($\leq$0.6mM) than higher concentrations. The stabilizing effect of soybean oil was found to be remarkable only during initial period(6 hr) of incubation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

Effects of Panax ginseng on allergic reactions were studied uslng various in vivo and in vitro experimental models such as 48-hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, mediators-induced skin reactions, histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells, and lipoxygenase assay . In all of anti-allergic experiments we conducted, ginseng components (50% ethanol extract or ginseng total saponin or ginsenosides) extracted from Korean red ginseng, did not show significant anti-allergic actions. In 48-hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and mediators-induced skin reactions, 50% ethanol extract did not suppress hypersensitivity reactions. Total saponin, 50% ethanol extract, and 8 major ginsenosides did not show inhibitory effects on lipoxygeanse activity. Ginseng total saponin did not inhibit histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. All of the ginseng components mentioned above were also tested on RBL-2H3 cells, but none of them inhibited hexosaminidase release from this cell line. These results suggest that Panax ginseng does not have effects on allergic reactions at the level of 50% ethanol extract or total saponin used. All of 8 major saponin components tested ($Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, $Rg_1$, $Rg_2$), did not inhibit lipoxygenase activity and degranulation events.