• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.1024-1050
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• 2001

Avian spermatozoa are characterised by high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular docosatetraenoic (DTA, 22:4n-6) and arachidonic (AA, 20:4n-6) acids. As a result they are vulnerable to lipid peroxidation, which is considered to be an important factor of male infertility. Antioxidant systems are expressed in spermatozoa and seminal plasma and build three major levels of antioxidant defense. The first level is based on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which is, in conjunction with glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and metal-binding proteins, responsible for prevention of free radical formation. The second level of defence is responsible for prevention and restriction of chain reaction propagation and includes chain-breaking antioxidants such as vitamin E, ascorbic acid, glutathione and some others. The third level of antioxidant defence deals with damaged molecules, repairing or removing them from the cell and includes specific enzymes such as lipases, proteases, DNA repair enzymes etc. In the review, profiles of PUFAs and the two first lines of antioxidant defence in avian spermatozoa are characterised. Dietary manipulation of the breeder's diet (PUFA, vitamin E and selenium) as an effective means of modulating fatty acid composition and antioxidant system is also considered. Antioxidant properties of seminal plasma and efficiencies of inclusion of antioxidants into semen diluents are also characterised.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative effects of the extract of Scolopendra subspinipes which has been used mainly for detoxication in the oriental medicine and reported to have sedative action, antiinflammatory effect, antihypertensive property and immunity enhancing activity. Method: Inhibitory activities on oxygen radical generating enzymes (aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase) and increasing activities on oxygen radical scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase) were investigated. Furthermore, the content of glutathione in the mouse brain, DPPH radical scavenging activity and also anti-lipid peroxidative effects in vivo and in vitro were estimated. Results: The extract showed weak inhibitory effects on the activities of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase which are oxygen radical generating enzymes. The extract inhibited lipid peroxidation with 26.1% against control group at 500 mg/kg in vivo and with 11.2% against control group at 10 mg/kg in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, which means this drug may protect radical-induced cell damages. The extract showed dose-dependently the scavenging effect on DPPH radical with 24.8% activity at 10 mg/ml in vitro. The extract enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase, which are oxygen radical scavenging enzymes, with 28.9%, 22.3% and 23.1%, respectively at 500mg/kg in vivo. Finally, this extract strongly increased the glutathione content in the mouse barin. Conclusion: Above results indicated that Scolopendra subspinipes can be useful for the protection or treatment of some diseases caused by reactive oxygen species.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2005

Asclepias curassavica. Linn, an erect, simple (or) much branched perennial herb with a somewhat woody base, belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. It has been reported to have multiple pharmacological effect of anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, anticancer, anthelmintic and to treat piles and gonorrhoea. It is to be expected that several activities might be related to a possible antioxidant action from this plant. The hydro alcoholic extract of Asclepias curassavica was tested in vitro for its antioxidant activities, such as DPPH radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, lipid peroxidation assay, hydroxyl radical, reducing power, and total phenol content. The extract exhibited scavenging potential with $IC_{50}$ value of $8.7\;{\mu}g/ml,\;198.4\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;21.7\;{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide anion radicals. The values were found to higher than those of Vitamin-C, rutin, and curcumin, as standards. The extract showed 50% protection at the dose of $134.2\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;41.4\;{\mu}g/ml$ in lipid peroxidation as well as deoxyribose degradation, those values more to that of standard, vitamin E $(IC50\;values,\;119.2\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;32.5\;{\mu}g/ml,\;respectively)$. The reducing power of the extract depends on the concentration and amount of extract. Since a significant amount of polyphenol could be detected by the equivalent to $0.0495\;{\mu}g$ of pyrocatechol from 1 mg of extract. It can be concluded that hydro alcoholic extract of aerial part of Asclepias curassavica could be considered as potent antioxidant, which makes it suitable for the prevention of human disease.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.603-607
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• 2003

Abstract Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of proteins whose functions are still unknown. Some are proposed to have antimicrobial activities. To understand whether LTP110, a rice LTP that we previously identified from rice leaves, plays a role in the protection function against some serious rice pathogens, we investigated the antifungal and antibacterial properties of LTP110. A cDNA sequence, encoding the mature peptide of LTP110, was cloned into the Impact-CN prokaryotic expression system. The purified protein was used for an in vitro inhibition test against rice pathogens, Pyricularia oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. The results showed that LTP110 inhibited the germination of Pyricularia oryzae spores, and its inhibitory activity decreased in the presence of a divalent cation. This suggests that the antifungal activity is affected by ions in the media; LTP110 only slightly inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae. However, the addition of LTP110 to cultured Chinese hamster ovarian cells did not retard growth, suggesting that the toxicity of LTP110 is only restricted to some cell types. Its antimicrobial activity is potentially due to interactions between LTP and microbe-specific structures.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract on the experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by palmitate. Materials and Methods: To generate a cellular model of NAFLD, we used HepG2 cells, a human hepatoma cell line, treated with 0.5 mM palmitate. By this cellular model, effects of KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract were evaluated. Intracellular lipid accumulation, free radical formation, and apoptosis were detected by Nile red staining, 2',7'-dichloroflourescin diacetate(H2DCF-DA), and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)/propidium iodide(PI) staining, respectively. Some proteins related with NAFLD were determined by western blot. Results: Typical pathological features of NAFLD occurred in the cellular model. Palmitate increased the levels of intracellular lipid vacuoles, decreased cell viability, and increased apoptosis. Palmitate increased free radical formation and lipid peroxidation, too. However, KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract reduced palmitate-induced pathologic features, i.e. steatosis, free radical formation, and apoptosis. In addition, KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract suppressed palmitate-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) signaling, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, significantly reversed the palmitate-induced pathologic changes as KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract. It means that the signaling pathway other than JNK can be involved in the KHchunggan-tang mediated cellular protection of palmitate-treated Hep G2 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that KHchunggan-tang aqueous extract has hepatoprotective effects on NAFLD with combined properties in cellular steatosis, ROS production, and cytoprotection, and thus may have valuable clinical applications for treatment of this chronic liver disease.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.489-496
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• 1995

Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis(Compositae) has been used for jaundice, hepatitis, diuretic and liver cirrhosis etc. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) has been used as a model compound to study mechanisms of intrahepatic cholestasis in laboratory animals as rat and mouse. The purposes of present study are to examine pharmacological effects of Artemisia messes-schmidiana var viridis water extract(AMWE) on alterations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, protein, albumin and A/G ratio levels in serum, of histopathological appearances of liver, and that of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents. Increased serum triacylglycerol levels by ANIT were significantly decreased with AMWE. However, AMWE posttreatment aggravated ANIT-induced cholesterol increase. Serum total protein and albumin contents, and A/G ratio were decreased in all ANIT-treated groups, and there were increased compared with control by AMWE posttreatment. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 contents were decreased in either AMWE and ANIT treatment, which greatly increased with AMWE pretreatment. On the other hand, in histological findings, our results shown that ANIT induced increase of lipid droplets and widening of sinusoidal capillary and these phenomena were disappeared with AMWE treatment. In conclusion, AMWE have choleresis effect. Also, AMWE improved lipid metabolism, protection and regeneration of hepatocytes in ANIT-induced cholestasis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1031-1036
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• 2003

To certify the protective effect of herbal medicine against oxygen free radical-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity was measured using TBARS assay and Beating rate in the presence of Tongryeong-san(TRS) extracts or single constituents of this prescription. Myocardial toxicity was evaluated in neonatal rat myocardiocytes in cultures. In the present study, xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) resulted in a increase in lipid peroxidation and decreases in beating rate in cultured myocardial cells. In the effect of TRS extract, it showed the prevention from the XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity by the increases of beating rate as well as the decrease of lipid peroxidation, In the protective effect of Faeces Trogopterori(FT), Pollen Typhae(PT), Caulis Akebiae(CA) and Radix Paeoniae Rubra(PRR), all the extracts were significantly effective in the protection of XO/HX-induced cardiotoxocity in cultured myocardial cells by the increase of beating rate as well as th decrease of lipid peroxidation. From these results, they show that XO/HX is cardiotoxic in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, and it suggests that TRS, FT, PT, CA and PRR extracts are positively effective in the blocking in XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1524-1529
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• 2006

The fruits of Cornus officinalis have been used in traditional Oriental medicine for treatment of inner ear diseases, such as tinnitus and hearing loss. In the present study, we showed that the ursolic acid obtained from Corni fructus protected HEI-OC1 auditory cells from hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, to investigate the protection mechanism of ursolic acid on hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity toward HEI-OC1, we measured the effects of ursolic acid on lipid peroxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in hydrogen peroxide treated cells. Ursolic acid (0.05 - 2 ${\mu}g/ml$) had protective effect against the hydrogen peroxide-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage and reduced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with ursolic acid significantly attenuated the decrease in activities of CAT and GPX, but SOD activity was not affected by the ursolic acid or hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that ursolic acid protects hydrogen peroxide-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and induce the antioxidant enzymes CAT and GPX.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2004

Objectives : Laser therapy started in 1958 when Schawlow and Townes suggested medical value of Laser therapy. He-Ne laser has been utilized as a clinical treatment for various diseases by Plog since 1975. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been used as medication for controlling obesity in the Korean Medicine. So this study is planned to investigate the effects of LLLT on the level of serum lipid and weight gain Methods : Experimental groups were divided into normal group(Normal), high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and LLLT by helium-neon (He-Ne) on the tail is carried out once a 2 day during 5 weeks. The animals were divided into six groups: no ischemia-induced and no LLLT-treated group (Normal), the ischemia-induced and no LLLT-treated group (Control), the ischemia-induced and 5 mW 5 min LLLT-treated group (LLLT5-5), the ischemia-induced and 30 mW 5 min LLLT-treated group (LLLT30-5), the ischemia-induced and 5 mW 10 min LLLT-treated group (LLLT5-10), 30 mW 10 min LLLT-treated group (LLLT30-10). The effect of LLLT is observed by weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Results : Body weight and food intake were decreased in LLL5-5, LLLT30-5, LLLT30-10. Food efficiency was decreased in LLLT30-10. The level of serum Triglyceride, Free fatty acid, AST, ALT, ALP were decreased in LLLT30-10. Serum HDL-cholesterol was increase in LLLT5-10, LLLT30-10. Also serum ALT was decrease in LLLT5-5 Conclusions : LLLT(30 mW-10 min) is effective on Body weight, food efficiency ratio, the level of serum lipid and protection of liver function by obesity induced by high fat diet, and LLLT(5 mW-5 min) act on decrease of Body weight, food intake and ALT.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.381-391
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• 1998

천축황(天竺黃)은 한의학에서 청풍열(淸風熱)과 치담(治痰)하는 효능으로 중풍과 불어증(不語症)을 치료하는데 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 천축황(天竺黃)이 실험적인 치매(Alzheimer Disease; AD)를 유발시키는 물질로 알려진 $amyloid-{\beta}\;(A{\beta}\;peptide)$를 흰쥐의 신경세포의 일종인 astrocyte에 처리하여 그 세포독성과 보호효과 및 세포막 지질의 과산화에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 천축황(天竺黃)은 $A{\beta}$에 의한 신경세포에 대한 손상을 억제하여 세포증식을 촉진하여 예방 및 보호효과를 나타내었다. 또한, 세포막 지질의 과산화의 지표인 malondialdehyde (MDA)생성이 $A{\beta}$처리로 크게 증가하였으나 세포막 파괴에 의한 뇌세포 파괴의 전형적인 현상이 천축황(天竺黃)의 전(前)처리와 후(後)처리로 크게 감소되었다. 그리고, 이러한 결과들은 천축황(天竺黃)이 신경세포의 하나인 astrocyte에 대한 보호효과와 세포막지질의 과산화 저해 및 $A{\beta}$처리와 같은 치매유발 독성에 대한 적응능력 향상을 통한 뇌신경의 보호효과를 주는 것으로 노인성 치매 등 임상적 응용에 그 효과가 기대된다.