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Comparative Analysis of Radiative Flux Based on Satellite over Arctic (북극해 지역의 위성 기반 복사 에너지 산출물의 비교 분석)

  • Seo, Minji;Lee, Eunkyung;Lee, Kyeong-sang;Choi, Sungwon;Jin, Donghyun;Seong, Noh-hun;Han, Hyeon-gyeong;Kim, Hyun-Cheol;Han, Kyung-soo
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.34 no.6_2
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    • pp.1193-1202
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    • 2018
  • It is important to quantitatively analyze the energy budget for understanding of long-term climate change in Arctic. High-quality and long-term radiative parameters are needed to understand the energy budget. Since most of radiative flux components based on satellite are provide for a short period, several data must be used together. It is important to acquaint differences between data to link for conjunction with several data. In this study, we investigated the comparative analysis of Arctic radiative flux product such as CERES and GEWEX to provide basic information for data linkage and analysis of changes in Arctic climate. As a result, GEWEX was underestimated the radiative variables, and it difference between the two data was about $3{\sim}25W/m^2$. In addition, the difference in high-latitude and sea ice regions have increased. In case of comparing with monthly means, the other variables except for longwave downward flux represent high difference of $9.26{\sim}26.71W/m^2$ in spring-summer season. The results of this study can be used standard data for blending and selecting GEWEX and CERES radiative flux data due to recognition of characteristics according to ice-ocean area, season, and regions.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Protein Quality as Lysine Damage (열처리가 Lysine 손상에 의한 단백질의 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 이경혜
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.816-828
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    • 1995
  • During the industrial preparation and the storage of foods, the side chain of some protein-bound amino acids can react chemically each other or with other molecules present in the food. The following reactions have been described : destruction of amino acids, racemization, protein-protein interactions, reactions of proteins with reducing sugars, oxidizing agents, or polyphenols. Apart from total destruction, the main reacitons are the forming of Maillard reactions products(e.g. fructoselysine) and the crosslinking with other amino acids in the same or in another protein molecule(e.g. lysinoalanine). The most often involved amino acid is lysine because of its free functional ${\varepsilon}-amino$ acid group. Generally derivatives of amino acids or crosslinks in polypeptides influence the bioavailability and the overall digestibility of the protein. This work reviews the technological, analytical, nutritional, and physiological problems related to the formation of fructoselysine and lysinolalnine in human foods, and evaluates the possible health risk for humans. A summary of the available information is of help in considering whether or not the presence of fructoselysine/lysinoalanine in foods represents a danger to man. The reduction in protein quality through these reactions is not a problem for the general population, but it is extremely important in infant foods, since infants are often nourished with a limited number of food product(e.g. formular foods) which are sensitive to the Mailard reaction.

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Involvement of Early Growth Response Gene 1 (EGR-1) in Growth Suppression of the Human Colonic Tumor Cells By Apigenin and Its Derivative Isovitexin (Apigenin과 대사물 isovitexin에 의한 인체 대장암세포의 세포활성 억제효과에 있어서의 EGR-1의 역할 연구)

  • Moon, Yu-Seok;Cui, Lei-Guang;Yang, Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.1 s.81
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    • pp.110-115
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    • 2007
  • It has been previously described that transcription factor early growth response gene product 1 (EGR-1) functions as a tumor suppressor gene. This study was conducted to demonstrate that EGR-1 induction by phytochemical apigenin and its derivative isovitexin can mediate the growth suppression of the intestinal epithelial tumor cells. Apigenin and isovitexin induced EGR-1 gene expression both in the dose and time-dependent manners. Moreover the induction was relatively late around 9-12 hr after treatment of HCT-116 cells, while several anti-inflammatory agent such as NSAIDS and catechins elicit the ECR-1 gene expression at much earlier time about 1-3 hr after treatment. In terms of signal transduction, ERK1/2 was critical for apigenin-induced EGR-1 gene expression and its promoter activation. When EGR-1 gene expression was blocked with EGR-1 small interference RNA, the cytotoxicity of apigenin in the human epithelial cells was attenuated, suggesting the involvement of EGR-1 in the anti-tumoric activity of apigenin. To link the EGR-1 induction to EGR-1-regulated gene products in colon cancer, NSAID-Activated Gene 1 (NAG-1) was demonstrated to be elevated by apigenin and isovitexin at 24-48 hr after treatment. Taken together, apigenin-activated ERK1/2 mediated EGR-1 gene induction, which was associated with suppression of the cellular viability by apigenin compound.

Exploratory Study on the Efficient Operation of Parcel Delivery Network with the Growth of Online Shopping Industries (온라인 쇼핑의 성장에 따른 택배물류 네트워크의 효율적 운영에 관한 탐색적 연구)

  • Lim, Hyunwoo;Lim, Jong Won;Yi, Hansuk
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.97-129
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    • 2007
  • The critical link between consumer-based internet ordering and the delivery of the product to the consumer is a key success factor in online shopping. Market areas of online shopping company implies the range of space where products ordered from online shopping can be physically delivered to customers distributed over space with reasonable shipping cost and lead time through the physical distribution network. The average rate of growth in online shopping is 36% per year in Korea for the last 5 years. But there are no maps available that describe sales/delivery density of online shopping, few researches are focused on the short-term/long-term adaptation to demand increase by online shopping. In this paper (1) Maps of trade area are described indicating the sales/delivery density around the nation. (2) Empirical researches suggested that short-term adaptation to demand increase resulted in price reduction and service in enhancement of service quality in local transportation. But the long-term adaptation on the parts of parcel delivery industry are to be investigated in future researches.

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A Suggestion for Surface Reflectance ARD Building of High-Resolution Satellite Images and Its Application (고해상도 위성 정보의 지표 반사도 Analysis-Ready Data (ARD) 구축과 응용을 위한 제언)

  • Lee, Kiwon;Kim, Kwangseob
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.37 no.5_1
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    • pp.1215-1227
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    • 2021
  • Surface reflectance, as a product of the absolute atmospheric correction process of low-orbit satellite imagery, is the basic data required for accurate vegetation analysis. The Commission on Earth Observation Satellite (CEOS) has conducted research and guidance to produce analysis-ready data (ARD) on surface reflectance products for immediate use by users. However, this trend is still in the early stages of research dealing with ARD for high-resolution multispectral images such as KOMPSAT-3A and CAS-500, as it targets medium- to low-resolution satellite images. This study first summarizes the types of distribution of ARD data according to existing cases. The link between Open Data Cube (ODC), the cloud-based satellite image application platforms, and ARD data was also explained. As a result, we present practical ARD deployment steps for high-resolution satellite images and several types of application models in the conceptual level for high-resolution satellite images deployed in ODC and cloud environments. In addition, data pricing policies, accuracy quality issue, platform applicability, cloud environment issues, and international cooperation regarding the proposed implementation and application model were discussed. International organizations related to Earth observation satellites, such as Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), are continuing to develop system technologies and standards for the spread of ARD and ODC, and these achievements are expanding to the private sector. Therefore, a satellite-holder country looking for worldwide markets for satellite images must develop a strategy to respond to this international trend.

A Study on Methods for the Domestic Diffusion of Intelligent Security Project : With a Focus on the Case of Smart City Integrated Platform (지능형 방범 사업의 국내 확산 방안 연구 : 스마트시티 통합플랫폼을 대상으로)

  • Shin, Young-Seob;Han, Sun-Hee;Lee, Jae-Yong
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.7
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    • pp.474-484
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    • 2019
  • In this age, where the social environment is changing rapidly and unpredictably, interest in safety from crime is increasing in Korean society. As the desire to live a life free from the fear of crime increases, interest in the construction of safe cities is also rising nationwide. To meet the national demand, the Korean government is promoting a project to link public disaster safety systems by involving municipalities, 112, 119, and other emergency services and institutions through the Smart City Integrated Platform in order to construct a smart safety net. This study investigates the linking of theSmart City Integrated Platform and theIntelligent Security Project. The results are as follows. 1. The linkage's objective is clear. 2. The system sector can provide information to accident-related organizations. 3. The scenario area can be expanded to a crime-prevention sector, and a long-term urban information integration infrastructure can be created. 4. Product testing is enabled by a smart city road map and through continuous consultation with relevant organizations. 5. Project diffusion to other local governments can be promoted with the continued addition of commercial products.

A Study on Consumer's Perception and Preference for Providing Information of Fashion Products by Using QR Code (QR 코드를 이용한 패션제품의 정보제공에 대한 20대 소비자의 인식과 선호조사 연구)

  • Yoon, Jiwon;Yoo, Shinjung
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 2019
  • The present study explored consumer's perception and preference on providing information of fashion products by using QR code and suggested the possibility for consumer-to-consumer and consumer-to-company connection. A survey was conducted on males and females in their 20s-a population among whom the rate of smart phone penetration is higher than in any other age group and who tend to exchange information online. The results showed that consumers are dissatisfied with the amount of information, terms of instructions, and ambiguous washing symbols currently provided. Therefore, the study identified the need for better methods of providing information and found that QR code, which is able to deliver high-quality information on fashion products, can be an efficient alternative. Moreover, respondents felt the need for detailed washing instructions, information on handling, and functionality of material on high-involvement fashion products such as outdoor, padding, suit, and underwear worn next to the skin. They also desire styling tips or purchasing information such as SNS OOTD (Outfit Of The Day) utilizing the product, other products that may go well with the one purchased, and similar products on casual wear and coat used on a daily basis. Therefore, QR code used as a link to information web pages or a social network can help consumers to satisfy information needs and to use the products effectively.

Development of Customer Satisfaction VE Process during Design Phase using Axiomatic Design Theory (공리적 설계를 활용한 고객만족형 설계VE 프로세스 개발)

  • Park, In-Woo;Cho, Kyu-Man;Hyun, Chang-Taek;Hong, Tae-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.111-121
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    • 2009
  • Value Engineering(VE) at design phase(so-called Design-VE) becomes quite a compulsory solution for better customer satisfaction, cost reduction, higher product performance, and, eventually, insured predominance in the competition. Unlike intended, however, the customer requirement on Design-VE has not been fully reflected in reality. Furthermore, the Design-VE occasionally does not progress in regular sequence; Preparation for measuring customer requirement - Function analysis - Idea creation. Therefore, this study suggests Axiomatic Design Theory to be adopted in Design-VE process expecting that the functions required by the customer could systematically reflected in VE process. Post-occupancy Evaluation(POE) is also represented as a method to measure and arrange the customer requirements. The customer satisfaction Design-VE process creates ideas defining functions in more detailed, to reflect the concrete user requirement. This approach helps function analysis and idea creation linked closely because function and idea are developed zigzag (i.e. function - idea - function...) in being decomposed into level down. The application of the process proposed by this study will be helpful to improve the customer requirement measurement and clarify a link between functions and ideas.

Study on the High Frequency Heat Treatment Characteristics with the Distance between Coil and SCM440 Parts (고주파 열처리 코일과 피가열물 사이 간극에 따른 SCM440 강의 고주파 열처리 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Wan;Choi, Jee-Seok;Han, Chang-Won;Lee, Moo-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.10
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2017
  • This study investigates the high-frequency heat treatment characteristics with the distance between a coil and SCM440 parts for an automobile. Global automobile makers are focusing on research to develop high-performance automobiles with improved fuel efficiency and lower emissions in accordance with consumer demand and environmental policies. However, most research on high-frequency heat treatment has been experimental, and it is very difficult to obtain high-frequency heat treatment conditions for a specific product. Therefore, all the conditions of high-frequency heat treatment except the distance between a coil and SCM440 parts were kept the same. As a result, the optimized distance between the coil and SCM440 parts was observed to be 1-2 mm. When the distance between the coil and SCM440 parts was over 3 mm, the effective case hardness depth and total case hardness depth did not satisfy the standards.

Structural Properties of Social Network and Diffusion of Product WOM: A Sociocultural Approach (사회적 네트워크 구조특성과 제품구전의 확산: 사회문화적 접근)

  • Yoon, Sung-Joon;Han, Hee-Eun
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.141-177
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    • 2011
  • I. Research Objectives: Most of the previous studies on diffusion have concentrated on efficacy of WOM communication with the use of variables at individual level (Iacobucci 1996; Midgley et al. 1992). However, there is a paucity of studies which investigated network's structural properties as antecedents of WOM from the perspective of consumers' sociocultural propensities. Against this research backbone, this study attempted to link the network's structural properties and consumer' WOM behavior on cross-national basis. The major research objective of this study was to examine the relationship between network properties and WOM by comparing Korean and Chinese consumers. Specific objectives of this research are threefold; firstly, it sought to examine whether network properties (i.e., tie strength, centrality, range) affect WOM (WOM intention and quality of WOM). Secondly, it aimed to explore the moderating effects of cutural orientation (uncertainty avoidance and individuality) on the relationship between network properties and WOM. Thirdly, it substantiates the role of innovativeness as antecedents to both network properties and WOM. II. Research Hypotheses: Based on the above research objectives, the study put forth the following research hypotheses to validate. ${\cdot}$ H 1-1 : The Strength of tie between two counterparts within network will positively influence WOM effectivenes ${\cdot}$ H 1-2 : The network centrality will positively influence the WOM effectiveness ${\cdot}$ H 1-3 : The network range will positively influence the WOM effectiveness ${\cdot}$ H 2-1 : The consumer's uncertainty avoidance tendency will moderate the relationship between network properties and WOM effectiveness ${\cdot}$ H 2-2 : The consumer's individualism tendency will moderate the relationship between network properties and WOM effectiveness ${\cdot}$ H 3-1 : The consumer's innovativeness will positively influence the social network properties ${\cdot}$ H 3-2 : The consumer's innovativeness will positively influence WOM effectiveness III. Methodology: Through a pilot study and back-translation, two versions of questionnaire were prepared, one in Korean and the other in Chinese. The chinese data were collected from the chinese students enrolled in language schools in Suwon city in Korea, while Korean data were collected from students taking classes in a major university in Seoul. A total of 277 questionnaire were used for analysis of Korean data and 212 for Chinese data. The reason why Chinese students living in Korea rather than in China were selected was based on two factors: one was to neutralize the differences (ie, retail channel availability) that may arise from living in separate countries and the second was to minimize the difference in communication venues such as internet accessibility and cell phone usability. SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 7.0 were used for analysis. IV. Results: Prior to hypothesis verification, mean differences between the two countries in terms of major constructs were performed with the following result; As for network properties (tie strength, centrality and range), Koreans showed higher scores in all three constructs. For cultural orientation traits, Koreans scored higher only on uncertainty avoidance trait than Chinese. As a result of verifying the first research objective, confirming the relationship between network properties and WOM effectiveness, on Korean side, tie strength(Beta=.116; t=1.785) and centrality (Beta=.499; t=6.776) significantly influenced on WOM intention, and similar finding was obtained for Chinese side, with tie strength (Beta=.246; t=3.544) and centrality (Beta=.247; t=3.538) being significant. However, with regard to WOM argument quality, Korean data yielded only centrality (Beta=.82; t=7.600) having a significant impact on WOM, whereas China showed both tie strength(Beat=.142; t=2.052) and centrality(Beta=.348; t=5.031) being influential. To answer for the second research objective addressing the moderating role of cultural orientation, moderated regression anaylsis was performed and the result showed that uncertainty avoidance moderated between network range and WOM intention for both Korea and China, But for Korea, the uncertainty avoidance moderated between tie strength and WOM quality, while for China it moderated between network range and WOM intention. And innovativeness moderated between tie strength and WOM intention for Korea but it moderated between network range and WOM intention for China. As a result of analysing for third research objective, we found that for Korea, innovativeness positively influenced centrality only (Beta=.546; t=10.808), while for China it influenced both tie strength (Beta=.203; t=2.998) and centrality(Beta=.518; t=8.782). But for both countries alike, the innovativeness influenced positively on WOM (WOM intention and WOM quality). V. Implications: The study yields the two practical implications. Firstly, the result suggests that companies targeting multinational customers need to identify segments which are susceptible to the positive WOM and WOM information based on individual traits such as uncertainty avoidance and individualism and based on that, develop marketing communication strategy. Secondly, the companies need to divide the market on Roger's five innovation stages and based on this information, enforce marketing strategy which utilizes social networking tools such as public media and WOM. For instance, innovator and early adopters, if provided with new product information, will be able to capitalize upon the network advantages and thus add informational value to network operations using SNS or corporate blog.

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