• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2012

Obesity is associated with numerous diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer. Inhibition of adipogenesis is a effectite strategy to anti-obesity. In this study, Galla Chinenisis extract (GCE) inhibited adipocyte differentiation in OP9 cells. There was no cytotoxicity when cells were treated with GCE in designated time intervals, unaffected by concentration. In this cell model, increases in fat storage were inhibited by 2 days treatment with various concentration of GCE, visualized by Oil red-O, BODIPY and DAPI staining. To understand the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the effects of GCE were examined on the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis by real-time PCR. In the progress of adipocyte differentiation with GCE-treated, the mRNA level of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), computer-assisted axial tomography/enhancer binding protein-alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) were decreased. Also, GCE treatment inhibited increase of mRNA expression, which is adipogenic factor such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), hormone-sensitve lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and adipocyte-specific lipid binding protein (aP2). Therefore, the result of this study suggest that Galla Chinenisis extract can prevent adipocyte differentiation and GCE may have a great potential as a novel anti-adipogenic agent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.569-575
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrP) on fat deposition, genetic expression and enzymatic activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Methods: Two hundred forty one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 Ross broiler chicks per replicate. The normal control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg CrP respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Results: Added CrP in the basal diet decreased the abdominal fat, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width; 0.2 mg/kg CrP significantly decreased the fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymatic (p<0.05); acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymatic activity decreased in all CrP groups (p<0.05); hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) enzymatic activity also decreased, but the change was not significant (p>0.05); 0.4 mg/kg CrP group significantly decreased the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymatic activity. FAS mRNA expression increased in all experimental groups, and the LPL mRNA expression significantly increased in all experimental groups (p<0.05), but not 0.2 mg/kg CrP group. Conclusion: The results indicated that adding CrP in basal diet decreased the abdominal fat percentage, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width, decreased the enzymatic activity of FAS, ACC, LPL and HSL and increased the genetic expression levels of FAS and LPL.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.615-619
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• 2013

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in the developed world and has become a global epidemic in recent years. In this study, Zanthoxylum planispinum extracts (ZPE) were evaluated on the effect on inhibition of pancreatic lipase and lipid metabolism by oral treatment for 2 months in high-fed diet obesity-induced Balb/c mice. The ZPE showed pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ of $0.3{\mu}g/ml$. No significant difference in feed intake was observed among the groups. The high-fat diet-treated Z. planispinum extracts groups (HFD+ZPE, 100mg/kg) significantly decreased body weight compared to the high-fat diet vehicle groups (HFD, p<0.05). The high-fat diet-treated Xenical$^{(R)}$ groups (HFD+Xenical, n=10, 30mg/kg) also showed a significant reduction of body weight compared to HFD (p<0.05). Biochemical parameters (triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) in HFD plus ZPE diet groups were significantly lower than those of the HFD groups (p<0.05). These results indicated that ZPE more effectively suppressed the effects of HFD on body fat gain with the inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.33-33
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• 2003

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)은 지방축적과 대사에 있어 중요한 효소로서 지방조직과 근육 내로의 지방산 유입을 조절하며, 여러 조직에서 합성되고, 조직 특이적인 방법으로 동물의 생리상태, 영양상태 및 발달단계에 따라 유전자 발현이 조절되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 어류의 체지방 축적과 대사과정을 이해하고 성장 및 경제형질 관련 DNA marker를 확보하기 위한 1차적인 연구로서, 한국산 선발계통 및 일본산 양식계통과 이들 두 계통간 잡종 참돔 집단을 이용하여 LPL 유전자 내의 다형성을 탐색하고 분석하였다. PCR-RFLP 분석을 실시하여 참돔 LPL 유전자 exon 2번을 포함하는 영역에서 3개의 (Msp I, Alu I 및 Hsp92II) 다형성을 확인하였고, 각 집단간 대립유전자의 빈도를 분석하였다. Exon 2번에서 관찰된 Msp I 다형성은 염기치환 (C$\longrightarrow$G)이 일어난 형태로서 아미노산 서열에는 변화가 없는 silent mutation 이었으며, 대립유전자의 빈도를 분석한 결과, 각 집단간 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. Alu I 및 Hsp92II 다형성은 intron 영역에서 발견되었으며, Alu I 다형성으로 인한 4개의 대립유전자형 중 D 대립유전자는 한국산 선발 계통과 한국산 선발계통을 포함하는 교배집단에서만 검출되었다. 이 후의 연구에서는 참돔 LPL 유전자의 exon 영역에 존재하는 다형성을 탐색하고, 형질과의 연관성 및 지방축적 기능과의 관련성 등을 분석하고자 한다.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1097-1119
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• 2018

Although elevated serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is without any doubts accepted as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the role of elevated triglycerides (TGs)-rich lipoproteins as an independent risk factor has until recently been quite controversial. Recent data strongly suggest that elevated TG-rich lipoproteins are an independent risk factor for CVD and that therapeutic targeting of them could possibly provide further benefit in reducing CVD morbidity, events and mortality, apart from LDL-C lowering. Today elevated TGs are treated with lifestyle interventions, and with fibrates which could be combined with omega-3 fatty acids. There are also some new drugs. Volanesorsen, is an antisense oligonucleotid that inhibits the production of the Apo C-III which is crucial in regulating TGs metabolism because it inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase activity but also hepatic uptake of TGs-rich particles. Evinacumab is a monoclonal antibody against angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and it seems that it can substantially lower elevated TGs levels because ANGPTL3 also regulates TGs metabolism. Pemafibrate is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator which also decreases TGs, and improves other lipid parameters. It seems that it also has some other possible antiatherogenic effects. Alipogene tiparvovec is a nonreplicating adeno-associated viral vector that delivers copies of the LPL gene to muscle tissue which accelerates the clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins thus decreasing extremely high TGs levels. Pradigastat is a novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor which substantially reduces extremely high TGs levels and appears to be promising in treatment of the rare familial chylomicronemia syndrome.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2012

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays an essential role in the regulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride levels, which have been closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Genetic studies in European have shown that LPL single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with lipid levels. However, studies about the influence of interactions between LPL SNPs and lifestyle factors have not been sufficiently performed. Here, we examine if LPL polymorphisms, as well as their interaction with lifestyle factors, influence lipid concentrations in a Korean population. A two-stage association study was performed using genotype data for SNPs on the LPL gene, including the 3' flanking region from 7,536 (stage 1) and 3,703 (stage 2) individuals. The association study showed that 15 SNPs and 4 haplotypes were strongly associated with HDLC (lowest $p=2.86{\times}10^{-22}$) and triglyceride levels (lowest $p=3.0{\times}10^{-15}$). Interactions between LPL polymorphisms and lifestyle factors (lowest $p=9.6{\times}10^{-4}$) were also observed on lipid concentrations. These findings suggest that there are interaction effects of LPL polymorphisms with lifestyle variables, including energy intake, fat intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as effects of LPL polymorphisms themselves, on lipid concentrations in a Korean population.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2015

본 연구에는 최근 항비만 소재로 연구되고 있는 건조, 미숙탱자의 물 추출물 (PF-W) 소재를 대상으로 폴리페놀 ($52.15{\pm}4.02mg/g$)과 플라보노이드 ($6.56{\pm}0.47mg/g$) 함량을 측정하고 항산화 활성과 세포독성을 시험한 후, 지방 흡수 제어 가능성을 확인하고자 lipoprotein lipase (LPL)의 억제효능을 배양배지와 세포 내의 LPL 함량, LPL mRNA 발현 그리고 LPL 효소활성측정을 통해 검토하였다. 그 결과 PF-W은 3T3-L1 adipocyte에서 LPL mRNA의 발현과 활성에는 영향이 없었으며, LPL의 분비를 억제하는 것을 알 수 있었다. PF-W의 LPL 분비억제기작을 확인하기 위해 다양한 단백질 이동 관련 유전자의 발현을 확인하였고, 그 결과 LPL의 이동과 분해에 관여하여 세포내 LPL의 활성을 조절하는 것으로 알려진 SorLA의 발현이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 조절하는 transcription factor의 발현과 세포핵으로의 이동에 PF-W가 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 PF-W를 처리함으로써 SorLA promoter 에 작용하는 $C/EBP{\beta}$의 단백질양이 세포핵에서 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 PF-W가 SorLA 유전자의 transcription factor인 $C/EBP{\beta}$의 단백질 발현을 세포핵에서 증가시킴으로써 SorLA의 발현이 증가되어 LPL의 분비억제가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었으며 이는 PF-W의 항비만 효과기전을 설명하는 기초자료를 제공하는 것이라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1963-1973
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and lipase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, intestinal morphology, small intestinal digestive enzyme activities, biochemical index of intestinal development and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 240 weaning pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight (BW) of $7.3{\pm}0.12kg$ were used in this 28-d experiment. Weaning pigs were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with 2 levels of energy (net energy = 2,470 kcal/kg for low energy diet and 2,545 kcal/kg for basal diet) and 2 levels of lipase (0 and 1.5 U/g of lipase) according to BW and sex. There were 6 replications (pens) per treatment and 10 pigs per pen (5 barrows and 5 gilts). Results: Weaning pigs fed the low energy diet had lower (p<0.05) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) throughout the experiment, apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, ether extract, and gross energy during d 0 to 14, average daily gain during d 15 to 28, lipase activity in duodenum and ileum and protein/DNA in jejunum (p<0.05), respectively. Lipase supplementation had no effect on growth performance but affected apparent nutrient digestibility (p<0.05) on d 14 and enhanced lipase activity in the duodenum and ileum and protease activity in duodenum and jejunum of pigs (p<0.05) fed the low energy diet. Lipase reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG), $NH_3$ production (p<0.05) from the feces. Conclusion: The low energy diet decreased G:F throughout the experiment and nutrient digestibility during d 0 to 14 as well as lipase activity in duodenum and ileum. Lipase supplementation increased nutrient digestibility during d 0 to 14 and exerted beneficial effects on lipase activity in duodenum and ileum as well as protease activity in duodenum and jejunum, while reduced serum LDL-C, TG and fecal $NH_3$.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2013

Obesity, an intractable metabolic disease, currently has no medical treatment without side effects, so studies have been actively carried out to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum side effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of seven Capsicum annuum L. varieties being Putgochu (Pca), Oyee gochu (Oca), Kwari putgochu (Kca), Green pepper (Gca), Yellow paprika (Yca), Red paprika (Rca) and Cheongyang gochu (Cca), were examined through the evaluation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression level in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse pre-adipocytes). After capsaicin elimination by chloroform defatting, freeze-dried powder of Cca was treated to 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity effects were examined by determining the LPL mRNA level using the RT-PCR method. Of the primary fractions, only proven fractions underwent secondary and tertiary refractionating to determine anti-obesity effects. From seven different Capsicum annuum L., there was a significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level of 50.9% in Cca treatment compared to the control group. A significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level was shown in primary fractions (Fr) 5 (36.2% decrease) and 6 (30.5% decrease) of the Cca water extracts. Due to the impurities checked by UPLC chromatography, Fr 5 and 6 were refractionated to determine the LPL mRNA expression level. Treatment of Fr 6-6 (35.8% decrease) and Fr 5-6 (35.3% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. When analyzed using UPLC, major compounds of Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 were very similar. Subsequently, we refractionated Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 to isolate the major peak for structure elucidation. Treatment of Fr 5-6-1 (26.6% decrease) and Fr 6-6-1 (29.7% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. Consequently, the fractions may have a possibility to ameliorate obesity through the decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.853-860
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of chromium (Cr), dietary crude protein (CP) level and potential interactions between these two factors on growth rate and carcass response, insulin activity and lipid metabolism in lambs. Forty-eight, 9-week-old weaned lambs (Dorper$\times$Small-tail Han sheep, mean initial body weight = $22.96kg{\pm}2.60kg$) were used in a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 ppb, Cr0; 400 ppb, Cr1; or 800 ppb, Cr2 from chromium yeast) and CP levels (157 g/d to 171 g/d for each animal, LP; or 189 g/d to 209 g/d for each animal, HP). Growth data and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the feed trial, after which the lambs were killed. Both Cr additive groups and the HP group increased final weight and average daily gain, especially the Cr1 and HP group (p<0.01). HP increased pelvic fat weight (p<0.05), fat thickness of the 10th rib (p<0.05), longissimus muscle area (p<0.01) and rate of deposition of intramuscular fat (p<0.01). Supplemental Cr decreased the rate of deposition of intramuscular fat (p<0.05). Fasting insulin level and the ratio of insulin to glucose were lower with Cr1 than other groups, but with no significant difference. Glucose concentration was not affected by any treatment. Nonesterified fatty acids increased in the Cr1 (p<0.05) and HP (p<0.05) conditions and there was a significant $Cr{\times}CP$ interaction (p<0.05). Cr1 decreased triglycerides (p<0.05) and total cholesterol (p = 0.151) and HP increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). Cr1 decreased lipoprotein lipase activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (aLPL, p<0.05) and the ratio of aLPL to lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle (mLPL, p = 0.079). mLPL and hepatic lipase (hHL) were not affected by any treatment. In the present study, Cr had limited effects on growth rate and carcass response, whereas Cr and CP had some notable effects on plasma metabolites and enzyme activities. Cr has a potential effect on energy modulation between lipid and muscle tissue. In addition, few $Cr{\times}CP$ interactions were observed.