• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2022

An improvement of computational resources with a large scale cluster service is available to the individual person, which has been limited to the original industry and research institute. Therefore, the application of powerful computational resources to the engineering design has been increased fast. In naval and marine industry, the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics, which requires a huge computational effort, to a design of ship and offshore structure has been increased. Floating bodies such as the ship or offshore structure is exposed to ocean waves, current and wind in the ocean, therefore the precise modelling of those environmental disturbances is important in Computational Fluid Dynamics. Especially, ocean waves has to be nonlinear rather than the linear model based on the superposition due to a nonlinear characteristics of Computational Fluid Dynamics. In the present study, a fast reconstruction technique is suggested and it is validated from a series of simulations by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2021

Background: Trust is a key component for the good relationship between patients and healthcare professionals but trust for community pharmacists has not been studied much. Objectives: This study aimed to measure public trust in community pharmacists and to investigate variables that affect trust level in South Korea. Methods: A total of 25 questions, including 13-items for three dimensions of trust (pharmacists' behavior/attitude, technical competence, communication skills) and 1-item for overall trust were developed. The survey was conducted online and the data from 416 respondents were analyzed with a t-test, an ANOVA and a multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The average scores (mean ± standard deviation) for the three dimensions of trust in community pharmacists were 3.47±1.05 (out of 5 points) for pharmacists' behavior/attitude, 3.67 ± 0.99 for technical competence, and 3.66±0.99 for communication skills. The average of the 13 items incorporating all parameters was 3.56±1.02 and the overall trust level was 7.16±1.62 (out of 10 points). The total sum of the 13 items differed significantly by age group (p=0.02) and frequency of pharmacy visits (p=0.04). Each dimension had an independent impact on the trust level, and pharmacists' behavior/attitude had the greatest impact on trust levels. Conclusions: This study showed that pharmacists' behavior/attitude had the most significant impact on the trust level. However, the level of trust in pharmacists' behavior/attitude is not yet sufficiently satisfactory, and further improvements are required to increase trust in community pharmacists.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the influence of effort-reward imbalance and job satisfaction on turnover intention among hospital nurses. Methods: Data were collected from January 28 to February 10, 2022, from 237 nurses from five hospitals including clinics, general hospitals, and tertiary care hospitals located in B city. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, the Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis, using SPSS/WIN 26.0. Results: The average of the effort-reward ratio, an indicator of effort-reward imbalance, was 1.67±0.66, and 86.5% of the participants had a value of 1 or more. The mean job satisfaction and turnover intention were 3.32±0.48 and 3.69±0.89 on a 5-point scale, respectively. Multiple regression revealed that factors affecting turnover intention among hospital nurses included effort-reward imbalance (β=.30, p<.001) and job satisfaction (β=-.32, p<.001), and these variables explained 29.0% of turnover intention. Conclusion: These findings indicate that effort-reward imbalance and job satisfaction are associated with turnover intention. Therefore, to decrease the turnover intention of hospital nurses, interventions and policies should be prepared to resolve the nurse's effort-reward imbalance and increase job satisfaction at regional or national level hospitals.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.267-278
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• 2022

Pre-stressed concrete circular spun piles are widely used in various infrastructure projects around the world and offer an economical deep foundation system with consistent and superior quality compared to cast in-situ and other concrete piles. Conventional methods for measuring the lateral response of piles have been limited to conventional instrumentation, such as electrical based gauges and pressure transducers. The problem with existing technology is that the sensors are not able to assist in recording the lateral stiffness changes of the pile which varies along the length depending on the distribution of the flexural moments and appearance of tensile cracks. This paper describes a full-scale bending test of a 1-m diameter spun pile of 30 m long and instrumented using advanced fibre optic distributed sensor, known as Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA). Optical fibre sensors were embedded inside the concrete during the manufacturing stage and attached on the concrete surface in order to measure the pile's full-length flexural behaviour under the prescribed serviceability and ultimate limit state. The relationship between moments-deflections and bending moments-curvatures are examined with respect to the lateral forces. Tensile cracks were measured and compared with the peak strains observed from BOTDA data which corroborated very well. By analysing the moment-curvature response of the pile, the structure can be represented by two bending stiffness parameters, namely the pre-yield (EI) and post-yield (EI_cr), where the cracks reduce the stiffness property by 89%. The pile deflection profile can be attained from optical fibre data through closed-form solutions, which generally matched with the displacements recorded by Linear Voltage Displacement Transducers (LVDTs).

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2022

Purpose: Despite the proliferation of numerous morphometric and anthropometric methods for sex identification based on linear, angular, and regional measurements of various parts of the body, these methods are subject to error due to the observer's knowledge and expertise. This study aimed to explore the possibility of automated sex determination using convolutional neural networks(CNNs) based on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 1,476 Iranian subjects (794 women and 682 men) from 18 to 49 years of age were included. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were considered as a network input and output layer including 2 classes(male and female). Eighty percent of the data was used as a training set and the rest as a test set. Hyperparameter tuning of each network was done after preprocessing and data augmentation steps. The predictive performance of different architectures (DenseNet, ResNet, and VGG) was evaluated based on their accuracy in test sets. Results: The CNN based on the DenseNet121 architecture, with an overall accuracy of 90%, had the best predictive power in sex determination. The prediction accuracy of this model was almost equal for men and women. Furthermore, with all architectures, the use of transfer learning improved predictive performance. Conclusion: The results confirmed that a CNN could predict a person's sex with high accuracy. This prediction was independent of human bias because feature extraction was done automatically. However, for more accurate sex determination on a wider scale, further studies with larger sample sizes are desirable.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.252-259
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• 2022

In order to discuss the implications for demographic changes due to an aging society, this study sought to verify the effect of generational age with a focus on the case of the national housing scale transaction in Seoul Seocho-gu. For the result, variance and linear regression analysis, and when the analysis showed a significant correlation between age and transaction price, and corrected the trading region and year, it was also confirmed that the higher the age in most regions, the lower the trading price tendency. Based on the results of this analysis, efforts to improve the adequacy and fairness of pricing in trading cases, and the direction of policy change due to the aging of the population were discussed, and on the basis of this, we even proposed measures for the support of the policy authorities. In addition, the management condition of individual communal houses was an important factor in the sale and the lack of utilization of Internet-based platforms was expected to be the cause of the low price sale. However, due to the use of 2nd order data on real trading cases, the direction of subsequent research was presented together with respect to the limitations of not being able to control a wider variety of individual characteristics.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2023

This work presents a modified analytical model for the bending behavior of axially functionally graded (AFG) carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) nanobeams. New higher order shear deformation beam theory is exploited to satisfy parabolic variation of shear through thickness direction and zero shears at the bottom and top surfaces.A Modified continuum nonlocal strain gradient theoryis employed to include the microstructure and the geometrical nano-size length scales. The extended rule of the mixture and the molecular dynamics simulations are exploited to evaluate the equivalent mechanical properties of FG-CNTRC beams. Carbon nanotubes reinforcements are distributed axially through the beam length direction with a new power graded function with two parameters. The equilibrium equations are derived with associated nonclassical boundary conditions, and Navier's procedure are used to solve the obtained differential equation and get the response of nanobeam under uniform, linear, or sinusoidal mechanical loadings. Numerical results are carried out to investigate the impact of inhomogeneity parameters, geometrical parameters, loadings type, nonlocal and length scale parameters on deflections and stresses of the AFG CNTRC nanobeams. The proposed model can be used in the design and analysis of MEMS and NEMS systems fabricated from carbon nanotubes reinforced composite nanobeam.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.409-423
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• 2022

Nowadays, there is a high demand for great structural implementation and multifunctionality with excellent mechanical properties. The porous structures reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs) having valuable properties, such as heat resistance, lightweight, and excellent energy absorption, have been considerably used in different engineering implementations. However, stiffness of porous structures reduces significantly, due to the internal cavities, by adding GPLs into porous medium, effective mechanical properties of the porous structure considerably enhance. This paper is relating to vibration analysis of fluidconveying cantilever porous graphene platelet reinforced (GPLR) pipe with fractional viscoelastic model resting on foundations. A dynamical model of cantilever porous GPLR pipes conveying fluid and resting on a foundation is proposed, and the vibration, natural frequencies and primary resonant of such a system are explored. The pipe body is considered to be composed of GPLR viscoelastic polymeric pipe with porosity in which Halpin-Tsai scheme in conjunction with the fractional viscoelastic model is used to govern the construction relation of nanocomposite pipe. Three different porosity distributions through the pipe thickness are introduced. The harmonic concentrated force is also applied to the pipe and the excitation frequency is close to the first natural frequency. The governing equation for transverse motions of the pipe is derived by the Hamilton principle and then discretized by the Galerkin procedure. In order to obtain the frequency-response equation, the differential equation is solved with the assumption of small displacement, damping coefficient, and excitation amplitude by the multiple scale method. A parametric sensitivity analysis is carried out to reveal the influence of different parameters, such as nanocomposite pipe properties, fluid velocity and nonlinear viscoelastic foundation coefficients, on the primary resonance and linear natural frequency. Results indicate that the GPLs weight fraction porosity coefficient, fractional derivative order and the retardation time have substantial influences on the dynamic response of the system.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.342-352
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the useful blood variables in diagnosing calf diarrhea in Hanwoo calves and good indicators for calf diarrhea. In 530 Hanwoo calves, fecal scores were recorded on a scale of 0 to 3, and blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins. Among the blood variables, 16 blood variables showed significant differences (p < 0.01) according to fecal scores. After reference intervals of these 16 blood variables were calculated, the distributions of calves by calculated reference intervals showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) and linear associations (p < 0.001) in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (GLU), blood sodium concentration (Na), blood potassium concentration (K), fibrinogen (Fib), and haptoglobin (Hp). Of 6 blood variables, the optimal cut-off values were calculated for BUN, K, Fib, and Hp, and the area under the curve was 0.5 or more: BUN (9.5 mg/dL, AUC: 0.623), K (5.8 mmol/L, AUC: 0.599), Fib (650.0 mg/dL, AUC: 0.706), and Hp (12.5 mg/dL, AUC: 0.847). These findings could be useful in evaluating calves with diarrhea and making decision of further treatment of calf diarrhea in Hanwoo calves.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.65-73
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• 2009

Large scale model tests and numerical analyses are performed to investigate the stress distribution of pillar due to surface loading nearby two-arch tunnel which is constructed in the regularly jointed rocks. It is observed that the influence of discontinuities on the stress distribution in the discontinuous rock mass and the underground stresses induced by surface loading are greater than those of linear elastic theory. Especially, lines of equal stresses are developed to the direction of inclination according to the inclined grade. In cases of discontinuities imbedded in parallel with or vertical to the ground, the pressure bulbs are formed symmetrically, however, the inclined ones result in stress distribution in parallel with and vertical to the planes of discontinuities. Results indicated that stress distribution is seriously affected by the angle of discontinuity. When stresses propagating to the pillar need to be estimated, relative location of surface loading, grade of discontinuous plane, and location of two-arch tunnel should be carefully considered.