• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.743-767
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• 2020

Due to the impressive flexural performance, enhanced compressive strength and more constrained crack propagation, Fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) have been widely employed in the construction application. Majority of experimental studies have focused on the seismic behavior of FRC columns. Based on the valid experimental data obtained from the previous studies, the current study has evaluated the seismic response and compressive strength of FRC rectangular columns while following hybrid metaheuristic techniques. Due to the non-linearity of seismic data, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been incorporated with metaheuristic algorithms. 317 different datasets from FRC column tests has been applied as one database in order to determine the most influential factor on the ultimate strengths of FRC rectangular columns subjected to the simulated seismic loading. ANFIS has been used with the incorporation of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic algorithm (GA). For the analysis of the attained results, Extreme learning machine (ELM) as an authentic prediction method has been concurrently used. The variable selection procedure is to choose the most dominant parameters affecting the ultimate strengths of FRC rectangular columns subjected to simulated seismic loading. Accordingly, the results have shown that ANFIS-PSO has successfully predicted the seismic lateral load with R² = 0.857 and 0.902 for the test and train phase, respectively, nominated as the lateral load prediction estimator. On the other hand, in case of compressive strength prediction, ELM is to predict the compressive strength with R² = 0.657 and 0.862 for test and train phase, respectively. The results have shown that the seismic lateral force trend is more predictable than the compressive strength of FRC rectangular columns, in which the best results belong to the lateral force prediction. Compressive strength prediction has illustrated a significant deviation above 40 Mpa which could be related to the considerable non-linearity and possible empirical shortcomings. Finally, employing ANFIS-GA and ANFIS-PSO techniques to evaluate the seismic response of FRC are a promising reliable approach to be replaced for high cost and time-consuming experimental tests.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권6호
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• pp.551-568
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• 2024

The present study deals with static and dynamic behaviors including forced vibrations of an elastic rectangular nano plate on the two-parameter foundation. Firstly, the rectangular plate is assumed to be subjected to uniformly distributed and eccentrically applied concentrated loads. The governing equations of the problem are derived by considering the dynamic response of the plate, employing a series of the Chebyshev polynomials for the displacement function and applying the Galerkin method. Then, effects of the non-essential boundary conditions of the plate, i.e., the boundary conditions related to the shearing forces, the bending moments and the corner forces, are included in the governing equation of motion to compensate for the non-satisfied boundary conditions and increase the accuracy of the Galerkin method. The approximate numerical solution is accomplished using an iterative process due to the non-linearity of the unilateral property of the two-parameter foundation. The plate under static concentrated load is investigated in detail numerically by considering a wide range of parameters of the plate and the foundation stiffnesses. Numerical treatment of the problem in the time domain is carried out by assuming a stepwise variation of the concentrated load and the linear acceleration procedure is employed in the solution of the system of governing differential equations derived from the equation of motion. Time variations of the contact region and those of the displacements of the plate are presented in the figures for various numbers of the two-parameter of the foundation, as well as the classical and nano parameters of the plate particularly focusing on the non-linearity of the problem due to the plate lift-off from the unilateral foundation. The effects of classical and nonlocal parameters and loading are investigated in detail. Definition of the separation between the plate and the two-parameter foundation is presented and applied to the given problem. The effect of the lift-off on the static and dynamic behavior of the rectangular plate is studied in detail by considering various loading conditions. The numerical study shows that the effect of nonlocal parameters on the behavior of the plate becomes significant, when nonlinearity becomes more profound, due to the lift-off of the plate. It is seen that the size effects are significant in static and dynamic analysis of nano-scaled rectangular plates and need to be included in the mechanical analyses. Furthermore, the corner displacement of the plate is affected more significantly from the lift-off, whereas it is less marked in the time variation of the middle displacement of the plate. Several numerical examples are presented to examine the sensibility of various parameters associated with nonlocal parameters of the plate and foundation. Both stiffening and softening nonlocal parameters behavior of the plate are identified in the numerical solutions which show that increasing the foundation stiffness decreases the extent of the contact region, whereas the stiffness of the shear layer increases the contact region and reduces the foundation settlement considerably.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2008

Management and control of ammonia at the sources and ambient largely depend on sampling and measurement techniques. Good sampling and measurement techniques provide high quality data. The main purpose of the study is compare the analytical characteristics of the Indolphenol method which is one of the standard method in Korea with automatic analyzers for continued measuring gaseous ammonia. For comparison with other analytical methods, the verification test was designed to evaluate performance parameters; linearity, absorption efficiency, reproducibility and repeatability test, accuracy, and response time test. $R^2$ of calibration curve using IPM and CLM was very high (value is 1.000), but for EcSM $R^2$ value was estimated to be lower than IPM and CLM (as 0.991). The RSD of the CLM ranged from 0.1 to 2.3% over the nine concentration levels measured, %Ds was 0.1 to 10.7%, and average RA over all the measurements was 3.3%. The RSD of IPM and EcSM was ranged from 1.0 to 8.1, 3.9 to 14.0 respectively, and average RA were 8.71, 4.9% respectively. Rise in response times of EcSM was estimated to be 1 minute. It is found to be more sensitive than response time (which ranged from 2 to 9 minute) of CLM. For ammonia concentration measured using the IPM and the CLM from the same ammonia source, linear regression of IPM versus CLM show a slope of 0.805, an intercept of 637 ppb, and $R^2$ of 0.868.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.662-667
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• 2005

Nonlinear dynamics of active piezolaminated plates are investigated with respect to the thermopiezoelastic behaviors. For largely deformed structures with small strain, the incremental total Lagrangian formulation is presented based on the virtual work principles. A multi field layer wise finite shell element is proposed for assuring high accuracy and non-linearity of displacement, electric and thermal fields. For dynamic consideration of thermopiezoelastic snap through phenomena, the implicit Newmark's scheme with the Newton-Raphson iteration is implemented for the transient response of various piezolaminated models with symmetric or eccentric active layers. The bifurcate thermal buckling of symmetric structural models is first investigated and the characteristics of piezoelectric active responses are studied for finding snap through piezoelectric potentials and the load path tracking map. The thermoelastic stable and unstable postbuckling, thermopiezoelastic snap through phenomena with several attractors are proved using the nonlinear time responses for various initial conditions and damping loss factors. Present results show that thermopiezoelastic snap through phenomena can result in the difficulty of buckling and postbuckling control of intelligent structures.

• 전자공학회논문지T
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• 제36T권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1999

In\sub 2\O\sub 3\ 계 산화물 반도체형 후막센서의 ppb 범위의 오존에 대한 감지특성을 살펴보았다. In\sub 2\O\sub 감지막은 오존에 감도가 상당히 높았지만 안정된 신호를 얻을 수 없었다. In\sub 2\O\sub에 3wt.% 의 Fe\sub 2\O\sub 3\를 첨가한 경우에는, 순수한 In\sub 2\O\sub 와 비교할 때 응답 시간과 감도에 있어서 감지 특성의 향상이 관찰되었지만, 센서 신호가 시간에 따라 계속 증가되는 경향은 크게 개선되지 않았다. 그러나 In\sub 2\O\sub:Fe\sub 2\O\sub 3\ 혼합 분말의 열처리는 감도가 감소하기는 하였지만 센서의 오존 응답 및 회복 특성을 증진시켰다. 특히 1300℃ 정도의 고온에서 혼합 분말을 열처리 하여 제조한 감지막은 감도의 감소는 있었지만 550℃ 의 측정 온도에서 빠른 응답 및 회복 특성과 센서 신호가 최대값으로 빠르게 수렴함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이들 센서는 오존에 대해 센서 신호의 선형적인 농도 의존성을 나타내었으며, 반복 실험을 행할 때 센서 신호의 재현성을 보여주었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제조한 후 막 가스센서를 사용하여 ppb 범위의 오존 농도를 신뢰성있게 측정할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2006

Increasing requirements for the high quality of industrial robot performance made the vibration control issue very important because the vibration makes it difficult to achieve quick response of robot motion and may bring mechanical damage to the robot. This paper presents the vibration mechanism of an industrial robot which has flexible joints. The joint flexibility of the robot is modeled as a two-mass system and its dynamic characteristics are analysed. And some characteristics of the two-mass system, especially for the joint of industrial robots, such as disturbance, non-linearity and time-varying characteristics are studied. And finally, some considerations on controller design for the flexible joint of industrial robots are discussed.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.687-692
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• 1999

A new technique to measure low level capacitance variations of the gyroscope is proposed and verified by computer simulation. It is based on the new CV(capacitance-voltage) converter circuit biased by dc current source and the peak detector without low pass filter. The CV converter biased by dc current source provides good signal-to-noise ratio and this setup of the detection circuitry without low pass filter makes it possible to provide short settling time, that is, higher speed of measurement and wide operation range if only a few parameters are adjusted. The key parameters that affect the performance of the detection circuitry are illustrated and computer simulation results are presented. The demonstrated detection circuitry shows linear response from 10 fF to 130 fF at 10 kHz and shows good linearity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.1426-1432
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• 2018

This paper presents a neutron detector configuration using EJ-301 scintillation liquid, a R9420 photo-multiplier and a homemade preamplifier. The detector qualities which include the energy linearity, efficiency response and neutron/gamma discrimination are guaranteed for neutron detection in the energy range from 0 to 3000 keVee. Regarding the neutron/gamma discrimination capability, four pulse shape discrimination (PSD) methods which are the threshold crossing time (TCT), pulse gradient analysis (PGA), charge comparison (CC) and correlation pattern recognition (CPR), were evaluated and discussed; among of these, the CPR method provides the best neutron/gamma discrimination.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1720-1724
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• 2007

Electrochemical behaviors of bovine hemoglobin (Hb) at an acetylene black paste electrode based on the enhancement effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated. In the optimal conditions, a very weak reduction peak was observed at an acetylene black paste electrode for hemoglobin in the absence of SDS. However, the reduction peak current increased remarkably after the addition of 4.0 × 10?4 mol L?1 SDS, suggesting that SDS exhibits obvious enhancement effect to the determination of hemoglobin. All the experimental parameters, such as pH value, concentration of SDS, accumulation time and accumulation potential were optimized for hemoglobin analysis. The proposed method possesses high sensitivity (detection limit is 3.0 × 10?9 mol L?1), wide linearity (6.0 × 10?9 to 6.0 × 10?7 mol L?1), rapid response and low cost. Finally, the method was successfully employed to determine hemoglobin in a spiked sample.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1472-1473
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• 2008

Polyimide thin films were cured locally using MEMS microhotplates. The polyimide locally cured at temperature over 350$^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour was fully cured. There was no significant difference between polyimide thin films cured in a conventional convection oven and those cured locally on MEMS microhotplates. The locally cured polyimide humidity sensor showed a linearity of 0.9995, a sensitivity of 0.77 pF/%RH, a hysteresis of 0.6 %RH, and a response time of 3s. These results indicate that the locally-cured polyimide films may be used as dielectric material of high speed, highsensitivity humidity sensors.