• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 1994

The fresh perilla seed and tile one-year stored perilla seed were solvent extracted for their oil. On the other hand, the fresh seed and the stored seed were germinated in the dark at $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C\;for\;2{sim}3$ days and then solvent extracted. The above four kinds of perilla oil, that is, the oil from the nongerminated and fresh seed(NFO), the oil from the nongerminated and one-year stored seed (NSO), the oil from the germinated and fresh seed(GFO), and the oil from the germinated and one-year stored seed(GSO) were analyzed with regards to the chemical composition, and the effects of germination of the seed on the oxidative stability of perilla oil were studied. The iodine value and the saponification value were similar in all the perilla oils, but the acid value was increased by germination of the seed. The contents of free fatty acid and diacylglycerol were increased by germination of the seed, while the content of triacylglycerol was decreased. Of the polar lipid components, the content of phosphatidyl ethanolamine was greatly increased by germination of the seed. The contents of total tocopherol of perilla oil from the fresh seed and the one-year stored seed were 494 ppm and 439 ppm, respectively, and by germination of the seed increased to 560 ppm in GFO and 515 ppm in GSO, respectively. Especially a great change in the content of ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ was observed. The oxidative stability of perilla oil was increased by germination of the seed and the increase was distinct in the case of the one-year stored seed compared with that in the case of the fresh seed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.726-735
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the biological activities of polysaccharide extracted from the fruit body and cultured mycelia of Phellinus linteus IY001. All fractions were extracted by hot water, in the next, Fr. I, Fr. II, Fr. III and Fr. IV were polysaccharide obtained by ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration. The highest antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in ICR mice was observed in Fr. III and Fr. IV at the level 85%, but the antitumor activity had no connection with their anticomplementary activity in vitro, it might probably be due to extraction of hot water. All fractions promoted the production of nitric oxide and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in macrophage, addition of Fr. I and Fr. II resulted in production of nitric oxide$3(5.9{\sim}37.6\;{\mu}M)$ and of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production($8,696.2{\sim}9,420pg/ml)$. All fractions inhibited the lipid peroxidation induced by $AsA/Fe^{2+}$, $ADP/NADPH/Fe^{3+}\;and\;CCl_4/NADPH$ in rat liver microsomes, and Fr. III showed the electron donating ability stronger than tocopherol in assay system using DPPH. From these results, it is suggested that all fractions contain immunoregulatory components which may protect cellular materials from the oxidative damages by their radical scavenging activities.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 1999

A muti-lamellar emulsion containing a pseudoceramide, N-Ethanol-2-myristyl/ palmityl-3-oxostearmide/arachidamide(PC-9) has been prepared and its efficacy evaluation has been investigated. In order to prepare a muti-lamellar emulsion, first, the gram ratios of PC-9, fatty acid and cholesterol on the phase diagram to be capable of forming their lamellar liquid crystal structures were determined and secondly, the multi-lamellar emulsion was preprared using glyceryl monostearate and polyoxyethylene glyceryl monosteartate as emulsifers together with above mentioned pseudo-stratum corneum lipid components. Besides natural oils such as olive oil had a tendency to build up the multi-lamellar emulsion. And according as the amount of oil increased in the emulsion, it was observed that the optical anisotropy of “Maltese Cross” which was a typical configuration of multi-lamella mesophase texture diminished. In the dried state of the multi-lamella emulsion, it was examined to transform its emulsion phase into a lamella liquid crystal one. And finally, when the emulsion was applied into a human skin, it was investigated that it had effectiveness in reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of the skin.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2005

Ligularia fischeri is widely grown in Korea and is containing medicinal components such as chamomile, jacobine, and ameleme etc.. Its juices from the leaf are well known for anticancer effect. This study was conducted to make Ligularia fischeri as functional food resources as food produce. To examine quality characteristics of Ligularia fischeri - such as color, texture, fiber, minerals, tannin, crude proteins, crude lipids and sensory quality - were determined using physicochemical methods. The content of dietary fibers were 0.56 g in each 100 g of freeze dried Ligularia fischeri. One of the mineral contents, iron showed the highest value. The contents of tannin were 33.3 ppm in fresh Ligularia fischeri. As results of food products having Ligularia fischeri, the content of crude protein were about $9.35\%$ and $10.37\%$ in rolling snack and garlic bread respectively. The content of crude lipid were about $28.27\%$ and $23.39\%$ in rolling snack and garlic bread, respectively. In sensory evaluation, garlic bread appeared better preference than rolling snack, and older age group showed a better acceptability.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.691-696
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• 2006

This study was carried out to analyze useful component in freeze-dried persimmon flower powder made from six cultivais. The cultivais were Dogunjosang, Kojongsi, Kabjubaeknok, Chalang, Weolhasi and SangjuDungsi. Powder of persimmon flower was prepared by milling after freeze drying at $-70^{\circ}C$. Crude lipid was the highest in Dogunjosang (57.26%). Major free sugars of the persimmon flowers were fructose ($95{\sim}310mg%$), glucose ($75{\sim}281mg%$) and sucrose ($7{\sim}28mg%$). Major organic acids were malic acid (225 mg% in Kabjubaeknok (Jun. 4th)) and tartaric acid (189 mg% in Kabjubaeknok (Jun. 4th)). Predominant free amino acids were hydroxy-L-proline(25.33 mg% in Weolhasi), L-citrulline (58.83 mg% in SangjuDungsi (May 280)) and L-threonine (11.88 mg% in SangjuDungsi (May 280)). Major phenolic compounds in the persimmon flowers were caffeic acid ($1,946{\mu}g/100 g$ in Kabjubaeknok (Jun. 4th)), p-hydioxybenzoic acid($418{\mu}g/100 g$ in SangjuDungsi (May 29th)) and protocatechuic acid($181{\mu}g/100 g$ in Kabjubaeknok(Jun. 1st)). The results suggest that persimmon flowers be potential materials as useful food ingredients.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to investigate the growth status, grain yield and quality of the peanut submerged by the flood in grain filling time. The growth status and grain yield of peanut plant after flooding became worse as the flooded day increases and there was remarkable difference in quality between the submerged peanut for just one day and the unsubmerged peanut. For the storage period, the acid value of lipid extracted from submerged peanuts was increased, and the content of linoleic acid of that decreased as the day of submergence became longer. The content of N, P2Of and MgO in peanut plant was increased but the content of K$_2$O was decreased as the submergence duration became longer and the content of soil components were remarkably decreased after submergence. Thus the flooding during the grain filling period caused serious reduction in grain yield and quality of peanut, and more serious reduction was occurred due to longer duration of submergence.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.671-679
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• 1997

Approximate composition and mineral content of eighty seven medicinal herbs marketed in Korea was analyzed on the basis of their dried weight. From the results anlyzed, it was known that Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seem. (22.4%), Portulaca oleracea L. (20.6%), Torilis japonica DC. (15.0%) in crude ash, Ziziyphus spinosa Hu. (39.9%), Alisma orientale Juzep. (30.6%), Lepidium latifolium L. (28.8%), Cassia tora L. (27.5%) in crude protein, Ziziyphus spinosa Hu. (27.9%), Xantnium strumarium L. (24.0%), Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kude (22.8%), Benincasa hispida Cong. (22.4%) in crude lipid, Vitex rotundifolia L. (59.5%), Ganoderma lucidum Karst (53.9%), Pinus densifiora Sieb. et Zucc. (46.4%), Sambucus williamsii Hanse (41.2%) in crude fiber, and Poria cocos Wolf (91.2%), Gastrodiae elata Blume (87.9%), Gentiana scabra Bunge (86.3%), Rehnannia glutinosa Libosch (86.0%) in nitrogen free extract exhibited higher content than other kinds. Phosphrous contents were 1.5, 1.1 and 1.0% in order of Taxillus chinensis Danser, Malva verticillata L., Nelumbo nucifera Gaeten, and magnesium contents were 0.7, 0.5 and 0.5% in the order of Saururus chinesis Baill., Salivia milltriorrhiza Bunge and Pueraria thunberglans Benth. Calcium contents of Cimicifuge heradeifolia Komarov, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seem. and Rhus vericiflura Stokes were 8.5, 7.1 and 3.0%, and potassium contents of Tricholoma matsutake Sing., Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Achyranthes japonica Nakai were 5.6, 5,4 and 4.7%, respectively. Sodium contents were 2.1, 0.6 and 0.3% in the order of Boshinakia rossica Fedtsch., Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and Prunus mume Seib., and iron contents were 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2% in the order of Cirsium japonicum var, ussuriense Kitamuraa, Gentiana scabra Bunge and Phlomis umbrosa Turcz.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.912-917
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• 2005

Physicochemical components of dried green algae, Seaweed fulvescens (Capsosiphon fulvescens) with $96.02{\pm}0.02%$ moisture content, were investigated. Crude protein, crude lipid, ash and carbohydrate content of C. fulvescens were $31.76{\pm}0.26,\;1.01{\pm}0.21,\;13.58{\pm}0.62\;and\;53.65{\pm}0.73$, respectively. Predominant minerals were Na, Mg, Ca, K and P. Fe $(122.83{\pm}11.19mg/%)\;and\;Se\;(0.90{\pm}0.07mg%)$ contents in were higher than those of other seaweeds. Major free sugars were identified as fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose and galactose. Organic acid including L-malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and d-malic acid were detected. Most abundant amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine. Main fatty acids were palmitic acid, linolenic acid and stearidonic acid, with 58.37% polyenes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.237-248
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• 2007

Objectives : Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Iksujisundan has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Iksujisundan on renal function, peroxynitrite(ONOO-) scavenging activity and polyol pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : The crushed Iksujisundan was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 87.8g. Iksujisundan extract was orally administreted at 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin(60mg/kg). The effects of Iksujisundan extract on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were observed by measuring the serum level of glucose, insulin, lipid components, creatinine and BUN, and also the kidney levels of superoxide anion radical(${\cdot}$O2-), nitric oxide(NO) and ONOO-, and also the enzyme activities involved in the polyol pathway. Results : The effects of Iksujisundan on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose and indulin levels, creatinine and BUN levels, total cholesterol and triglyceride lavels, and HDL-cholesterol levels were all shown to be good enough to prevent and cure the diabetes and its complications. Iksujisundan inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}$O2-,NO and ONOO- in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were reversed toward natural activities. Conclusions : Iksujisundan might inhibit the development of diabetes and its complications by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thereby by reducing oxidative stresses and also by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, all of which could help to recover kidney function.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.685-690
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of the commercial boiled-dried anchovies processed in Japan by determining chemical components and sensory evaluation. The moisture, salinity and acid-insoluble ash contents of the imported boiled-dried anchovies ranged $22.2\sim24.7\%,\;5.7\sim6.6\%\;and\;0.42\sim0.50\%$, respectively. By sensory evaluation, the imported boiled-dried anchovy was less than $5\%$ in breakage, whitish of yellowish in color and no foul smell in odor. Judging from the above results by Korean standard, the imported boiled-dried anchovy was classified into special grade. No difference in total amino acid and a major mineral contents were found between commercial boiled-dried anchovies processed in Korea and Japan. On the other hand, the lipid oxidation of the imported boiled-dried anchovy was inferior to the domestic boiled-dried anchovy sampled immediately after processing.