• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.177-180
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• 2007

Tocotrienols (T3) are minor plant constituents found abundantly in rice bran, which provide a significant source of vitamin E in animal feeds. T3 was reported to have an intrinsic hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibiting HMG-Co A reductase. It has similar antioxidative properties as tocopherols in food and biological system due to their similar chemical structures. However, the antioxidant activity and mechanism of T3 to scavenge free radicals and to inhibit the peroxidation of linoleic acid are less understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the scavenging effect of T3 on free radicals and its inhibition of peroxide formation. Free radical scavenging activity was monitored by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method whereas inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation was evaluated using the thiocyanate method. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test was used to determine malonaldehyde formation from linoleic acid peroxidation. Free radical scavenging activity increased with increasing concentration levels of T3. T3 exhibited 38.2, 78.6, 92.7 and 96.2% radical scavenging activity at concentrations of 2, 8, 32 and 128 ppm, respectively. At 128 ppm, it was highly effective in inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation. The activity of T3 evaluated by the thiocyanate method showed low absorbance values indicating a high level of antioxidant activity. All treatments showed similar trends in antioxidant activity when evaluated by both the thiocyanate method and TBA test.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.419-430
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• 1987

The damage of plasmid DNA by lipid peroxidation and its inhibition were investigated through the model system of DNA and linoleic acid at $37^{\circ}C$. The degree of DNA damage increased in proportion to the increase of concentration and peroxidation of linoleic acid. DNA damage induced from linoleic acid peroxidation was greatly inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers, especially, singlet of oxygen scavenge$(\alpha-tocopherol,\;cysteine)$ and superoxide anion scavenger(superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid) in reaction system. These active oxygens, such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation (POV below 100 mg/kg) and also scanvenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. Hydroperoxide isolated from autoxidised linoleic acid showed DNA damage. Hydroperoxide induced-DNA damage was not inhibited by active oxygen scavengers. Lipid oxidation products, malonaldehyde and hexanal, also influenced on the DNA damage. Accordingly, it is speculated that DNA damage by lipid oxidation products is due to active oxygens such as singlet oxygen and superoxide anion formed in the early stage of peroxidation, direct action of hydroperoxide and formation of low molecular carbonyl compound-DNA complex. Furthermore, DNA damage induced by lipid peroxidation was remarkably inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers and natural antioxidative fractions extracted from garlic and ginger. These antioxidative fractions also suppressed the generation of active orygens and linoleic acid oxidation. It is assumed that the inhibition of DNA damage by garlic and ginger extracts is due to the scavenging effect of active oxygens and the inhibition of hydroperoxide and oxidation products formation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 1987

The present paper was carried out to investigate the effects of active oxygen radicals on the DNA damage by linoleic acid peroxidation by using active oxygen scavengers in a linoleic acid-DNA system. DNA was greatly damaged by linoleic acid peroxidation, and the DNA damage was inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers. Among active oxygen scavengers tested, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and superoxide dismutase greatly inhibited the DNA damage, but catalase and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane didn't show such effects. Accordingly, singlet oxygen and superoxide anion greatly affected to the DNA damage occurring during linoleic acid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide was shown to participate in DNA damage in the early stage of peroxidation. And, the DNA damage by active oxygen radicals was mainly induced in the early stage of linoleic acid peroxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.547-551
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• 2001

The comparative activities of acetone, ethanol, and aqueous fractions extracted from fruit powder of Cudrania tricuspidata by different temperature were tested by in vitro experimental models; peroxidation of linoleic acid and autooxidation of rat hepatic and renal microsomes by using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) for assay of free malondialdehyde production, and scavenging activities of free radicals by DPPH (α, α'-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl). In DPPH method, acetone fraction extracted at 30℃ showed the highest free radical scavenging activities and acetone fractions extracted at 30℃ and 60℃ and ethanol fraction extracted at 30℃ showed stronger than BHT (butylated hydroxitoluene) although used ten-fold lower concentrations. In thiocyanate method used linoleic acid an inhibitory effects of all fractions showed higher than control treatment. TBA method used linoleic acid showed the highest antioxidative activity in acetone fraction extracted at 30℃ and 60℃. an inhibition activity against lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomes of rats showed the highest at acetone faction extracted at acetone fraction among extracted fractions was shown to be the most potent antioxidative properties and this action was more potent in fractions extracted at 30℃ than those extracted at 60℃.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.471-474
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• 1987

The formation of superoxide anion (${\cdot}O^{-}_2$)and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) during linoleic acid peroxidation were investigated in linoleic acid-aqueous system at $37^{\circ}C$. Superoxide anion was rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation, marked to 0.375 (absorbance at 560mm) in the 12mM linoleic acid (POV below 80millieq./kg) incubated for 1 day and then decreased with time-elapsed. Hydrogen peroxide was also rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation regardless of linoleic acid concentration. And, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase greatly inhibited the formation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1582-1585
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• 2004

The antioxidative ability on the basis of reduced glutathione sulphydryl level, the inhibition activities of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and the effects of types of media and growth phase of the cells on the cellular GSH level have been determined. Correlation between reduced glutathione sulphydryl level and antioxidative ability of Lactobacillus spp. was analyzed: Lactobacillus casei HY 2782 contained 25.15 $\mu$mole/g of GSH, the cellular GSH level of L. casei HY 2782 reached maximum after 24 h of cultivation and tended to decrease on further cultivation up to 72 h. There was a significantly higher level of cellular GSH when grown in de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth than in tryptone phytone yeast extract (TPY) broth or bromcresol pruple dextrose (BCP) broth (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. have been shown to be significantly different among strains in the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test (p<0.01). L. casei HY 2782 and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 revealed a high degree of antioxidative effect in linoleic acid oxidation system. Spearmans' rank correlation coefficient between inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and cellular GSH levels of Lactobacillus spp. was 0.65, which means a significant positive correlation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

The antioxidative ability on the basis of reduced glutathione sulphydryl(GSH) level, the inhibition activities of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. have been determined; Lactobacillus casei CU4114 contained the highest level of GSH among the probiotic strains with 25.15 ${\mu}$mole/g. Significantly high level of GSH occured in the intracellular cell free extract of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CU4201, Lactobacillus plantarum CU4203. The antioxidant activity and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation of cell free extract of Lactobacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. by thiobarbituric acid(TBA) assay have been shown to be significantly differed depending on the strains(P>0.01). Intracellular cell free extracts of L. acidophilus CU4111, L. casei CU4114, and strains of Bacillus coacillus revealed a significantly intensive inhibitory activity in the linoleic acid peroxidation reactions. Spearmans' rank correlation between inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and cellular GSH levels of Lactobacillus spp. was analysed and the correlation quotient was 0.65 which means a significant positive correlation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to evaluate as antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation. Silymarin and silybin extracted from Silybum marianum were successively purified wit solvent fractionation by silica gel column chromatography. These isoflavonoid inhibited superoxide anion production in the xanthine oxidase system. In the rat liver microsomes, silymarin or silybin rapidly inhibited lipid peroxidation which was initiated enzymatically by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) or non-enzymatically by ascorbic acid or Fenton's reagent (H2O2+Fe2+). Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was also inhibited by silymarin and silybin. silymarin and silybin inhibited on terminating radical chain reaction during lipid peroxidation in the enzymatic system of microsomes or in the linoleic acid hydroperoxide induced peroxidation system.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.53-58
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• 2016

The present study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of crude extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner. Antioxidant effect was analysed by DPPH-radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. DPPH-radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity of linoleic acid, glutamic acid, ethyl acetate crude extract and ethyl alcohol crude extract of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner were dose-dependently increased. However, lipid peroxidation of glutamic acid, linoleic acid, ethyl acetate crude extract and ethyl alcohol crude extract of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner were time-dependently decreased. The data suggests that crude extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner may be a putative antioxidant substance and apply the development of medicine through convergence study.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.591-596
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• 1996

In the course of screening lipid peroxidation inhibitor from basidiomycetes, a mushroom, which was collected at O-Dae mountain in Kangweon- Do, was found to have active compound. The mushroom was identified as Polyzellus multiplex, which belongs to Aphylloporalles Thelephoraceae, on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fruiting body. The methanol extract of fruiting body was extracted with benzene and ethylacetate, sequentially. By using various kinds of chromatographies, PM1, and PM2 and PM3, were purified from the ethylacetate extract and the benzene extract, respectively. Color reaction and analyses of IR, UV, and NMR spectra indicated that PM1 was a derivative of thelephoric acid, and PM2 and PM3 were linoleic acid and oleic acid, respectively. IC$_{50}$ of PM1 for inhibition of lipid peroxidation was 1.96 ppm and LD$_{50}$ was 500 mg/kg.